Astronomical common sense

Astronomical knowledge Some celestial bodies in black holes are of great mass, so their gravity is extremely strong. Nothing can escape from there, not even light.

Without light returning, the eyes can't see the object, so it is called a "black hole". People on the earth of the zodiac look at the apparent path of the sun among the stars in a year, that is, the great circle where the earth's orbital plane intersects the celestial sphere forms an angle of 23 degrees and 26 minutes with the celestial equator, and intersects with vernal equinox and vernal equinox.

The two points on the celestial sphere of the yellow pole are 90 degrees away from the ecliptic angle, and those close to the north celestial pole are called "North Yellow Pole". The angular distance between the ecliptic pole and the celestial pole is equal to the ecliptic angle.

The North Yellow Pole is located at the center of the connecting line between Tianlong and the two stars. Zodiac: A strip on the celestial sphere with 8 degrees (* * * width 16 degrees) on each side of the ecliptic.

The orbits of the sun, the moon and the main planets are all on the ecliptic. To show the position of the sun on the ecliptic.

Divide the zodiac into twelve segments, which is called "Zodiac". From the vernal equinox, they are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces.

In the past, the zodiac and the zodiac were the same. With the vernal equinox moving westward, the vernal equinox in Aries has moved to Pisces two thousand years ago, and its name is no longer consistent with the constellation.

The three walls include Ziwei Garden, Taiwei Garden and Tianshi Garden. Purple element includes the sky area near the north celestial pole, which is roughly equivalent to the area of arch star; Taiwei Courtyard contains some constellations such as Maiden, Houfa and Lion. Tianshi source includes snake man, five immortals, giant snake, skyhawk and other constellations.

Twenty-eight lodgings are divided into seven lodgings in the east, seven lodgings in the west, seven lodgings in the south and seven lodgings in the north. Twenty-eight hotels are also called twenty-eight stars or twenty-eight houses.

At first, the ancients chose 28 stars to compare the movements of the sun, the moon, gold, wood, water, fire and earth as observation marks. The meaning of "lodge" is similar to the "palace" of the zodiac, indicating the position of the sun, moon and five stars.

In the Tang Dynasty, Twenty-eight Hostels became the main body of the twenty-eight celestial bodies, and these celestial bodies were still named after Twenty-eight Hostels. Different from Sanyuan, as a celestial body, Twenty-eight Hostels are mainly used to divide the ownership of star officials. The 28 huts start from Kakuk and are arranged from west to east, in the same direction as the sun and the moon.

East seven houses, namely Jiao, Kang, Emperor, Fang, Xin, Wei and Yi; North Seven Nights: Dou, Niu (Petunia), Female (bearded female), Virtual, Dangerous, House (Barracks), Wall (East Wall), West Seven Nights: Kui, Lou, Wei, Chang, Bi, Gou, Shennan Seven Nights Well (Cave Well), Ghost (Yugui) and Willow. In addition, there are some star officials who are closely related to these star officials, such as tomb, detached palace, ear, chop, graupel, corpse accumulation, right jurisdiction, left jurisdiction, Changsha, shrine and so on. , belonging to room, danger, room, completion and participation respectively.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were 183 stars in 28 places, including auxiliary officials or auxiliary stars. Cosmic velocity refers to the initial velocity necessary for launching artificial celestial bodies from the earth into the universe.

The first cosmic speed People call the speed of 7.9 kilometers per second "the first cosmic speed", which is also called "circumpolar speed". Below this speed, the object will return to earth under the action of gravity. Second cosmic speed If we increase the speed to 1 1.2 km/s, this artificial satellite can travel to the interplanetary space of the solar system without being affected by the gravity of the earth.

People call the speed of 1 1.2km/s the "second cosmic speed" third cosmic velocity. If the satellite is to fly out of the solar system and go to other planets, the speed must be increased to 16.7km/s, which is the so-called "third cosmic velocity". Because the number of days in the tropic year is not an integer, the number of days in a year is different from that in a leap year, some are 365 days and some are 366 days.

A year with 366 days is called leap year, and a year with 365 days is called average year. February in leap year is longer than average 1 day, and so are other months.

Generally speaking, a year divisible by 4 is a leap year. If the year is an integer of 100, the year divisible by 400 is a leap year. The lunar calendar of leap month and the solar calendar contain different days in a year, about 365 days in the solar calendar and 354 days in the lunar calendar.

In order to make the number of days in a year the same, one month is added in some years of the lunar calendar, and the added month is called "leap month". Because the Gregorian calendar year is only about 1 1 day older than the lunar calendar, it is impossible to add leap months every year. About 19 has seven leap months.

The time for the earth to orbit the sun once in the tropic year is called tropic year. The tropical year is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds (365 days +09 days).

