Shf constellation _shf constellation weirdo

American aircraft carrier cva 58

USS America (English: USS America, ship number: CV-66) is the next conventional power carrier handed over by the US Navy and the third aircraft carrier of the American Kitty Hawk class. American aircraft carrier is an improved version of American Forrester class aircraft carrier. Its main task is to attack water, air and land targets with carrier-based aircraft. The U.S. aircraft carrier/kloc-0 started construction in newport news Shipbuilding and Docking Company on October 9th, 196 1, launched in February 1 965, entered service on October 23rd, 1965. It participated in the Vietnam War, operation desert storm and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Weapon performance

English name: Kitty Hawk class aircraft carrier

Foretype/class: forest-class aircraft carrier

Service time:1961April 29th.

Country: United States Quantity: 4 ships

Power: Full exhaust of steam turbine

Tonnage: over 50,000 tons.

English name: Kitty Hawk class aircraft carrier

Subtype/Grade: uss enterprise

Setting time: 1956-1957

Construction: newport news Shipbuilding and Docking Company.

Carrier aircraft: 70-80 Launch time:1May, 960.

Development and evolution

Development background

In the early 1960s, the US Navy completed the construction of USS Enterprise, the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. However, due to the high cost, the US Navy did not continue to build follow-up ships, but at the same time continued to build a Forrester-class aircraft carrier with a lower cost, which was only a little more than half that of USS Enterprise. Forest class was built in 1950s. Although it was called "super carrier" at that time, some shortcomings were still found in the service of the first few ships, and some shortcomings caused by design and construction gradually emerged, especially the elevator configuration was not ideal. During the period from 1956 to 1968, the United States began to make great improvements when it built the fifth Forrest class. Because of the great improvement, four ships were built continuously, so it was renamed Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier, which was originally designed and built as an attack aircraft carrier.

Architectural evolution

1956 On February 27th, the construction of the Kitty Hawk-class first ship CVA-63 was started in newport news Shipbuilding and Docking Company. 1960 was launched on May 29th, and196/kloc-0 was put into use on April 29th,. 1On September 4th, 957, Kitty Hawk-2 constellation was started at Brooklyn Shipyard, new york. 19601October 8th was launched, 196 1 year1October 8th was completed.

1October 9th, 196 1, Kitty Hawk Class 3 "USA" laid keel in newport news Shipbuilding and Docking Company. It is the second Kitty Hawk aircraft carrier built by the shipyard, but it is improved on the basis of Constellation. 1 February 9, 964, it was1.

Service history

196565438+1On October 23rd, USS USA entered the service, and the U-2 aircraft took off and landed at the beginning of its service life. 197365438+1October14th, Kitty Hawk began to transform from attack aircraft carrier (CVA) to multi-mission aircraft carrier (CV) and became a multi-functional aircraft carrier. 1On June 30th, 975, USS was also converted into a multi-purpose aircraft carrier.

Since the late 1980s, the Kitty Hawk has been modified to extend its service life. The modification cost of a single aircraft carrier is as high as 940 million US dollars, which is 3.6 times of its cost. After modification, the service life of the aircraft carrier can be extended from 30 years to 45 years. ?

1On August 9, 996, USS America was found to be in poor condition after its last cruise, so it retired and then docked at Philadelphia port.

On April 19, 2005, the American aircraft carrier was towed away from the old military port in Philadelphia. According to the plan of the Naval Ocean Systems Command, the US Navy carried out a "live attack" on it with surface, underwater and air weapons. In addition, America itself has installed high explosives in many places. After a full 25 days of bombing, the "America" began to enter the water at 1 1: 30 local time on May 4, and then sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean at a depth of more than 6,000 feet and 58 miles from the American coast. At that time, it was the largest sunk warship in the world, which provided a lot of data for the US military to design and build the next generation of aircraft carriers. Before the sea was about to drown the "American" aircraft carrier, the officers and men of the US Navy at the proving ground collectively saluted it.

technical characteristics

Ship structure

ship form

The Kitty Hawk aircraft carrier generally follows the Forrest class design, and its ship features, dimensions, displacement and power plant are basically the same. The flight deck area has been increased, the layout has been improved, and great improvements have been made in superstructure, air defense weapons, electronic equipment and shipboard equipment. Kitty Hawk still uses a combination of right-angle and oblique-angle flight decks, but the overall structure has been optimized. The island superstructure on the starboard side is smaller and closer to the stern, which makes the power plant move backwards, shortens the shafting and increases the hangar area. The slender and tall columnar composite mast is located in the middle of the superstructure of the ship island and behind the bridge, and is equipped with air search radar antenna, fire control radar antenna and navigation radar antenna; The chimney is located behind the island superstructure and flush with the top of the bridge; The crane is located outside the flight deck behind the superstructure of the island; The short-range defense system is installed under the port and starboard flight decks at the stern; Ship-to-air missile launcher is located in front of the port inclined deck and symmetrical to the starboard side.

