What are the main parts of 8 1 automatic rifle 10? Correct answer:10 Q.

8 1 gun family is the development task assigned by 1979, 198 1 design finalized, 1983 officially put into mass production. Its development goal is to replace Type 56 semi-automatic rifle, Type 56 assault rifle and Type 56 light machine gun with class gun family, but still use Type 56 7.62mm bullets. As 1978 officially decided that our country will adopt small-caliber automatic rifles with 5.8mm caliber in the future, the purpose of developing 8 1 gun family is to provide a transitional weapon before equipping small-caliber rifles. However, it has been proved by actual combat that the 8 1 gun family is a weapon with excellent performance, good precision, reliable action and simple operation and maintenance, and it has performed well in the front battle of Laoshan.

8 1 gun family includes squad light machine guns and automatic rifles. In automatic rifles, 8 1 automatic rifles with fixed wooden brackets and 8 1- 1 automatic rifles with folded metal brackets are used. All kinds of guns have the same basic structure. Automata, recoil mechanism, firing mechanism, air guide system and ammunition supply can be used interchangeably among guns in the family, and the general rate reaches 70% together with other parts.

Another feature of the 8 1 rifle is that the front end of the quasi-constellation has an extra barrel for firing grenades than the AK47 family. However, the design unit did ignore that the design of muzzle fire-proof cap is more practical and beneficial in terms of use probability. Moreover, the aiming baseline of the 8 1 rifle is relatively short, but the shooting accuracy is better than that of the 56-type assault rifle, which should be related to its longer barrel, manufacturing accuracy, factory year and better maintenance. 8 1 Rifles have provided military assistance to African countries.

8 1 automatic rifle was designed in the early 1970s, and 198 1 design was finalized. Including 8 1 7.62mm rifle (wooden butt), 8 1- 1 7.62mm rifle (folding butt) and 865438+. The main structures of these three weapons are the same, and about 65 parts are interchangeable. The appearance of this kind of gun family basically adapts to the development trend of multi-purpose with one gun, serialization of gun family and generalization of ammunition in the world today, which greatly facilitates the training, use and maintenance of troops, not only strengthens the combat effectiveness of combat teams, but also provides conditions for changing guns and enhancing firepower. 8 1 gun family has the advantages of good shooting accuracy, flexible action, light weight, short gun body, simple and compact structure, convenient carrying with a gun, good maneuverability, fierce firepower, long service life, multi-purpose with one gun, and most parts such as drums and magazines can be interchanged among guns of the gun family. The whole gun is beautiful and generous in appearance. Since 1983, the equipment of the whole army has been completely replaced with Type 56 weapon, which is the official equipment of our army at present. The automatic mode of the gun is air conduction, and the bolt is rotationally locked. It can be fired in single shot and continuous shot, with 30 magazines of ammunition, and the initial velocity of warhead is 720 m/s. The fixed rifle Grenade launcher can fire 60mm anti-tank rifle grenades from empty bullets or 40mm rifle Grenade series with live ammunition.

The success of 8 1 gun family marks a new step in the demonstration, design, development and production of China's light weapons industry.

However, everything has two sides. 8 1 Gunzu also revealed the lack of innovative application of new structures, new technologies and new materials, and even looked very similar to Type 56 assault rifles. This is a serious shortage of 8 1 gun family. The achievements and experience of 8 1 gun family, especially the innovative invention of barrel opening, have created conditions for the new research and development of rifles.

Diameter: 7.62 mm

Initial speed: 750m/s

Gun weight: 3.4kg/3.5kg.

Gun length: 955mm (81)/730mm (81-1).

Ammunition quantity: 30

Effective range: 400 meters

It is fatal within 2000 meters.

8 1 gun family is a transitional gun type that needs to be designed in a short time. All of them adopt mature technology and design, and adopt short-stroke piston air guide system. Other structures are similar to Type 56 assault rifle. 8 1 rifle has a total length of 950mm and a barrel length of 440mm, which is between Type 56 semi-automatic rifle and Type 56 assault rifle.