2. Know little about astronomy

Aperture (that is, the diameter of the objective lens) is an absolute parameter of astronomical telescope.

Magnification = objective focal length/eyepiece focal length (aperture is about mm). The longer the focal length of the objective lens or the shorter the focal length of the eyepiece lens, the higher the magnification, but limited by the aperture, the higher the magnification has no practical effect. Generally, the magnification is not more than 2 times of the millimeter diameter. Diameter mm*0.2= effective maximum multiple.

Refraction type is easy to use, with large field of vision, bright star image, convenient maintenance and good planetary field of vision.

There is no reflection chromatic aberration. The larger the aperture, the greater the light concentration and the better the nebula.

Focal length ratio F= focal length/aperture (generally speaking, focal length is the focal length of the objective lens)

Short focal length mirror (small focal length ratio)

Medium focal length mirror (medium focal length ratio, 6

Long focal length lens (large focal ratio, focal ratio >; 15) is suitable for observing the moon and planets.

3. What are the primary school students' astronomical science knowledge?

The knowledge of astronomical science of primary school students is as follows: 1. What is thunder? This is a natural phenomenon that negative electricity meets positive electricity.

When it rains, some clouds in the sky are positively charged and some are negatively charged. When two clouds meet, they will discharge, emit bright and bright lightning, and at the same time release a lot of heat, which will make the surrounding air heated, expand and make a loud noise. This is thunder. Second, what is a meteor shower? There are many small celestial bodies in the universe flying at their own orbits and speeds.

Some blew themselves up and some collided with other celestial bodies. But they kept flying.

When their orbits meet the earth's orbit, they fall to the ground like raindrops. This phenomenon is called meteor shower. How high is the blue sky? "Blue sky" is actually the earth's atmosphere.

The atmosphere is the air around the earth, which is divided into five layers according to the air density, with a total thickness of 2000-3000 kilometers. But most of the air is concentrated below 15 km from the ground, and the higher the air, the thinner it is.

How thick the atmosphere is, how high the blue sky should be. 4. What celestial bodies are there in the solar system? There are nine planets in the solar system.

The distances from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. In addition, there are many asteroids, comets and meteors in the solar system, and there are 2958 officially numbered asteroids.

The most famous comet is Halley's comet. 5. How to find Polaris? It's easy to find the North Star in the sky: first find Ursa major, then find the Big Dipper.

A straight line leads from the two Polaris at the edge of the spoon head, extends past and passes through the Polaris. The distance from Polaris to the spoon head is exactly five times the distance between two Polaris.

You can also find Polaris through Cassiopeia. 6. Why is the sky red at sunset? Because sunlight travels a long distance in the atmosphere at sunset.

Except for red light, all other colors of light can't travel that far, and they all disappear before they reach our eyes. Only red light runs farthest and can reach our eyes, so we see that the color of the sky turns red at sunset.

How many stars can we see? We can see 7000 stars from the earth with naked eyes, but because the earth is round, no matter where we stand on the earth, we can only see half of the sky, and the stars near the horizon can't be seen clearly, so we can only see about 3000 stars with naked eyes.

4. Know little about astronomy.

Astronomical knowledge

black hole

Some celestial bodies are so massive that their gravity is so strong that nothing can escape them, not even light. Without light returning, the eyes can't see the object, so it is called a "black hole".

Erosive

People on earth see the apparent path of the sun among the stars in a year, that is, the great circle ecliptic, where the earth's orbital plane intersects the celestial sphere, forms an angle of 23 degrees and 26 minutes with the celestial equator, and intersects with vernal equinox and vernal equinox.

pole of orbit

The angle between two points on the celestial sphere and the ecliptic is 90 degrees, and the point near the north celestial pole is called "North Huang Ji". The angular distance between the ecliptic pole and the celestial pole is equal to the ecliptic angle. The North Yellow Pole is located at the center of the connecting line between Tianlong and the two stars.

zodiac

A strip of 8 degrees (* * * width 16 degrees) on each side of the ecliptic on the celestial sphere. The orbits of the sun, the moon and the main planets are all on the ecliptic. To show the position of the sun on the ecliptic. Divide the zodiac into twelve segments, which is called "Zodiac". From the vernal equinox, they are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. In the past, the zodiac and the zodiac were the same. With the vernal equinox moving westward, the vernal equinox in Aries has moved to Pisces two thousand years ago, and its name is no longer consistent with the constellation.

academic titles conferred on the three candidates who came out first at examinations held at three levels

Including Ziwei Garden, Taiwei Garden and Tianshi Garden. Purple element includes the sky area near the north celestial pole, which is roughly equivalent to the area of arch star; Taiwei Courtyard contains some constellations such as Maiden, Houfa and Lion. Tianshi source includes snake man, five immortals, giant snake, skyhawk and other constellations.

