History of Jiaohe ancient city

Jiaohe Ancient City was founded and built by motorists from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century BC, and reached its peak in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. From the 9th century to14th century, Jiaohe City gradually declined due to years of war. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, during the Chahetai period, the Turpan region was at war for years. Jiaohe City was badly damaged and finally abandoned.

/kloc-in the 0/4th century, the Mongolian aristocrat Haidu and other insurgents successively broke through Gaochang and Jiaohe after years of cruel wars. At the same time, Mongolian rulers forced local residents to abandon traditional Buddhist beliefs and convert to Islam. Under the double blow of spirit and material, Jiaohe finally finished his life course.

Jiaohe Ancient City is the largest, oldest and most well-preserved tulou city in the world, and it is also the most well-preserved urban relic in China for more than 2,000 years. The highest military and political institution in the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty, Anxi Duhu House, was first located in Jiaohe Old City.

It is located in Yaer Township, about 13 km west of Turpan City, and on the loess platform 30 meters high at the intersection of Yaer Naizigou, about 100 km west of Turpan City. It is about1650m long, narrow at both ends and about 300m wide in the middle, showing a willow-shaped peninsula. This is the ancient capital of Cheshi, one of the 36 countries in the ancient western regions, and it is the political, economic, military and cultural center of the country.

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Jiaohe Old City is a famous wonder city in history. Because it is the only ancient city excavated from native soil in the world, this city has a unique architectural method in the world. This is due to the unique climate in Turpan Basin, with less precipitation, large evaporation and dry climate. In such a dry environment, the clever ancient residents of Jiaohe adopted the most suitable building method here.

Excavating such a city from raw soil has created a miracle in the history of architecture. In ancient times, the most important function of a city was defense, so the walls of ordinary ancient cities were built very high and thick, while Jiaohe ancient city built a unique defense system by using natural steep banks with a width of 100 meters and a depth of 30 meters.

The existing urban form of Jiaohe ancient town still retains architectural remains of different historical periods, properties and styles. Choose neutral and elegant streets and lanes, and divide Jiaohe into different lanes.

There are two avenues running through the city (Central Avenue and North-South Auxiliary Road), and the alleys derived from these two avenues spread all over the city, extending in all directions, forming a traffic network of the city. Streets and alleys connect buildings all over the city and also have the function of dividing the layout of urban buildings. Jiaohe Old Town is roughly divided into six parts according to functional areas: compound area, official office area, storage area, street area, temple area and tomb area.

Jiaohe City, which used to be prosperous, is now left with only the city base and broken walls, but the street pattern, government offices, temples, pagodas and fangqu streets are still vivid.

Baidu encyclopedia-Jiaohe ancient city