8 1 rifle is the basic gun of gun family, and its main parts must be interchanged with 8 1 light machine gun, so the life of parts must meet the life requirement of machine gun (20,000 rounds), but the weight of rifle should not be too heavy. The service life of Type 56 assault rifle is set as 10000 rounds after the structure of punching and riveting machine box is changed, which is difficult to guarantee, and cracks often appear at the root of locking shoulder of connecting sleeve; Because the locking part structure of 8 1 rifle is basically the same as that of 56-type assault rifle, it is also a punching and riveting situation, so the locking shoulder position of the sleeve must be the weakest link to meet the service life requirement of 20,000 rounds. The remedial measures are: changing the assembly form of pre-rotating lining iron on the connecting sleeve, maintaining the integrity of the locking part, not weakening the strength of the locking shoulder root, and strengthening the transverse and longitudinal connection between the right locking surface of the connecting sleeve and its base.

The movement and locking of automata directly affect the shooting accuracy of weapons, especially the point-and-shoot accuracy. In order to improve the shooting accuracy of 8 1 gun family, some comprehensive measures are taken around automata. Strengthen the guidance of the movement of the automaton, and put the length of the frame guide rail together with the auxiliary guide rail back to the original position. The total length is 1 10mm, and the corresponding length between the nose bar and the gun rack is 70mm, so that the locking state of each bullet is as consistent as possible. The distance between the shell guide rail, the compound spring, the piston and the center line of the barrel is also closer. The distance between the compound spring and the piston and the center of the barrel is18.5 mm (the punch 56 is 25mm), and the guide rail of the shell is located 6mm above the center of the barrel, close to the center of the piston and the compound spring, which makes the automaton move smoothly, reduces the center of mass of the moving parts and reduces the action of the couple. Reduce the impact in motion and prevent the vibration of the whole gun from affecting the shooting accuracy. The movement of the bolt is 130mm(56/2 is 100mm), so as to ensure the proper energy for the automatic mechanism to retract, control the reasonable firing frequency, and make the front and rear impact surfaces as close to the center of the barrel as possible and symmetrical. But the distance between the trigger holder and the magazine seat is too long, and the appearance is not beautiful enough.

Excessive energy of the automaton will lead to serious impact on the automaton, which will affect the shooting accuracy and the service life of the parts. The energy is too small to meet the reliability requirements. Therefore, the 8 1 model adopts an air guide system with adjustment function. Under normal circumstances, small air holes (? 0? 12. 1), the firing rate is 600~700 rpm, and the speed of automatic machine returning to position is not more than 2.5 m/s, even if the back is not in place, it will not affect the action of the mechanism within 30 mm When shooting in harsh environmental conditions, use large air holes (? 0? 14.2), give enough energy to overcome the excessive resistance caused by sandstorm, cold and dirt, and ensure the reliable work of automata. When launching rifle grenades, in order to make all the gas energy act on the Grenade launch, it is necessary to close the air hole and the automaton cannot move. Type 56 assault rifle has no air hole adjustment device, only one type of large air hole (? 0? 14.5), the gun collided violently from beginning to end, which ensured the reliability of the action, but affected the shooting accuracy and the life of the whole gun.

8 1 air guide system is simple in structure and easy to assemble and disassemble. First, put the piston and the adjusting plug together, then put them into the guide cover, and take them out backwards when they are removed. The positioning of the air hole for adjusting the size of the plug leans against the inner container of the protective sleeve, which plays the role of a spring leaf, is simple and reliable, and has multiple purposes. When replacing the adjusting plug, insert the bottom edge of the cartridge case into the T-shaped groove of the adjusting plug, and move the cartridge case so that the T-shaped groove of the adjusting plug is aligned with 0 (closed air), 1 (small air hole) and 2 (large air hole). This adjustment method avoids the trouble of adjusting with special tools. On the battlefield, soldiers can do it at any time when they need to adjust the air holes. After a large number of projectiles, the stomata will not heat up.

