When is a good time to go to Jiangjunya Rock Painting?

The best time for Jiangjunya rock painting: Lianyungang is surrounded by mountains and seas, with a pleasant climate and an average annual temperature of about 14℃. The annual "Lianyungang Summer" has become a grand tourism activity, attracting tourists from home and abroad.

The rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff are located on a raised mountain under Jiangjun Cliff on the west side of Taohuajian at the southern foot of Jinping, Haizhou. There is a huge primary stone and three irregular natural stones under the primary stone, about two meters long. One of them is covered with regular round nests of different sizes. Historians identify them as "stone ancestors" and "stone feet", which are the main sacrificial subjects of Dongyi tribe. Three groups of rock paintings surround these four big stones and are arranged in the north, south and east, with a length of 22 and a width of15m. There used to be a stone shed on the rock on the north side of the rock painting. According to Jin Fang, former vice chairman of CPPCC, he once saw a group of stone carvings of "General Leading Horse" on the cliff wall in the stone shed, which is the origin of the name "General Cliff".

The rock painting was first discovered in the municipal cultural relics survey from 65438 to 0978. 1in July, 1980, Professor Yu from Peking University visited many times and pointed out on the spot: "This is an important historical relic and an important discovery. It is not only the earliest rock painting discovered in China, but also a picture reflecting the production and life of Dongyi tribe in China 3000 years ago. " The next day, Yu Xiansheng gave an academic report on "Presumption of Dongyi Tribe Site in Jiangjunya, Lianyungang", and presumed that rock paintings were sacrificial places for Dongyi Tribe in Yin and Shang Dynasties 3000 years ago. 1981In early April, the first exhibition and expert appraisal meeting of the rubbings of Jiangjunya Rock Paintings was held in National Cultural Heritage Administration Ancient Literature Research Office. On April 4th, China Central Broadcasting Station, People's Daily and Guangming Daily published reports one after another, pointing out that "the rock paintings of Jiangjunya are relics of 3,000 years ago, and the earliest rock paintings found in China so far are of great value. As a result, the research on the rock paintings of Jiangjunya began, and papers appeared in publications one after another. The textual research on the content and age of Jiangjunya rock paintings is also a major focus. Some people think that Nu Wa created human beings, reflecting the relationship between primitive agriculture and human life. Some people think that the rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff reflect the worship and dependence of ancient oriental clans on land and agriculture. Some people think that rock paintings are images of worship, music and dance in primitive society. Have a plenty of romantic imagination, think that the first group of faces describe marine life-horseshoe crabs. Some discuss the historical background of rock paintings from folklore and ancient legends. It has also been suggested that rock paintings are the worship of the sun god by Dongyi. It has been noticed that the study of rock paintings from the astronomical point of view depicts the scene of people offering sacrifices to "birds and stars" and praying for a bumper harvest during the "vernal equinox". It has also been pointed out that the rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff are ancient altars, and their contents are related to the myth of the Ten Days, and Jiangjun Cliff is a relic of worshipping the sun.

There are three articles on the study of Jiangjunya rock paintings from ancient astronomy. One is the presumption that Jiangjunya is a place to worship the sun, Lu Sixian's Sun Goddess and Astronomical Map in Jiangjunya Rock Paintings, and Wang's textual research on Jiangjunya Rock Paintings. They made a brand-new examination of the contents of the rock paintings on Jiangjunya from a new angle. Yu Xiansheng is a pioneer in the study of Jiangjunya rock paintings, and his assertion that rock paintings are altars of ancestors of Dongyi is undoubtedly an important contribution to archaeology. Many contents in rock paintings, such as star map and meridian, have not been deeply studied at present. It has been 25 years since 1988 discovered rock paintings and published them as "national cultural protection units". During this period, although two academic seminars have been held, many scholars' articles have touched on the deep connotation of rock paintings, but most of them failed to boldly cross the historical threshold of 3,000 years that Yu Xiansheng had already discussed, and never focused on the outstanding astronomical achievements of Dongyi ancient history, and failed to break through the mystery of ancient history debate.

