I bought a pot of 10, which is the guardian flower violet of the constellation. After planting the flowers, they germinated two days later. More than 20 trees germinated one after another, but one tre

I bought a pot of 10, which is the guardian flower violet of the constellation. After planting the flowers, they germinated two days later. More than 20 trees germinated one after another, but one tree. ... You've been cheated. If you want to buy it, you should go to a regular flower shop. Besides, yours is a box. Of course, it may be that I am shallow, so take a look at the following (you will not be infertile, will you? ! )

Training management

[1] Violet is a taproot plant, which is not resistant to transplantation. Therefore, in order to ensure survival, we must bring more soil when transplanting and try not to hurt the roots. Once the root is injured, it is easy to rot and it is difficult to recover. Seedlings need to be transplanted separately before the real leaves are unfolded. Generally, seedlings can be planted once. Don't plant it too closely, or it will be poorly ventilated and prone to pests and diseases. Pay attention to fertilization during cultivation, don't apply too much fertilizer at a time, but apply it thinly and frequently, otherwise it will easily lead to plant growth in vain and affect flowering. Violet leaves are thick and have certain drought resistance, so it is not advisable to water too much, as long as the soil is kept moist, and too much water will rot the roots. If it is arranged as a flower bed, water should be properly controlled in spring, and intertillage should be carried out to keep the plants low and compact, so as to achieve better ornamental effect. If it is cultivated as a cut flower, the water supply should be ensured to promote the elongation of the foil. If the branches are cut off in time after flowering, topdressing and management are strengthened, the lateral branches can germinate and bloom again. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in hot and humid summer. If properly maintained, it will bloom in mid-April. After flowering, it is necessary to cut off the flower branches and topdressing 1-2 times to pick the branches again, and bloom for the second time in June-July. Seed collection should choose a good mother plant, violet, away from other cruciferous species to prevent interspecific hybridization.

Sowing and seedling raising

The optimum temperature for seed germination is about 65438 06-20℃. Sowing is generally used. Sowing bed soil should be carefully screened, and seedling substrate should be soft and breathable. The water at the bottom should be watered with a watering can, and then the seeds should be dried. The sowing amount per square meter of seedbed is about 5 grams, and the fine soil should cover 0.5 cm ... for example, sowing with seedling tray. The seedling tray should be placed in a cool and rainproof place. If the bed soil has poor water retention, cover it with plastic film or glass after covering it. It takes about 4-6 days for dry seeds to emerge. After emergence, the shade should be gradually removed to make it see the light. Prevent heavy rain at seedling stage. Violet roots have poor regeneration ability, so it is necessary to raise seedlings in containers and transplant them early. Each container contains 1-2 seedlings with a diameter of 8- 10 cm. With the cold weather, greenhouse or arch shed should be properly insulated to facilitate the growth of seedlings. Seedbed soil is often kept moist. Seedlings should be placed on the south side of the greenhouse to obtain strong light and large temperature difference, which can prevent excessive growth. When there are 8- 10 leaves, plant 2-3 plants in a pot with a diameter of 26.7 cm; Seedlings can tolerate low temperature of -5℃, and avoid high temperature and extreme heat. The optimum growth temperature is about 15- 18℃ in the daytime and 10℃ at night. Like light, but also a little tolerant of semi-shade and drought. I like fertile and loose bed soil, which is suitable for Ph5.5-7.5. When the seedlings have 6-8 true leaves, two different colors of leaves will appear when watering is controlled. Remove the seedlings with yellow leaves and only keep the plants with dark green leaves for colonization. Neutral or slightly acidic loam is needed. When the temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and not lower than 5℃ at night, it takes about 120- 150 days from sowing to flowering in autumn. Sowing in August in the northern cold region, sowing in September in other regions, and flowering around the Spring Festival. In order to arrange the flower beds in spring, sowing should be carried out in the northern cold region from February 65438 to/kloc-0 to October 65438, which can reduce the days of seedling raising and the cost of seedling raising. The cut flowers are grafted and planted in a protective cultivation bed; Autumn sowing in warm areas is used to transplant flower beds to cold beds for winter in spring. High-growth seeds should be picked at seedling stage and the sowing time should be arranged. For example, sowing in early July can start flowering in mid-June at 5438+ 10. Choose suitable varieties in summer, including wind dance, snow dance, spring dance and yellow dance. When the winter violet has 8 true leaves, the flower buds differentiate at the low temperature of 5- 15℃ for about 20 days. After flower bud differentiation, the growth of sunshine can accelerate the development of flower bud at the low temperature of 5- 10℃, but some varieties can still bloom normally under 7 hours of short sunshine. Secondly, in order to increase the proportion of double flowers, preliminary selection can be made before transplanting seedlings. The cotyledons of double flowers are wide oval with more serrations, while the leaves of single flowers are short oval with fewer serrations. Or when the cotyledons are unfolded, the seedling tray is moved to an environment of 4-8 DEG C, and after about 8 days, the seedlings with light green leaves are double petals, and the seedlings with dark green leaves are single petals. The seed life of double petals is longer than that of single petals. Sowing with seeds stored for more than 2 years often increases the number of double petals. Usually, violets are sown in February-May, and the optimum temperature for germination is 20-26℃. Germination requires light, and it can germinate in the germination room for 4-9 days. The optimum growth temperature is about 18℃, the seedling stage is 7-8 weeks, and it blooms 8- 1 1 week after potting. Very light-tolerant during the growth period; However, attention should be paid to shading under strong light in summer, and the concentrated irradiation of strong light will wither some varieties. violet

