How much do you know about the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Shanghai?

The Spring Festival has lasted for thousands of years in China, and it is a day that people all over the country attach great importance to. For Shanghainese, it is no exception. The Spring Festival usually begins on the first day of the first month, and Shanghai enters the atmosphere of the Spring Festival from the 23rd of the twelfth month. So, how do Shanghainese spend the Spring Festival? What are the special Spring Festival customs in Shanghai? Let's get to know each other with Bian Xiao.

People who have worked hard for a year have been busy having a good Spring Festival since the 23rd day of the lunar calendar1February. The day and night on the 13th or 24th day of the twelfth lunar month are collectively called "twenty-four nights".

According to legend, this day is the day when the kitchen god goes to heaven, and there is a folk custom of sending the kitchen god to heaven. On this night, people use "rolling silver bags" (cooked with vegetables, arrowheads and tofu, and then wrapped in leather paper), "Twenty-four incense" and red bean rice as sacrificial food, light incense sticks to worship the kitchen god, prepare paper money, tie colorful bridges, kowtow to worship, then set off firecrackers, and put a statue of the kitchen god (commonly known as "happy string") with a front curtain.

After 24 nights, every household is getting more and more busy, cleaning up inside and outside, commonly known as dusting eaves, washing bedding, brewing wine, frying peanuts and broad beans and purchasing food. People in urban and rural areas on the island generally grind steamed cakes, and this custom has continued to this day. Because "cake" and "high" are homophonic, people are looking for a kind of oral color that is high every year. There are different ways to make cakes in different parts of the country. Steamed sponge cake is the main sand, steamed sticky cake is in the middle area and steamed sole cake is the main sand. Poor families use sorghum flour and white jade rice as the main raw materials for steamed cakes.

In addition, people should prepare some things, such as tin foil, paper money, incense sticks, gold ingots, tea and fruits, as sacrifices to God. A few days before New Year's Eve, people will put up new Spring Festival couplets, hang up their ancestors, hang their portraits on the main wall of nave, arrange sacrifices, and burn incense at the time of New Year's Eve to let the younger generation pay a New Year call. Before New Year's Eve, people also play hoarding, that is, they put lime in sacks and print it on the ground, hoping that Man Cang will have a bumper harvest in the coming year. These activities are gone now. Some farmers also put the garbage and useless chores and weeds in the city into the field and set them on fire in order to be auspicious and safe in the coming year.

Lunar New Year's Eve is celebrated on December 30th, commonly known as New Year's Eve. On this day, all the new year's furnishings are properly arranged, such as writing Spring Festival couplets and putting up doors. In the evening, the whole family, old and young, get together for dinner, and the food is much richer than usual. The main course is cooked with Chinese cabbage and tofu, and wrapped in venetian blinds, which is called rolling money bundle, to show that the financial resources will come in the coming year. This evening is the happiest day for children, because parents and elders give lucky money. In the old society, this day was very difficult for people who had no money. According to the old rules, when the debts were paid off, they could not be collected at the end of the year. They can't be forced to collect debts before the lights are turned off in early February, so the creditors send people to collect debts everywhere, and those who can't pay their debts have to hide around until the first day of the new year. Therefore, there used to be a saying that "grain farmers are young and strong, but they are sad when they have no money."

Open the door, set off firecrackers and start the New Year. The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, commonly known as the Spring Festival. The first thing every household does in the early morning of 2008 is to set off firecrackers, which is called "opening the door". Its original intention is to exorcise evil spirits, and later it means to open the door and make a fortune. During the Spring Festival, adults and children all put on new clothes and dress neatly, and the whole family sits around the dining table. * * * Breakfast is very rich, mainly vegetarian, with glutinous rice balls (rice balls) and sugar rice cakes to show family reunion. Breakfast is also mixed with a bowl of red bean rice for 24 nights, commonly known as "old rice", which means a good meal every other year.

After breakfast, the children greet their neighbors, relatives and elders one after another. There are many taboos on the first day of the first month. You can't use knives, splash water, go to the water bridge to wash rice, sweep the floor, open the back door, move firewood, swear, hit people, stay up too late and so on. Even the firewood for cooking should be put in the furnace hall with sesame stalks and soybean stalks, making a crackling sound. The brighter the fire, the more auspicious it is, which indicates that everything will be fine this year. In addition, on the morning of the third and fifth day of each year, every family should make breakfast and light incense before meals, hoping that the whole family will be prosperous and safe.

In the past, when the Spring Festival came, there were more beggars. There is a beggar who begs not because his family is poor, but because of filial piety. It is said that there is a death gate for the elderly to live to 998 1 year-old, and only by eating "100 meals" can they spend it safely. Therefore, filial sons and daughters take the elderly out to beg for food for their parents on the first day of the new year. There is also a beggar, commonly known as a beggar. The way they beg is interesting. Some beggars wrap vegetable heads in red paper and hang them on bamboo poles. Every time they come to a house, they say that the vegetable head has arrived, business is good, and they ask for charity. This is called "delivering vegetable heads".

Some cows are made of paper and bamboo silk. In order to give alms, they say good words and auspicious words in front of each house. This is called "sending spring cattle"; Some people hold branches of holly or cypress and hang some small bells on the branches to show that their families will be like cash cows in the new year. This is called a "cash cow"; Some corporate beggars, wearing Buddhist shirts, statues and masks, disguised as the God of Wealth, rushed into the houses of various households to show that the God of Wealth had come. This is the so-called "jumping God of Wealth". Chongming people lived in poverty in the old society, but when they met these beggars, they were still charitable and gave them some food such as dry food. After liberation, these ways of doing business have long since disappeared.

In the early morning of the second day of the Lunar New Year, all shops and craftsmen have to burn incense and worship God. This is the so-called "burning profit festival". At noon 10, the shopkeeper also held wine to entertain the clerk, praying for a prosperous business in the new year. According to legend, the fifth day of the New Year is the birthday of the God of Wealth. All the shops in the streets are open for business. On this day, every household eats wonton at noon to show wealth. In addition, there are wooden plays (now known as puppet shows) in China. From the first day to the fifth day, every family visits relatives and friends, wishes each other a happy New Year and presents each other. During the period, the incense in the temple was far more vigorous than usual. Especially on the morning of New Year's Day, there are many people who go to temples to burn incense and worship Buddha, and they are very early. In order to catch the first incense, Shouan Temple outside the city and Guangfu Temple in Zhongxing Town are the most lively places.

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