deck

The American aircraft carrier has two C- 13 steam catapults on the right-angle deck and two oblique decks, and four MK-7 arresting cables and 1 arresting nets on the oblique deck. There are four deck edge lifts in total, which can eject 1 carrier aircraft every 30 seconds. An elevator on the port side of forest class is located at the front end of the inclined deck, so the plane can't be used when landing, but Kitty Hawk class moved it to the back end of the inclined deck; As for the starboard lift, two of Kitty Hawk's three starboard lifts are in front of the island's superstructure and one is behind, which is just the opposite of the forest class. This new configuration greatly shortens the time for the ship's aircraft to board the deck from the hangar and reach the front catapult, and the operations do not interfere with each other, thus improving the operational efficiency. In addition, the shape of the Kitty Hawk elevator has also been improved, which can park longer planes.

structure

The overall internal structure of the American aircraft carrier has also been optimized, and a closed reinforced flight deck has been adopted to form an integral box structure from the bottom of the ship to the flight deck. From the lowest floor to the bridge, the height is about 18 floors, and the flight deck is divided into 10 floors, and the island superstructure above the flight deck is divided into 8 floors. From the bottom of the ship to the flight deck 1-4, there are fuel tanks, fresh water tanks, ammunition tanks and engine rooms; The fifth and sixth floors are sailor accommodation, food warehouse, restaurant and administrative office; The 7 th and 8 th floors are the maintenance room of carrier aircraft, the living quarters for maintenance personnel and radar operators; 9. The10 floor is the hangar, combat duty room and pilot dining room. Each floor of the island superstructure is mainly used for the captain and staff quarters, some warehouses and workshops. Bottom-up: fire protection, medical care, missile personnel accommodation; Library of tools, communication and electrical materials; Officer's room; Captain and headquarters staff, reporter's studio and lounge, etc. .

shipborne weapons

protect

The weapon and equipment of American aircraft carrier is beagle air defense missile, which was later replaced by three eight-pack MK29 auk air defense missile launchers, guided by semi-active radar, and three MK 16 dense array 6-tube 20mm rapid-fire guns.

carrier plane

USS USA carries 1 carrier wing and 82 aircraft of various types, including 20 F- 14A Tomcat fighters, 24 F/A- 18C Bumblebee Combat/Attack Teams, 16 A-6E intruders (including KA-6D tankers).

Ship electrical system

The US aircraft carrier radars mainly include SPS-48C/E three-seat air search radar, SPS-49V air search radar, SPS- 10F sea search radar, navigation radars LN-66 and SPS-64(V)9, and six fire control radars MK-95s, SLQ-29 radars WLR8 and SLQ-/KLOC-0.

The US electronic warfare facilities include four 6-tube fixed MK36 SRBOC jamming rockets, which launch infrared tracer bombs and chaff bombs. 1 SLQ-29 relay alarm and jammer system; The torpedo defense system (SSTDS) of SLQ-366 "Water Mirror" launched towed torpedo bait; WLR-3 electronic countermeasure receiver and WLR- 1 1IFM receiver, WLR 1, WLR1/joint radar warning jamming system.

American sonar is SQS23, SSQ-82 satellite communication includes SRR- 1WSC-3 (UHF), WSC-6(SHF), USC-38(EHF), fire control is three sets of MK9 1 missile control systems, and command and control is naval tactical data system and advanced operational command system (NTDS).

operating characteristic

Hull parameters

Captain 319.3-323.6m.

ship beam

93.6 meters

Draft11.4m.

standard displacement

60100t

load displacement

79724-8 1 123 tons /849 14 tons

The flight deck is 318.8m long and 76.8m wide.

Speed 30 knots -32 knots

keep patience

12000 nautical miles /20 knots, sailing continuously for 350 hours.

4000 nautical miles /30 knots

There are about 5,480 crew members and 2,480 aviation personnel, including 320 officers. There are 2930 crew members, including officers 155.

Transmission gear transmission, four shafts and four paddles

Power system: 4 Westinghouse steam turbines and boilers with total power of 280,000 HP and maximum power of 205.9 MW.

Service dynamics

1on June 8, 967, the American ship was attacked by Israeli torpedo boats and fighter planes, and the Americans were ordered to go to the rescue.

1968, 1970, 1973 During the Vietnam War, USS America went to the coast of Vietnam three times, deployed in the northern waters of Vietnam to participate in the Vietnam War, and used carrier-based aircraft to attack the deep targets of the Vietnamese army. Participation time is as long as 1 12 days.

In 1980, the American sailed to the Mediterranean seven times.

198 1 year, the American aircraft carrier was deployed in the red sea and the Indian ocean.

1986, during the conflict between the United States and Libya, an American warship A-6E sank a missile boat in Libya on March 24, and its carrier-based aircraft attacked two targets in Benghazi on April 15.

199 1 1 After the Gulf War broke out, USS America was one of the participating ships, and its carrier formation launched an attack on Iraq together with USS Kennedy and USS Saratoga. It is the only American aircraft carrier that attacked Iraq from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf on the two wings of Arabian Peninsula.

comprehensive assessment

Kitty Hawk is the last and largest first-class conventional aircraft carrier built by the US Navy. Although the performance of this class of aircraft carrier is not as good as that of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, it is still the backbone of the US Navy aircraft carrier.