What is the relationship between Chai Rong and Zhao Kuangyin?

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Since the regicide of Zhu Wen, the world has fallen apart and fallen into a situation of separatist regions. In just 53 years, the change of power has been going on like a lantern. This era is an era of military competition. After Zhu Wen replaced the Tang Dynasty, the seemingly central government ceased to exist, and various forces did whatever they wanted. In decades of wars, intrigues, bloodshed and killings, imperial power, which has always been supreme and inviolable, has become something that everyone can snatch as long as they have military power and strength.

In this turbulent era, a pair of striking Gemini appeared, and two young people who worked side by side to open up the world in troubled times lit up one history book after another!

Chai Rong, Gui Jun (92 1-959), was the adopted son of Guo Wei, an envoy of the later Han and Tang Dynasties. He came from a humble background and followed Guo Wei since childhood. He went to the battlefield at the age of fifteen and experienced many battles.

In the second year of the late Tang Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty (February 26th, 927), Zhao Kuangyin was born in a military family in Luoyang. 2 1 year-old, in order to find opportunities to make contributions, he traveled far away.

In 950 AD, 23-year-old Zhao Kuangyin met 29-year-old Chai Rong and went with him to the Yedu Guo Wei Army in the north. In a series of battles, the two men established a brotherly friendship.

In 95 1 year, Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor, and all his family (including his two sons) were killed, making Chai Rong the prince.

In 954, Guo Wei died of illness and Chai Rong acceded to the throne at the age of 33. Change the title to show virtue, known as Zhou Shizong in history. Acceded to the throne that year, the northern separatist forces-the northern Han Dynasty immediately joined the Khitan invasion, and Chai Rong pushed his way through the crowd. He was appointed head coach and led a total victory. After the war, he showed no mercy to all kinds of problems in the army exposed in the war, and ordered Zhao Kuangyin to carry out drastic reorganization of the army, which greatly enhanced the combat effectiveness of the army. At the same time, Zhao's prestige in the army also rose rapidly.

From 955 to 959, the Later Zhou Dynasty launched a large-scale foreign war, and successively conquered Xishu, Nantang, Beihan and Qidan. Almost every time I fight in Zhou Shizong, I fight in person, and I fight at the front. On the other hand, Zhao Kuangyin constantly established his merits and power in repeated battles and became a famous general in the later Zhou Dynasty.

In 959 AD, Chai Rong made his fifth personal expedition. He aimed his troops at the enemy in the north, the Khitan. Zhao Kuangyin led the army with him. Occupy yannan prefecture on the 42nd day after the war. However, when capturing Youzhou, Chai Rong suddenly became seriously ill, and Zhou Jun was forced to return to Li.

On June 29th, 1959, Chai Rong died at the Long Live Hall in the Zhou Dynasty at sunset, at the age of thirty-eight. On his deathbed, Chai Zongxun, the 7-year-old eldest son, was made a prince, entrusted the country to Fan Ju, Wang Fu was the prime minister, and entrusted the military power to his righteous brother Zhao Kuangyin.

In 960, on New Year's Day, the seventh year of Xiande, the army that lost its British Lord was in urgent need of a strong leader. The sergeant defected at the Chen Qiao Post Station and put Zhao Kuangyin in a yellow robe. Zhao Kuangyin led the army back to the DPRK, forcing the young emperor Chai Zongxun to give way, so he proclaimed himself emperor and changed Gan Yuan to virtue. At that time, Zhao Kuangyin was 33 years old. Later, Zhao demoted Zhou to abolish the emperor.

In 976, nine years after the treasure was opened, Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly, leaving only the legend of "the shadow of a candle axe".

Historical facts about "stone tablets"

A 7-year-old child, in this turbulent era, how can he stay on the throne only by his own ancestry and without the support of any powerful faction (especially the military)? There is no doubt that after Chai Rong's death, Zhao Kuangyin was the only person who could unify the world at that time. His accession to the throne was not only the result of the establishment of the army at that time, but also the inevitable choice of history.

However, the problem is that he and Chai Rong have (or used to have) brotherly feelings. It is unreasonable for him to seize power from the orphans of his brothers who fought side by side in the past. "Take the world from orphans and widows", what kind of notoriety will history give him! Besides, it was taken from his brother's orphan!

The founding emperor of the Song Dynasty was trapped in guilt and guilt. He finally figured out a way to atone. Thus, there is the legend of "Shibei".

Zhao Kuangyin made an ancestral motto: All the emperors in the Song Dynasty must kneel in front of the memorial tablet and recite the oath on the tablet, and never disobey it from generation to generation. However, hundreds of years later, the content of the oath tablet was not known to the world until the Jinbing army invaded Kaifeng. There are only a few lines on the oath tablet:

"Don't kill the literati;

"All the sons of wood, guilty. Even if there is a big sin of rebellion, you can't implicate the whole family. You can only be executed in prison, not in the city.

"I won't bless those who don't follow this training!"

Sure enough, the oath was kept by the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, and the descendants of Chai were well taken care of. There was no tragedy in which the whole family of the previous generation was killed, which was common in general dynasties. (Actually, Chai Jin, the "little whirlwind" in the forest, is a descendant of Chai. Many Liangshan heroes were taken in his mansion, which was the "iron coupon of Dan Shu" given to him by Song Taizu-the gold medal to avoid death. )

Of course, Zhao Kuangyin's approach is also very clever, which not only appeases the royal family of the previous dynasty, but also shows his magnanimity to the people all over the world. No wonder Tanaka gave him a "very wise" evaluation.

