Field survival method

Survival in the wild means that people live in the jungles of Shan Ye without shelter. Special forces, scouts, airborne troops, marines, soldiers who lost contact with the troops in the battle, and wrecked aircrew, in isolated enemy lines or unfamiliar wilderness jungles and islands, in the case of cutting off equipment, they need bottom-up skills in the field. Here are some simple common sense of survival in the wild.

First, use natural features to determine the direction.

In the absence of topographic maps, compasses and other standard equipment, soldiers should master some methods to judge the direction by using natural characteristics.

Using the sun to determine the position is very simple.

You can use a pole (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and put a stone at the vertex A of the pole shadow; After about 10 minutes, when the shadow vertex of the benchmark moves to B, put another stone. Connect point A and point B into a straight line, and the direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the AB line is the north-south direction, and the end facing the sun is the south.

Judge the direction by pointing to the sun. The method is as follows: when the watch is placed horizontally, the position indicated by the hour hand (24-hour clock) is halved against the sun, and the direction indicated by 12 on the dial is roughly north. If the current time is 16, the watch scale at 8 o'clock points to the sun, and the time of 12 points to the north.

When the weather is clear at night, you can use Polaris to determine the direction. To find the North Star, we must first find the constellation Ursa (we call it the Big Dipper). Constellation consists of seven stars, and it starts like a spoon. After the Big Dipper was found, it extended to the spoon mouth along the line connecting the two stars A and B on the spoon edge, which was about five times the distance between the two stars A and B. The brighter star was Polaris. The direction indicated by Polaris is the north. You can also use Andromeda opposite the Big Dipper to find the North Star. Cassiopeia consists of five stars with the same brightness as the Big Dipper. It is shaped like a W, which is about twice the width of the whole gap in front of the middle of the W-shaped gap, and the Polaris can be found.

It is an auxiliary method to determine the orientation by using the features of ground objects. Use it flexibly according to different situations. Independent trees usually have lush leaves and smooth bark in the south. The annual ring line on the stump is usually thin in the south and dense in the north. The front doors of houses, windows and temples in rural areas generally face south. Snow in buildings, mounds, ridges and highlands usually melts quickly in the south and slowly in the north. The big rocks, mounds and trees in the south are densely vegetated, while the moss is easy to grow in the north.

When you get lost in the wild, don't panic, but stop immediately, always remember the road you have traveled calmly, try to reorient yourself according to all possible signs, and then find the road. The most reliable way is to get lost and go back to the original starting point.

After losing your way in the mountains, you must first climb high and look far, and judge which direction you should go. Usually, you should walk in the direction of low terrain, so it is easy to touch the water source, and it is safest to walk along the river, which is especially important in the forest. Because roads and residential areas are often built by waterfront and rivers.

If you meet a fork in the road, there are many roads that make you feel at a loss. You must first make clear the direction you want to take, and then choose the right road. If the directions of several roads are roughly the same and cannot be determined, then take the middle road first, so as to make ends meet, and even if you take the wrong road, you will not deviate too far.

Second, the complex terrain travel method

In order to avoid getting lost, save physical strength and improve the speed of traveling in mountainous areas, we should try our best to avoid taking roads, forests, mountains and paths. If there is no road, you can choose to travel on the longitudinal ridge, mountainside, the edge of rivers and streams, and the terrain with high trees, large drop and low grass. We should strive to walk on the beam instead of the ditch, and walk vertically instead of horizontally.

When marching, you can take a big step without taking a small step. In this way, dozens of kilometers down, you can save a lot of steps. When you are tired, you should take a walk and have a rest. When climbing rocks, we should carefully observe the rocks, carefully identify the quality and weathering degree of the rocks, and determine the direction and route of climbing.

The basic method of rock climbing is the "three-point fixation" method, that is, after both hands and one foot or two feet are fixed with one hand, the remaining hand or one foot is moved to move the center of gravity up. Hands and feet should be coordinated to avoid moving at two points at the same time. Be sure to be steady, light and fast, choose the most suitable distance and the most stable fulcrum according to your own situation, and don't grab or push too far across big strides.

