What are the architectural features of the corner building and the southeast corner building of the Forbidden City in Beijing?

Ancient astronomers in China divided the stars in the sky into three constellations, twenty-eight constellations and other constellations.

These three walls include Qiu wall, Wei Zi wall and Shi Tian wall. Wei Zi City Wall is in the middle of three walls, living in the center of the sky, and their position is eternal. Therefore, people say "Wei Zi is in the middle" and become a constellation representing heaven and earth.

The Heavenly Palace where the Emperor of Heaven lives is called the Purple Palace. Therefore, heaven and man correspond. Because it is called both "Purple Palace" and "Forbidden Area", the palace where the emperor lived is called "Forbidden City".

After the third emperor of Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, Judy decided to move the capital to Beijing. Later, the construction of the Forbidden City began in 1406 and was finally completed in 1420.

At the four corners of the Forbidden City wall, stands a nine-ridge turret. These four turrets are collectively called the Forbidden City turrets, which not only constitute a strict protection line, but also form a closed lifestyle of the Forbidden City.

The turret is beautifully shaped, exquisite and beautiful, with a resplendent treasure top, golden glazed tiles on the three-story cornice, scarlet columns and window sashes, and blue-green color paintings, which reflect each other and interweave together, adding a sense of beauty and magic.

Surprisingly, the structure of the turret is complex and chaotic. It has thousands of components, which are connected by mortises and tenons and perfectly assembled together. This is really a masterpiece. The architecture is very eye-catching.

The biggest feature of the turret of the Forbidden City is that it is completely in the form of a wooden frame bucket arch. The turret is clean, without columns, stairs and floors.

The turret is built on the city wall. A huge building is not supported by nails or other metals. It adopts three kinds of inclined building roofs, and the roof has 8 strands and 9 ridges, which means that the roof consists of 8972 ridges.

The upturned cornices are layered on top of each other, which is very spectacular. This building has a history of more than 500 years in China, and they are still intact after hundreds of years of historical changes.

The complex and gorgeous architectural structure of the turret is said to have embarrassed carpenters when it was built in the Ming Dynasty. There is a legend in the history of the turret: It is said that Judy, the prince of the Ming Dynasty, wanted to move to Beijing after becoming Emperor Yongle in Nanjing. Because Beijing was his old place when he was a prince, he sent a trusted minister to Beijing to build a palace.

Judy told the minister that four watchtowers with particularly beautiful appearance should be built on the outer wall of the palace, that is, at the four corners of the Forbidden City. Each watchtower should have nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges, and he was appointed Minister of Water Heating.

After receiving the imperial edict from the emperor, the minister of plumbing was very worried and didn't know how to build this watchtower with nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges.

When he arrived in Beijing, he called the foremen and carpenters of the 8 1 big contractor's wood factory, told them the emperor's will, and told them to build these four grotesque turrets as scheduled within three months.

The foreman and carpenter are not sure about such a project, so they often have to think of ways together.

The three-month deadline is coming in a blink of an eye. The foreman and carpenter are thinking hard, but they still have no clue. They made many styles, but none of them was suitable, and everyone was in a hurry.

At the right time, it is dog days. It's too hot for people to breathe. Besides, they are bored, and the foreman and carpenter can't sit still. One of the carpenters was really uncomfortable and went for a walk in the street.

As he walked, he heard the sound of slugs in the distance, and then he heard the screams of selling slugs: "Buy slugs, listen, can't sleep, go and relieve boredom!" " Looking closer, I saw an old man carrying a lot of grasshopper cages made of sorghum stalks and selling them along the street. Among them, there is a fruit cage made of high-quality sorghum stalks, which is as exquisite as a pavilion in the painting, and there are several fruits in it.

The carpenter thought, it's annoying anyway. I can't live. I bought a beautiful cage, which looked interesting, so I bought it.

When the carpenter returned to the construction site with a cage of slugs, everyone came to accuse the carpenter, saying that he shouldn't buy such things that kept barking and disturb everyone's rest. Originally, the carpenter wanted to invite everyone over to play and relieve boredom, but before the words came out, he felt that the cage was a special thing.

So he studied the cage carefully and curiously counted the beams, columns and ridges of the cage over and over again. Everyone was fascinated by his number. They looked at him quietly and there was no sound at all.