Two or three things in Zhou Shizong Chai Rong's life

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin's deeds are widely known. However, here I would like to introduce the little-known Zhou Shizong Chai Rong.

Zhou Shizong Chai Rong (92 1-959) came from a humble background, and he entered the power center only because his aunt married Guo Wei, who later became the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty. /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/5, became a general at the age of 24 and became an emperor at the age of 33. However, he died after only seven years in office. During his reign, his wisdom and Mr. Xie were amazing, and he was called "the first wise king of the Five Dynasties" in history.

In 955, Chai Rong sent Zhao Kuangyin to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty. Because Liu Ren Toad, the commander of Nantang, did his duty, and could not attack for a long time, Zhou Jun besieged the city for a year and repeatedly repelled Nantang reinforcements outside the city. Liu Ren Toad knew that he couldn't keep Shouzhou, and he had a stroke because of anxiety. People were carried out of the city to surrender to Zhou Jun. When Chai Rong saw Liu's loyalty, he was named a big official when he died. Obviously, this is due to political needs.

In 957, Chai Rong and Zhao Kuangyin went to Nantang together. When Zhang Yanqing, commander-in-chief of Southern Tang Dynasty attacked Chuzhou, he killed his son who wanted to surrender and made them cry. Zhou Jun ran into the wall, but Zhang Yanqing led the army to death in the street fighting, and all his soldiers died. In this battle, Zhou Jun suffered heavy casualties. Chai Rong killed the city in anger, in order to stop the world from burning with Zhou Jun.

During 956-957, Chai Rong started a series of reforms at home while launching foreign wars.

1. First of all, considering that Buddhism was widely popular among the people at that time, many people became monks in order to escape military service and used a large number of metal to cast Buddha statues, resulting in a shortage of soldiers in the army and insufficient raw materials for ordnance manufacturing. Faced with this situation, Zhou Shizong did not hesitate to implement the action of "destroying Buddha", which was reviled all over the world. Except for a few ancient temples, thousands of temples were forcibly demolished, Buddha statues were melted and cast into weapons, and monks were degraded to vulgarity. Almost everyone is opposed to this inhuman practice. Sejong replied: "It is a great achievement of several generations to pacify troubled times. Buddhism once said: it is good for the world, and hands and eyes can still be given. How can a bronze statue be enough! " Everyone was speechless.

2. Due to the rapid population growth in the last week, there are many hidden dangers in the capital's girders-not only the frequency of fires increases, but also houses occupy official roads, making it impossible for cars and horses to pass (that is, there are too many illegal buildings).

In the fourth year of Xiande, Chai Rong issued a letter to demolish all illegal buildings in Beijing, and moved all the tombs in the city outside the city to be reburied, so that the dead could make room for the living. Of course, this practice has been criticized and reviled by people. However, after hearing the minister tell the people's complaints truthfully, Chai Rong smiled and replied, "Why didn't I know it would be complained by all the people? It's just that with the development of the country, someone has to do such a thing-now you all think it is unnecessary to disturb the people like this, but the benefits of this practice will be seen in decades ... Then let me be a tree planter, and all the criticisms will be borne by me, so that future generations can enjoy the cool! "

Sure enough, after Zhao Kuangyin unified the world in the future, considering that the girder has been transformed, it can assume the responsibility of a country's capital. Instead of building a new capital in a big way, it will continue to be used, but it will be renamed Kaifengfu.

3. As mentioned in the history books (History of Zijian and History of Five Dynasties), once Zhou tried to send troops to attack Nantang by water, but a section of the Yangtze River to Huaihe River could not be dredged. The person in charge told me that because the water level of the Yangtze River was higher than that of Huaihe River, once dredged, it would inevitably flow backwards, making it impossible to construct safely. Sejong saw it and went to watch it himself. A few days later, he issued a decree. In fact, there are detailed construction methods, and craftsmen implement them according to law. Sure enough, the river was cleared safely and Zhou Jun was able to go out.

(From this point of view, Sejong's talent can be described as amazing, but it is not necessarily too much to ask such a thing in person. In fact, Chai Rong's "hands-on" approach is notorious, and many ministers have written to persuade him. But Chai Rong still likes to bypass his subordinates and ask politics directly. )

Sejong was only 38 when he died. Some people say that he died early because he did some inhuman things above and was cursed by heaven. However, I think what really killed him was his hands-on style. How much energy can a person have? No matter how detailed you ask this question, your heart will inevitably run out one day-just like Zhuge Liang! )

In 959, Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong broke the strategy of "South first and then North". When they got the land of Huaibei in the Southern Tang Dynasty, they resolutely transferred troops to the north, pointing directly at Qidan, aiming to recapture sixteen states. Later theorists believe that Zhou Shizong dared to face the strong enemy, was brilliant and decisive. Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin have always adopted the strategy of "easy first, then difficult". Although they put down the separatist forces of all parties, they failed to recapture sixteen states in their whole lives, which led to the long-term threat of northern minorities to the Central Plains, which has been weak for more than 400 years in the Song Dynasty. However, some people think that the world has just been unified, and the people have long been looking forward to peace and don't want to make a move to go to war with the Liao Dynasty. Zhou Shizong is resolute and decisive, while Song Taizu is steady and pragmatic.

After Chai Rong succeeded to the throne, he finally had a chance to realize his previous ambitions. He once asked Chen Chuan, a Taoist priest in Huashan, "What is my life span?" Chen said, "Your Majesty still has thirty years." Chai Rongxi said: "In this case, it will take ten years to create the world, ten years to recuperate, and ten years to achieve peace." However, Zhou Shizong died only seven years after he ascended the throne, even before the whole world was destroyed, leaving many regrets.