[3] First, the technical requirements of each growth period in seedling production: the first stage: from sowing to radicle growth (it takes 4 to 9 days), there is no need to cover after sowing, and the suitable substrate temperature is 20 to 26℃, pH value is 5.0 to 5.5, EC value is less than 0.75, and the substrate should always be wet during germination, but it should not be saturated. The second stage: until the first true leaf appears (it takes 1 1 ~ 16 days), the substrate temperature is kept at 18 ~ 24℃ and the humidity is moderate. However, in order to make the seeds germinate well, the substrate should be slightly dry before watering. The pH value of the substrate is 5.2 to 5.6, and the EC value is less than 1.0. There should be plenty of light, but direct sunlight should be avoided in summer. When the cotyledons are fully unfolded, apply potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate. Root irrigation or spraying broad-spectrum fungicide thiophanate methyl after the whole seedling to prevent and control diseases such as damping-off and root rot. The third stage: the optimum substrate temperature 16-24℃, air relative humidity less than 80%, and sufficient sunlight until the seedlings grow (it takes 2 1-28 days). Dry the substrate thoroughly before watering, but avoid permanent wilting of plants, which is beneficial to root growth. The pH value of the substrate is maintained at 5.2-5.8, and the EC value is less than 1.5. Potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate fertilizer is applied alternately at this stage. Fertilization can be carried out alternately with irrigation to control plant height. Pay attention to the prevention and control of plant root pests such as nematodes and ground flies, and irrigate the roots with pesticides such as chlorpheniramine and omethoate. The fourth stage: hardening seedlings (7 days), the substrate temperature is controlled at 14 ~ 20℃, the air relative humidity is less than 70%, and the substrate is fully dried before watering. The pH value of the substrate is kept at 5.2-5.6, and the EC value is less than 0.75. Fertilizers containing potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate should be applied once a week when plants are not short of fertilizer. 2. Key points of cultivation technology of finished flower of Persian violet: Soil: Persian violet is suitable for planting in light peat soil with humus content of 45-65%. The soil needs to be slightly fertile, the structure is loose, and poor air conditions can easily lead to root problems. Soil pH value is 5.0-6.5, and EC value is 1.5-2.0. Too high pH will lead to nutritional deficiency. Moisture: keep the plants moist regularly during the growing period, but avoid over watering, otherwise it will easily lead to root diseases. It is best to water the substrate from below, which can keep the substrate surface dry for a long time and effectively reduce the threat of pests such as ground flies and blackfly. Fertilizer: only a small amount of potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate is needed, and fertilization can be carried out alternately with watering. Lighting: Persian violet needs a certain amount of light to bloom, which is very light-tolerant, but if the light intensity exceeds 75000lux, it needs shading, otherwise the plant will not grow well. Growth regulator: growth regulator, such as B9, Alan, a-rest, etc. Use about 3 weeks after the last can. The degree of treatment needs varies from species to species, but it must be used repeatedly. Pests and diseases: The susceptible diseases include root rot and gray mold, which can be controlled by 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim 500 times, and gray mold can be controlled by 50% chlorpheniramine wettable powder 1500 times or 50% prochloraz wettable powder 1500-2000 times. Pests include aphids, thrips, leaf miner and so on. Control with 2000 times 10% primary net wettable powder, 3000 times 1.8% avermectin EC and 1000 times 75% phoxim EC respectively.

Harvest and storage

On the flower branch 1/2-2/3 small flowers are harvested when they are open. The harvesting time is better in the morning or evening. At this time, the cells in plants contain more water, which can prolong the fresh-keeping time of flowers. Cut from the base of the stem to make the flower branches longer. Each bundle 10-20, after binding, put the base in a container to fully absorb water, then wrap it with wrapping paper or plastic film, and then refrigerate or box it for listing. Cut flower branches can be stored at 4℃ for 3-4 days, and should be returned to room temperature after 3-4 days.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Violet is often harmed by pests and diseases in the cultivation process. The main diseases are violet wilt, violet verticillium wilt, violet white rust and violet mosaic.

Violet withers

This disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The main symptoms are dwarfing and wilting of plants. There are obvious veins on the leaves of young plants, and the leaves of larger plants droop. Preventive measures: ① Soak the seeds in warm water at 50-55℃ for 10 minute to kill the germs carried by the seeds. ② Disinfect with drugs. The soil planted with violets should be disinfected and reused, and the reagent can be 1000 times potassium permanganate solution. (3) If seriously infected plants are found, they should be pulled out and burned immediately to prevent infection to other healthy plants.

Violet verticillium wilt

The symptom of this disease is that the lower leaves of plants turn yellow and wither. The diseased plant was severely dwarfed, and the bundle tissue changed color rapidly. The control method is the same as violet wilt. Purple and white rust is caused by white rust. After the violet plant is infected, the diseased part will turn yellow and then brown. Chain-shaped colorless spores are produced under the epidermis of leaves. Control measures: ① The disease is also very harmful to other cruciferous plants, and violets will infect each other if they are put together with other cruciferous plants, so weeds in cruciferous plants should be eradicated and isolated from other cruciferous plants. (2) Violet plants are sprayed with lime-sulfur mixture of 3-4 degrees to prevent diseases, and 65% zineb wettable powder of 500-600 times or sodium dichloride of 250-300 times is sprayed to prevent diseases in the growing season.

Violet mosaic disease

This disease is caused by turnip mosaic virus, also known as cabbage virus 1. The virus is transmitted by 40-50 kinds of aphids, mainly peach aphids and cabbage aphids, or by juice. This virus can harm many cruciferous plants and other non-cruciferous plants. So it should be isolated from these plants. Control measures: ① Isolation from other poisonous plants. (2) Aphids should be eliminated in time, and botanical insecticide 1.2% tobacco alkaloids can be sprayed 2000-4000 times or oral medicine 10% imidacloprid can be sprayed 2000 times.