What constellation is liver cancer _ Where is the license plate of liver cancer?

What is the main cause of liver cancer?

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor of the liver, which can be divided into primary and secondary types. Primary malignant tumor of liver originated from epithelial or mesenchymal tissue of liver. The former is called primary liver cancer, which is a malignant tumor with high incidence and great harm in China. The latter is called sarcoma, which is rare compared with primary liver cancer. Secondary or metastatic liver cancer refers to a malignant tumor that originated from multiple organs of the whole body and invaded the liver. Generally, it is more common in liver metastasis of malignant tumors in stomach, biliary tract, pancreas, colorectal cancer, ovary, uterus, lung, breast and other organs. How is liver cancer caused?

(1) Viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

The study on the relationship between hepatitis B virus and liver cancer found that: ① the serum markers of shame hepatitis in patients with liver cancer were as high as 90% (only about 15% in control group); ② The probability of HBsAg positive patients developing liver cancer in the high incidence area of liver cancer is 6 ~ 50 times higher than that of negative patients; (3) Molecular biology research shows that simple integrated HBV-DNA accounts for 565,438 0.5% of patients with liver cancer in China; ④ The X gene of HBV can change the gene expression of HBV infected hepatocytes, which may be related to canceration. The above shows that hepatitis B virus is closely related to liver cancer and is an important risk factor for liver cancer. In recent years, the relationship between hepatitis C and liver cancer has attracted people's attention. China data show that 5-8% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have anti -HCV positive control group, while 0-2% have anti -HCV positive control group. The relationship between patients co-infected with anti -HCV and HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely important in Japan, but it has yet to be confirmed in China. The relationship between liver cirrhosis and liver cancer is also remarkable: in 500 autopsy materials of liver cancer, the combined rate of liver cancer and liver cirrhosis is 83.6%, and the combined rate of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer is 49.9%. Among them, micronodular cirrhosis accounts for 73.3%, indicating that liver cancer is closely related to cirrhosis. Among the patients with liver cirrhosis, 56.5% have chronic active hepatitis to varying degrees, indicating that liver cirrhosis is still in progress. The above results suggest that persistent infection of hepatitis B virus is closely related to hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is speculated that this process may be caused by hepatitis B virus, followed by proliferation or atypical proliferation, thus being sensitive to carcinogens. In the process of multi-etiology participation and disease staging, there may be many genetic changes, that is, a group of proto-oncogenes are activated as oncogenes, and one or more anti-cancer genes are inactivated, resulting in uncontrolled growth, continuous proliferation and eventually canceration of liver cells.

(2) Aflatoxin

In areas with high incidence of liver cancer, especially in southern areas where corn is the main grain, the survey suggests that the prevalence of liver cancer may be related to the pollution of food by aflatoxin; The metabolite aflatoxin B 1 in human urine is very high, and aflatoxin B 1 is the strongest carcinogen of animal liver cancer, but there is no direct evidence to prove its relationship with human liver cancer.

(3) drinking water pollution

In Qidong, Jiangsu Province, the incidence of liver cancer is 60 ~10110,000, the incidence of drinking well water is only 0 ~19110,000, and the relative risk of drinking ditch water is 3.00. The investigation found that there is a kind of microcystin produced by cyanobacteria in the ditch water, which may be a clue to drinking water pollution and liver cancer.

(4) Genetic factors In high-incidence areas, family clustering of liver cancer sometimes occurs, especially among people who live together and are related by blood, which may be related to the vertical spread of hepatitis virus, but it has yet to be confirmed.