Twenty-eight constellations (division of celestial spheres in ancient astronomy in China)

Twenty-eight nights are divided into seven nights in the east, seven nights in the west, seven nights in the south and seven nights in the north. Twenty-eight hotels are also called twenty-eight stars or twenty-eight houses. At first, the ancients chose 28 stars to compare the movements of the sun, the moon, gold, wood, water, fire and earth as observation marks. The meaning of "lodge" is similar to the "palace" of the zodiac, indicating the position of the sun, moon and five stars. In the Tang Dynasty, Twenty-eight Hostels became the main body of the twenty-eight celestial bodies, and these celestial bodies were still named after Twenty-eight Hostels. Different from Sanyuan, as a celestial body, Twenty-eight Hostels are mainly used to divide the ownership of star officials. The 28 huts start from Kakuk and are arranged from west to east, in the same direction as the sun and the moon.

Oriental Su Qi

Angle, sound, stagnation, chamber, heart, tail, tail; Seven nights in the north: fighting, cows (cows), women (bearded women), emptiness, danger, houses (barracks) and walls (east walls).

Seven nights in the west

Kui, Lou, Stomach, Chang, Bi, Gou, Shen.

Southern Su Qi

Well (cave well), ghost (Yu ghost), willow, star (seven stars), Zhang, Yi and Qi.

North Su Qi

Fighting, cow, female, lack, danger, room, wall

Auxiliary officer or seat

In addition, there are some star officials who are closely related to these star officials, such as tomb, detached palace, ear, chop, graupel, corpse accumulation, right jurisdiction, left jurisdiction, Changsha, shrine and so on. , respectively, attached to the room, dangerous room, Bi, ginseng, well, ghost, tail, known as auxiliary officials or auxiliary seats. In the Tang Dynasty, there were 183 stars in 28 places, including auxiliary officials or auxiliary stars.

cosmic velocity

Refers to the initial velocity necessary to launch artificial celestial bodies from the ground to the universe.

First cosmic speed/speed [7.9 kilometers per second]

People call the speed of 7.9 km/s "the first cosmic speed", also known as "hovering speed". Below this speed, the object will return to earth under the action of gravity.

second cosmic velocity/speed

If we increase the speed to 1 1.2 km/s, this artificial satellite can travel to the interplanetary space of the solar system without being affected by the gravity of the earth. People call the speed of 1 1.2km/s "the second cosmic speed".

third cosmic velocity

If the satellite is to fly out of the solar system and go to other planets, the speed must be increased to 16.7km/s, which is the so-called "third cosmic velocity".

Because the number of days in the tropic year is not an integer, the number of days in a year is different from that in a leap year, some are 365 days and some are 366 days. A year with 366 days is called leap year, and a year with 365 days is called average year. February in leap year is longer than average 1 day, and so are other months. Generally speaking, a year divisible by 4 is a leap year. If the year is an integer of 100, the year divisible by 400 is a leap year.

The lunar calendar of leap month and the solar calendar contain different days in a year, about 365 days in the solar calendar and 354 days in the lunar calendar. In order to make the number of days in a year the same, one month is added in some years of the lunar calendar, and the added month is called "leap month". Because the Gregorian calendar year is only about 1 1 day older than the lunar calendar, it is impossible to add leap months every year. About 19 has seven leap months.

The time for the earth to orbit the sun once in the tropic year is called tropic year. The tropical year is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds (365 days +09 days).

5. Astronomical knowledge 400-word composition

This morning, I was particularly excited, because I was lucky enough to witness the once-in-a-century total solar eclipse. No, my parents and I came to Putuo Mountain with a special observation mirror that had been prepared long ago.

Ah! It's crowded here, and it's very lively. People are beaming and looking up at the sky. Look! Look! The total solar eclipse has begun! The crowd cheered and the surrounding area suddenly boiled. I couldn't wait to put on my observation mirror and saw the sun like a disk, as if it had been bitten off by a dog. Gradually, the sun slowly missed the boats and elephants.

Knives, like eyebrows, like thin hooks. Ah! The most wonderful scene has arrived, the sun is about to be covered, and the sky shines brightly. "Ah, it's Bailey Pearl!" " "I cried excitedly. It looks like my mother's diamond ring and Bailey beads. How beautiful! But it's only a short moment, fleeting, making people want to go forward! Then, the sun disappeared completely and the earth suddenly became dark. On the road, tall buildings light up, as if it were night again. After about five minutes, another wonderful scene appeared. "Bailey beads" and "diamond ring" let me once again appreciate the most beautiful and spectacular moments of nature. I jumped three feet in excitement, and the whole person was almost intoxicated. I couldn't calm down for a long time ... Later, the moon reluctantly left. The sun smiled brightly again, and the earth slowly recovered its original light.

Astronomy is so interesting! I want to be an astronomer in the future.