What parts does a spaceship need?

Spacecraft can be divided into manned spacecraft and cargo spacecraft.

According to different tasks, manned spacecraft can be divided into satellite manned spacecraft, lunar manned spacecraft and interstellar manned spacecraft, of which satellite manned spacecraft is the most launched and widely used. This kind of spacecraft, like a satellite, flies in low-earth orbit hundreds of kilometers from the ground, and the flight speed is the first cosmic speed (7.9 km/s). In the 20th century, the United States successfully launched six Apollo spacecraft to the moon, and their flight speed was close to the second cosmic speed (1 1.2km/s). The future interstellar manned spacecraft will reach or exceed the second cosmic speed, and it is very likely to become a manned Mars spacecraft.

In terms of configuration, the spacecraft has developed three generations, namely, single cabin, double cabin and three cabin.

A single-cabin spacecraft has only one cockpit (also called a return cabin) for astronauts. Glenn, the first American astronaut, took the single-cabin spacecraft Mercury, which is the only single-cabin spacecraft ever used in the world.

Dual-cabin spacecraft consists of cockpit and service cabin (also called propulsion cabin, equipment cabin or instrument cabin), which provides power, power, oxygen and water. Compared with single cabin spacecraft, it improves the working and living environment of astronauts. The "Ascension" series of the Soviet Union and the "Gemini" series of spacecraft of the United States belong to two-cabin spacecraft.

The most complicated is the three-cabin spacecraft. It adds an orbital module (also called working module, which is used for satellite spacecraft) on the basis of dual-module spacecraft, and conducts space activities and scientific experiments, such as Russian Soyuz series spacecraft and China Shenzhou series spacecraft. Or add a landing module (for landing on the surface of other planets) to land in other galaxies and fly away.