After counting the cages, the carpenter jumped up and patted his thigh and said, "Isn't this the seventy-two ridges of nine beams, eighteen columns?" Everyone was very happy to hear that. This one took over several cages, and that one took over several cages. They all said, "This is really a castle with nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges." It turned out that their professionalism touched the carpenter's grandfather Lu Ban, so Lu Ban appeared in front of the carpenter with a cage made of sorghum poles.

Inspired by this cage, the carpenter suddenly realized that he finally figured out the appearance of the Forbidden City turret in the process of imitating the cage, scalded out pulp to make patterns, and finally built a beautifully built Forbidden City turret.

The turret of the Forbidden City is a polygonal building with four convex planes. The roof has three floors, the top of which is the top of Europe. It consists of a hill with two slopes suspended and a hall with four slopes. Because this roof has nine main roofs, it is called Nine Ridges Hall.

The middle floor adopts the way of "hooking", and the roof in the center and the rest of the mountain surrounded by surrounding buildings form an arch, just like the stars arch the moon.

The lower eave is a circle of waist eaves at the top of the slope, which makes the five roofs on the upper two floors form a composite whole. Because of the harmonious proportion of all parts of the turret, beautiful eaves and exquisite and unique shapes, it has become the symbol of the Forbidden City, which makes people surprise, admire and admire.

As a part of the Forbidden City, the turret of the Forbidden City, together with the city wall, the gatehouse and the moat, belongs to the defense facilities of the Forbidden City Palace. Built in 1420, rebuilt in Qing dynasty.

The tower is located on Mount Sumi, surrounded by a stone fence. There are three square pavilions in the middle, each with a width of 8.73 meters, and there is a Baoxia in the four-sided bay. The terrain near the outside of the city wall is cramped, so the depth under the fort is only 1.60 meters, while the depth under the fort inside the city wall is wider, increasing to 3.98 meters. The plane becomes a cross-shaped roof with intersecting midpoints, including craftsmen of curved square buildings to make turrets.

From the ground under the pier to the top of the turret, the turret is 27.50 meters high. It consists of a composite roof and some rest hills, covered with yellow glazed tiles, with 9 beams, 18 columns and 72 ridges. The top of the eaves is the rest peak, surrounded by mountains, and the bronze gilded treasure top is treated with intersecting ridges.

Under the eaves, put a single stick on it and step on the bucket seven times. On the second floor, there is a mansion leaning on the mountain on each side of the eaves, and there is a vertical ridge on each corner, and many corners overlap each other, forming a monoclinic and single-warped five-step structure.

Under the eaves, the waist eaves are semi-inclined, and the four corners are vertical ridges, and the surrounding ridges are connected. Under the eaves, they become warped again and step on the bucket. In fact, the lower eaves and the second eaves are a kind of roof form with double eaves and vertical ridges on both sides.

The cross beam of the turret is decorated with square ink lines with colorful paintings with large gold spirals, and the doors and sill windows of three-way and six-way rhombic flowers are extremely beautiful. The turret adopts column reduction method, and four columns are reduced indoors to expand the utilization space. The building frame adopts the stripping method, and the beam head under the eaves is not exposed, which makes the appearance more prominent in decorative effect.

During the orthodox period, in addition to building towers, urns and watchtowers in Jiumen, Beijing, the Ming Dynasty began to build watchtowers at the four corners of the Beijing city wall in 1436, which was called the city corner watchtower, or "watchtower" for short.

Since then, although it has been repaired throughout the ages. But the only thing that has survived is the Arrow Tower in the southeast corner of Beijing, commonly known as the "Southeast Corner Tower".

The southeast corner building is located inside the intersection of Jianguomen South Street and Chongwenmen East Street in Beijing. Built in 1436 and completed in 1439. It is the only and largest corner building in China.

Built on the corner platform, the height is 12m, the bottom side is 39.45m, the top side is 15m, and the building height is 17m. The plane is square, with a total height of 29m.

Turrets are built along the outer edge of the platform. Surrounded by brick walls, resting on the top of the mountain, double eaves. The two ridges cross at the corner. The gray tile is inlaid with green glass, and the green glass is ribbed to decorate the animal's head. There are 144 arrow windows on all sides. It is an ancient military defense building, named after it is located in the southeast corner of the inner city of Beijing.

On the inside of the turret, the back of the turret is surrounded by the main building, and it is also connected to form a corner room with two doors, one facing west and the other facing north. There are straight windows on the door. There are 20 gold pillars, supporting beams, setting archery holes and laying three floors in the building. The building area of the whole building exceeds 700 square meters.