Another accidental discovery pushed the study of rock paintings to a new field. Shortly after the "beginning of spring" in 2002, Mr. Wang Dayou, a researcher from Peking University National Situation Research Center and Taiji Culture Research Institute and an expert from China Huaxia Cultural Ties Project Organizing Committee, visited again and again. Due to the long-term erosion of modern industrial acid rain, some rock paintings in Jiangjunya rock paintings have been very blurred. We compared the photos of the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff taken by Mr. Zhao Ming from the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee in the early 1980s with the rock paintings. In the first group of rock paintings, we found the vague and almost extinct "Gou Mang" rock paintings (Figure 4). This is a new discovery. Hard historical evidence can completely overthrow the history of ancient civilization in Haizhou 6000 years ago. The rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff are the records of observing the sky and measuring the elephant of Goumang tribe in ancient times. Among them, the second group of star maps, the circular nest on the stone, the meridian and the sun are the earliest astronomical achievements discovered by China (and even the world) so far. Therefore, it can be inferred that Jiangjunya is an astronomical observatory with clear clan symbols, written records and continuous records, an altar to worship ancestors, and a pilgrimage center for ancestors of Dongyi 6000 years ago. General Cliff is no longer an unbreakable "heavenly book".

The witchcraft around Jiangjun Cliff is drifting away, and there will be a historic breakthrough in the study of Jiangjun Cliff Rock Paintings. Jiangjunya is an observatory used by the ancestors of Fuxi, Tai Hao and Shao Hao to observe the sun, moon and stars. This is a repositioning of the historical value of Jiangjunya rock paintings. So there is such a new witness, that is, the discovery of Gou Mang's head in the rock paintings of Jiangjunya and the investigation of ancient human geography in Haizhou area. The top right of Gou Mang in the first group of rock paintings is a description of one aspect. Gou Mang can write Ju Mang again, adding the word "last month" to the left, while the ancient sound still reads "Gou" (tick). The ancient reading of "Goushan" in Haizhou is because the Gou Mang clan intermarried with the Changxi tribe living here, forming a new clan system. Changxi tribe is a clan that looks at the moon. He is the inventor of the twelfth lunar month. The Goumang clan is the inventor of the October solar calendar, and the combination of these two tribes has formed a new clan system, which is the "Yi" tribe. The moon on the left represents Chang Xi, and the sentence on the right is Gou Mang. Yishan is a proof that Yi people once lived in a famous mountain named after a tribe.

Gou Mang has long been regarded by historians as a figure in ancient myths and legends. He is the eldest son of Fu's four sons, emphasizing, responding, cultivating and learning. Fu Xishi appointed him to the East to preside over the observation of Jupiter. The east belongs to wood, so it is also called wood official and spring official. Or Gou Mang, who later became Taeho K's assistant officer and Shao Hao's uncle. There are records in Shan Hai Jing and Zuo Zhuan, calling him "an aspect of human body" and "stepping on two snakes". This period of history of Goumang tribe was recorded in detail in Chapter B of Chu Silk Book of Warring States discovered in Changsha ammunition depot in 1980s. Chu people are descendants of the Ju Mang family who went south. It is confirmed in silk that Zhong, Gai Gang, Xiu and Xiu are the four sons of Fuxi Nuwa. Fuxi sent them to the east, west, north and south to measure the day and night degrees of the stars and the sun, and put forward their own measurement data, so as to formulate calendars and guide agricultural production. These four sons are astrologers Yu and Li, who are responsible for the operation and changes of the four seasons in different regions. So Sigufang is the place where four ancient nationalities lived. They took some animals as their main totems and formed the Four Elephants. Rudong-Tai Hao-Qinglong-Main Spring-Muzheng. And Gou Mang is the assistant officer who assisted Tai Hao in the East Palace. The portrait depicted in the rock paintings of General Cliff is a commemoration and reverence for the descendants of Goumang, and the descendants of Gou Mang are one of the ancestors who sacrificed their ancestors.