Climbing a hillside below 30 degrees can rise in a straight line. When climbing, your body leans forward slightly, your feet are all on the ground, your knees are bent, and your feet are exposed in a figure of eight. Don't walk too fast. When the slope is greater than 30 degrees, zigzag climbing route is generally adopted. When climbing a mountain, your legs are slightly bent, your upper body leans forward, your inner toes lean forward, your feet touch the ground, and your outer toes are slightly outward. When you accidentally slip on the road, you should immediately face the hillside, spread your arms but straighten your legs, and tilt your toes to make your body move up as much as possible to reduce the sliding speed. In this way, you can try to find climbing and supporting objects in the slide. Never sit facing outward, because it will not only slide faster, but also roll easily on steep slopes.

Rivers are common obstacles in mountainous and plain areas. Don't rush into the water when you meet a river. You should observe carefully before you decide where and how to cross the river. Rivers in mountainous areas are usually fast-flowing, with low water temperature and uneven riverbed. When crossing the river, in order to keep your body balanced, you should support it in the upstream direction of the water, or hold a stone weighing 15 ~ 20kg. When crossing in groups, three or four people can line up and hold each other's shoulders, with the strongest body in the upstream direction.

Third, the method of collecting and catching food.

There are two main ways to get food in the wild. One is hunting wild animals, and the other is collecting wild plants.

To hunt wild animals, we must first understand their habitats and grasp their life rules, and then adopt methods such as pressure catching, trapping, trapping and shooting. This needs to be mastered through long-term training and practice under the guidance of experts. Here is a brief introduction to the species and eating methods of edible insects and edible wild plants.

At present, people all over the world are eating snails, earthworms, ants, cicadas, cockroaches, crickets, butterflies, grasshoppers, lake flies, spiders and mantis. Although people are not used to eating insects, and even feel disgusted, they don't try in order to maintain their lives, combat effectiveness and complete their tasks as a last resort. However, it should be noted that it should be cooked or roasted thoroughly to prevent parasites in insects from entering the human body and causing poisoning or illness.

Common edible insects are locusts; Baked, boiled and fried with soy sauce; Mantis: Roast or stir-fry after removing wings, or cook. Dragonfly: eat after dry frying: cicada: eat raw or dry frying, and larvae can also be eaten; Scolopendra: dry fried, but it tastes bad; Anoplophora longicorn: larvae can be eaten raw or roasted; Ant: fried food, delicious; Spider: remove feet to bake food; Termites: they can be eaten raw or fried; Dendrolimus punctatus: baked food.

Edible wild plants include edible wild fruits, wild vegetables, algae, lichens, mushrooms and so on. The identification of edible wild plants is the main content of bottom-up knowledge in this field. China has a vast territory and is suitable for all kinds of plants, of which about 2,000 are edible. Common edible wild fruits in China are: Vitis amurensis, Sapium sebiferum, Blackberry, Seabuckthorn, Torchwood, Myrtle, Elaeagnus Elaeagnus, Vaccinium bracteatum, Phyllanthus emblica and so on. Especially wild chestnuts, coconuts and papaya are easy to identify and are good food for emergency survival. Common wild vegetables are bitter herbs, dandelion, houttuynia cordata, purslane, thorn grass, shepherd's purse, wild amaranth, broom, water chestnut, lotus, reed, moss and so on. Wild vegetables can be eaten raw, fried, boiled or soaked in boiling water.

But the average person needs to be trained for a certain period of time under the guidance of experts to master this knowledge. Here is a simple method to identify the toxicity of wild plants in case of emergency. Usually cut a small hole in the collected plants, put a pinch of salt, and then carefully observe whether to change the original color. Usually, discolored plants are inedible.

Fourth, the method of obtaining drinking water.

There are usually two ways to get drinking water: one is to dig underground water, and the other is to purify surface water. We only introduce the method of obtaining drinking water from surface water.

Rainwater can be drunk directly at ordinary times. When it rains, you can use ponchos and plastic sheets to collect rainwater in large quantities, or you can use containers such as empty cans, cups and helmets to collect rainwater.

