How was the Arctic Ocean formed?

1650, the German geographer Varenius divided the ocean opposite Ursa major into an independent ocean and called it the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic Ocean is the farthest ocean among the four oceans. Because of the cold climate in this area, the surface of the ocean is covered with ice all the year round, and people often call it the Arctic Ocean.

The formation of the Arctic Ocean is closely related to the rupture and disintegration of the Laoya ancient land in the northern hemisphere. The process of seabed originated in late Paleozoic, but its formation period was in Cenozoic.

The Arctic Ocean is centered on the North Pole of the Earth and passes through the ocean floor of the Eurasian plate and the North American plate, thus producing the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The "mid-ridge" of the Arctic Ocean now found in the Arctic Ocean is also the center line of the seabed crust of the Arctic Ocean. The origin of the Arctic Ocean is constantly expanding, and it has not only expanded once during the formation of the Arctic Ocean.

The Arctic Ocean is centered in the north and surrounded by Asia, Europe and North America. With an area of 13 10 km2, the Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ocean in the world. Its total area is about one tenth of the Pacific Ocean, accounting for 4. 1% of the world's total ocean area.

The Arctic Ocean is semi-closed because it is surrounded by land. It is connected by the Norwegian Sea and Baffin Bay in the Greenland Sea, by the narrow Bering Strait and the Pacific Ocean, and separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Iceland-Faroe Sea threshold and Thomson Ridge.

The average depth of the Arctic Ocean is about 1200m, and the deepest point of the Arctic Ocean is Nansen Basin. The basins in the Arctic Ocean can be divided into Eurasian basin and Meiya basin, and the Eurasian basin is divided into Nansen basin and Non-Ram basin by a Nansen submarine mountain range extending from the Atlantic Ocean. Maya Basin is divided into makarov Basin and Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean by Alpha Mountains.

Due to the unique climatic conditions of the Arctic Ocean, the seawater in the Arctic Ocean can be divided into three layers: the surface layer is 200 meters, and the sea surface temperature changes greatly due to precipitation, freezing and other factors, and the difference between high temperature and low temperature is 4℃; The middle layer is 200 meters to 900 meters, and seawater from the Atlantic Ocean flows between the middle layers, and the temperature is between 65438 0℃ and 3℃; The bottom temperature is the lowest, below 0℃.

Because the sea level in the Arctic Ocean is covered by sunlight reflected by ice, and the sea temperature is relatively low, the plankton in the Arctic Ocean is only one tenth of that in other oceans. The only fish living in the Arctic Ocean are arctic salmon and cod, mammals are seals and whales, and polar bears and arctic foxes live on land. These animals are the hunting targets of Eskimos living there.