If Gou Mang's conjecture is correct, the description of the first group of "faces" can basically be cracked. The heads of the first people in the northern part of Jiangjunya are rough, with clear red stripes and basically the same shape. The negative line grinds out nine heads of different sizes, the next straight line is connected with the ground, and the head is a net or diamond headdress carved out by the negative line. This may be an objective record of "there are nine kinds of Yi people" recorded in historical books, a portrayal of the grand alliance of Shao Hao tribes in Dongyi 6000 years ago, and a grand gathering of leaders of Jiuyi people.

After careful observation, the position of the rock painting on Jiangjun Cliff is a raised mountain bag, which is like the sky covering the sky, and it is the reflection of the ancients on the circular place. It should be a "spirit platform" for observing the sky. Its north and east are surrounded by Jinping Mountain, while in ancient times, its west and south were a sea area. The location of this mourning platform can be said to be original. The position of the platform must be close to the water area, so that the level of the platform can be measured based on the horizontal plane. The platform must be built on a raised hill or flat ground as a platform for erecting table trees. This vertical column is called "hibiscus tree", and its shadow length is used to measure the winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox and autumn equinox. This is the sundial of the afterlife. The location of Gulingtai is about 35 north latitude according to today's scientific investigation, so the shadow length of summer solstice is 65438 0.2 feet, winter solstice is 65438 0.5 feet, and the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are 6 feet respectively. Without this location, it is impossible to measure accurate figures, which is why ancient China, such as Xianyang, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Xuzhou, and important prehistoric sites, such as Banpo site, Dahecun site and Jiangjunya site, are located in this location, because these ancient cities and sites have established sky observation stations. A wooden table was erected. Become the seat of the center of heaven and earth The watch wood erected on the stage is also called the day watch. The ruler wood is a celestial ruler, and the ratio with the ruler wood is 1: 8, that is, the height of the ruler wood is 8 feet, and the ruler wood 1 ruler is roughly equivalent to that the shadow length of the winter solstice is longer than that of the summer solstice, that is, 8: 1. Curing wood is work, and it is a kind of cure. It is called "North Jade", or "Jade", also known as. Before using Tubu (a measuring tool) to calculate the lunar calendar with the mixed cycle of the sun and the moon, Gou Mang used the analogy as a measuring tool to specify the length of a year and determine the four seasons. This is the Pythagorean theorem that was later created.

Gou Mang's astronomical achievements in the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff have carved the original files for us to observe the astronomical phenomena and left us a valuable fortune. According to Mr. Wang Dayou's preliminary research, the round nest on the bird-shaped "social foot" on the cliff top of the general is the nine planetary astrology of the ancient Beidou and the second constellation of Qinglong. The nine planets, the Big Dipper 6000 years ago, are different from the Big Dipper today. Its other two stars are the shepherd's ostentation and stealth river, which makes the bucket handle of the Big Dipper longer and easier to observe. Mr. Wang, the Municipal Tourism Bureau, once published an article "A Test of Dashi", demonstrating that the "She" constellation is consistent with Mr. Wang's observation. The discovery of meridian is an important material evidence of the painting of General Cliff as an observatory. Mr. Zhou Jinping of the Municipal Museum once provided the surveying and mapping results of the Surveying and Mapping Brigade of Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of National Geology, and its azimuth angle was an-s =176 24' 52 ",which was only 3 55' 88" from the meridian measured by scientific instruments today. It was indeed an outstanding achievement of ancient astronomy in China.