The disadvantage of 8 1 air guide system is that it requires strict clearance between air guide hoop, adjusting plug and piston. If the gap is too small, it is not flexible; Excessive clearance will affect energy. The moving speed of automaton is not enough, which is called gap sensitivity. Therefore, the fit clearance should be strictly controlled in production, and it should be wiped normally in use to remove residues and ensure elasticity.

The 8 1 firing mechanism is still a 56-hole rotary hammer, and the iron resistance is a hook form, but it is simpler than the 56-hole transmitter. The hammer, the repeater and the iron block are respectively inserted into the chassis with three identical shafts, and the three shafts are fixed on the chassis with cards, which cannot be separated. The cards are fixed by the reducer, so it is very convenient to disassemble and assemble the transmitter, and it can be disassembled on the battlefield without any special tools. The shift handle of the reducer is on the left side of the gearbox, above the grip, with "0" for safety, "1" for single shot and "2" for continuous shooting. When changing, you can hold the grip with your right thumb, which is fast and convenient. However, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions for use, and it is not allowed to pull the trigger insurance, otherwise it will become a continuous state if the insurance is opened again (but how many people will pull the trigger insurance).

The aiming system is a sight and ruler, and the door is a gap. The rifle aiming baseline is 3 15mm long, the sight is 40mm high, and the scale is 1 ~ 5 yards. The aiming baseline of the machine gun is 490mm long, and the gauge is divided into 1 ~ 7 yards, of which 6 yards and 7 yards need to be aimed with the gap on the wing of the gauge plate. The height of the gauge is located by the multi-plane axis transformation of the gauge wheel. When changing the yard height, it can be realized by rotating the gauge wheel or the gauge limit wheel. Both hands can bind the ruler, and the two sides of the ruler board are protected by the lugs of the ruler seat to prevent the ruler board from being touched, pressed and damaged. There is a wing above the gauge gap, and its shape is shown in the right:

Over the years, the army has been reflecting that 56 punches and 56 and a half gauge feet are exposed. When holding a gun, it is easy to grind the ridge of the gauge on the clothes, which affects the aiming. Although the problem is small, it has not been solved. 8 1 added this wing, which solved this problem and covered the reflection of the gauge ridge, so that it could aim more clearly. A fast aiming system consists of a strip groove formed between the blade guard plate and the blade ridge and a aiming mirror ring. In an emergency, just aim the wing guard groove of the ruler at the target on the guard ring of the sight, which is fast and accurate and is very popular with soldiers.

Gauge and its wing

The faceted shaft of the gauge also has the function of pressing the upper protective cover. When the meter turns to code 0, it can be disassembled and combined with the upper protective cover. In order to prevent the gauge wheel from turning to code 0 by mistake when the converted gauge size is large, the upper protective cover is removed by itself, and there is a limit wheel at the other end (left side) of the polygonal shaft of the gauge. When removing the upper protective cover, the gauge wheel or gauge limit wheel must be moved transversely to make it turn to 0 yard.

Ammunition supply is a magazine or drum made of steel plate. The conventional equipment is that the rifle is equipped with five 30-round magazines, the machine gun is equipped with four 75-round magazines, and the other 20 magazines are used for normal duty. Rifles and machine guns are completely interchangeable.

The structure of the 75-shot fast-loading cartridge is a flat cylinder for loading ammunition, and one side of the circumference is equipped with an outlet in the shape of a magazine mouth. When supplying bullets, the scroll spring installed in the barrel drives the thumbwheel to rotate, so that the bullets rotate along the spiral track in the barrel, are sent to the bullet outlet in turn, and are pushed out of the barrel by the bolt machine and fired. Thanks to the ejector on the thumb wheel, all 75 bullets in the drum can be loaded and fired.