In the absence of reliable drinking water and inspection equipment, the quality of water can be roughly identified according to its color, taste, temperature and traces. Pure water is colorless and transparent when the water layer is shallow and pale blue when the water layer is deep. You can use glass or white porcelain to hold water for observation. Generally speaking, the clearer the water, the better the quality. The muddy the water, the more impurities there are. Generally, clean water is tasteless, while polluted water often has some peculiar smell. The surface water temperature changes with the change of air temperature, and the shallow groundwater is less affected by air temperature, while the deep groundwater temperature is low and constant. If the sampled water does not conform to these laws, the water quality is generally problematic. In addition, you can also use a piece of white paper to dry the water droplets on it and observe the water traces. Clean water is spotless. If there are spots, it means that there are impurities in the water and the water quality is poor.

In the wild, it is best not to drink water from weeds, but to drink clear water from cliffs or rocks. When drinking water from rivers or lakes, you can dig a small pit in the sand at a distance of 0/~ 2 meters from the water's edge. The water seeping out of the pit is cleaner than the water directly extracted from rivers and lakes.

In the wild, drinking water disinfection tablets, bleaching powder tablets and alum can all be used to purify water. Under the guidance of experts, some wild plants containing mucus can also be used to purify water. Remember, no matter how much you drink, don't drink unclean water. Boil water only as a last resort.

Five, the scene common injury prevention and treatment

Prevention and treatment of mosquito bites: In order to prevent mosquito bites in the wild, people should wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, tie up cuffs and necklines, and apply anti-mosquito drugs to exposed parts of the skin. Don't sit and lie in damp shade and grass. When camping, burn mugwort leaves, Artemisia annua, cypress leaves, wild chrysanthemums and so on. Drive away insects. After being bitten by insects, you can apply ammonia, soapy water, salt water, baking soda water and zinc oxide ointment to the affected area for disinfection.

Leeches are very harmful insects. Don't pull it out when you meet a leech bite. You can pat it with your hand or drop soap, salt water, tobacco oil and alcohol on its front sucker, or burn it with a burning cigarette end to make it fall off, then press the wound to stop bleeding and apply iodine to the wound to prevent infection. When the troops March, they should always check whether there are leeches crawling on their feet. If you put some soap and anti-mosquito oil on the vamp, you can prevent leeches from climbing up. The effective time of one brushing is about 4~8 hours. In addition, applying garlic juice to shoes, socks and trousers can also drive away leeches.

Faint: Most of the fainting in the wild is due to falls, excessive fatigue, excessive hunger and other reasons. The main manifestations are sudden pallor, weak and slow pulse and loss of consciousness. In this case, there is no need to panic. I usually wake up after a while. Drink some hot water after waking up and pay attention to rest.

Poisoning: Its symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache and heart weakness. In this case, you should first wash your stomach, drink plenty of water quickly, touch your throat with your fingers to cause vomiting, then eat laxatives such as castor oil to clear your intestines, then eat antidotes such as activated carbon, and drink plenty of water to accelerate excretion. In order to ensure the normal beating of the heart, we should drink some sugar water and strong tea to warm our feet and send them to the hospital for treatment immediately.

Heatstroke: Its symptoms are sudden dizziness, nausea, coma, anhidrosis or wet cold, dilated pupils and high fever. Often drink before the onset of dizziness, general weakness, black eyes. At this point, Qing immediately lay flat in a cool and ventilated place, untied her underwear belt, relaxed her whole body, and then took ten drops of water and other drugs. When you have a fever, you can use cold water or cold compress to dissipate heat. If you are unconscious, you can pinch Renzhong point and Herong point to wake it up.

Frostbite: If the skin is found to be red, white, cold and hard, etc. Should be rubbed with hands or dry velvet steps to promote blood circulation and reduce frostbite. For mild frostbite, rubbing with pepper soaked in wine can be effective. If your body is frozen stiff, don't immediately carry the injured person into a warm room. Rub your limbs first and do artificial respiration. After the injured person regained consciousness, he went to a warmer place for rescue.

Sting: After the wound is bitten by poisonous insects such as scorpions, centipedes and wasps, it becomes red, swollen and itchy, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and dizziness. Squeeze out the venom first, and then wipe the wound with soapy water, ammonia water, tobacco oil, vinegar, etc. Or mashed with purslane, juiced and taken for external use by Standard Chartered. Snails can also be washed and mashed and applied to wounds. In addition, garlic juice is effective for centipede bites.

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