The process of the discovery, production and perfection of ancient calendars in China is a historical proof of the development of our national civilization. The basic reference of its calendar is the cycle of the Big Dipper and the periodic regression of the sun's shadow. It is determined by observing the movement of the sun in winter and summer and the direction of the handle of the Big Dipper. When the sun moves to the southernmost point, it is the winter solstice, and the northernmost point is the summer solstice. Mr. He Xin, an expert in the study of ancient history in Beijing, also pushed the carving time of Jiangjunya rock paintings to 5000-7000 years ago in his book The Origin of Gods. He pointed out that the ancient people's observation and research on celestial bodies' movement led to the understanding of the orbital diversity of celestial bodies in the observation of larger astronomical periods, seasons and planets throughout the year. When the ancients realized that the sun was not the center of the celestial sphere and the center of the ecliptic was the North Pole, it was impossible for the concept of heaven not to undergo a fundamental revolution.

Goumang is an important branch of Dongyi nationality. Dongyi people call themselves "people", which was formed 9000 years ago, so Dongyi people call themselves "people". After the Fuxi nationality moved eastward, it became the supreme monarch of the Dongyi people, known as the "Ren Huang", as evidenced by Tao Wenhao's words unearthed in Dawenkou and Juxian. Nine Poems by Ren Huang: Huang Ren has nine clans, which are called Jiufeng, Jiuying, Jiufeng and Jiumian Bird. The Chronicle of Life in the Spring and Autumn Period records: "Ren Huang's nine heads are out of the valley and divided into nine rivers". Jiutou said that the Dongyi Tribal Alliance has nine phratries, just like Jiuying and Jiu Feng. Coincidentally, in the first group of General Cliff Rock Paintings, there are just ten heads, among which there are Gou Mang people, who should be the representatives of the totem of Jiuyi tribe. Among them, the root of the largest head at the lower left of Gou Mang's portrait is the initial character of a Chinese character. The pattern on the right is the depiction of a bird's head, which is the totem symbol of the worship of Dongyi clan and tribe, the source of the word "harmony" started by ancestors and the representative of Fu. The people under the bird's head were divided into eight equal parts, and they were the rulers of China. Later, they evolved into Yugui, a symbol of power and status. A prominent feature of the early Dongyi culture in concept is the worship of the sun. The head in the rock painting is like the rising sun. The patterns on the head are continuous peaks, and a straight line connects the ground. It is the observation wood of the Dongyi people on the platform, indicating that they are tribes that observe the sun, moon and stars in the East. Among them, the underlined symbol is a four-point calendar symbol.

At the end of 2002, Professor Zhao Jianwei, a senior geological expert in China, the first batch of consulting experts from the Provincial Science and Technology Commission, a senior engineer and Shang Deyun, director of the information consulting department of the Geological Survey Institute, investigated the landscape of Jiangjun Cliff and measured it from all angles with a compass. They also tend to think that Jiangjunya is an astrolabe, a scientific combination of geology and astronomy, ocean and human beings, the sun and rice seedlings, and a synthesis of nature and culture.

If it is suspected that the rock paintings on Jiangjunya 6000 years ago are the roof of Gou Mang, then the representative sites excavated near Jiangjunya rock paintings and ancient Haizhou after the founding of the People's Republic of China provide important material evidence for the dating of Jiangjunya rock paintings 6000 years ago. The site is a relic of ancient human activities, and its unearthed cultural relics are an important symbol of archaeological dating. The dating of these sites is not made by someone, but based on the classification of cultural relics and the comparison of similar sites, and even by the latest scientific and technological means such as C 14 and thermoluminescence dating. Dayishan site is 6500 years ago, the lower layer of Dacun site is 6000 years ago, the Erjian site is 6000 years ago, the Houlobby site of Ganyu and the clear lake site of the East China Sea are 6000 years ago. These major archaeological discoveries provide us with new horizons and evidence for studying ancient history. Chaoyang site is 4000 years ago, and Tenghualuo site is 4000 years ago. The sequence of Lianyungang's ancient historical development started from the Fugoumang period 6000 years ago, passed through the Tai Hao and the period, and lasted for thousands of years until the Shang Dynasty 1500 years ago. Yueshi culture, as an important intermediate link between Shandong Longshan culture and Yin Shang culture, connects the prehistoric history of oriental culture with archaeological evidence but no written records with the Yin Shang and its subsequent history in China for seven or eight thousand years.