Mid-term examination paper and review outline of geography and biology in the last semester of the second day of junior high school

Chapter I Vast Territory

1, from the eastern and western hemispheres, where she is, from the northern and southern hemispheres, where she is.

Judging from the location of the mainland and the ocean, she is located in the east of the mainland and the west of the ocean.

3. From the latitude position, most of them are located in the middle latitude area, belonging to the belt, and a few in the south are located in the belt, but there is no belt.

4. The land area of China is about 1000 square kilometers, ranking first in the world, second only to Hehe.

5. China's land border is over 1000 kilometers long, with 10 neighboring countries.

6. Chinese mainland has a coastline of more than 1,000 meters, and there are two countries across the sea from China, namely,,,,

7. From north to south, the sea on the edge of China is sea, sea, sea and sea.

8. The Bohai Sea has the largest saltworks in China, and the East China Sea has the largest fishing ground in China.

9. The administrative regions of the country are basically divided into three levels.

10, China * * * has 34 provincial administrative regions, including 20 provinces, 20 autonomous regions, 20 municipalities directly under the central government and 20 special administrative regions.

1 1. China has a total population of one billion, with the following demographic characteristics.

12. In order to maintain the coordinated growth of population, our government regards the implementation of family planning as a basic national policy.

13, the population distribution in China is uneven, the regional population density is large, especially large, and the regional population density is small.

14, the population dividing line of China is from province to city.

15, the most populous province and the largest province in China.

16, among all ethnic groups in China, ethnic groups have the largest population and ethnic minorities have the largest population.

17, the Han nationality is distributed all over the country, with the most concentrated in the Ministry and the Ministry, and ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

The distribution of 18 people has.

20. China implements regional ethnic autonomy in areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities, and sets up organs of self-government, such as,,,, etc.

Chapter II Natural Environment of China

2 1, mainly in the west, mainly in the east, with topographical features.

22. The first terrace plateau is located in the southwest, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters.

The dividing line between the first step and the second step is,, and the dividing line between the second step and the third step is,,.

24. The four platforms are,,,,

Great basin,

Three plains.

25. Characteristics of Loess Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

26. The common natural disasters in mountainous areas are.

27. Special attention should be paid to the construction when it is open for use in mountainous areas.

28. Mountainous areas, including, and, account for about the national land area.

29. The temperature difference between north and south of China in winter is found in most places in summer.

The monthly isotherm of 30, 1℃ 10 shows a linear distribution.

3 1. The coldest place in winter is the hottest place in summer.

32, known as the "three stoves" in China are,,.

33. China is divided into five temperature zones from north to south, namely,,,,. There is also a climate zone with high terrain, cold climate and vast area.

The main indicators for dividing the temperature area are.

35. The general trend of annual precipitation in China is.

The place with the most precipitation in China is the place with the least precipitation.

The relationship between harmony and contrast in a place reflects the humidity of the climate there.

38. The division of dry and wet areas is based on the degree of climate. The four dry and wet areas in China are,

、 。

39, the main reason for the large temperature difference between north and south in China is

1 eastern hemisphere, northern hemisphere

2 Asia, Taiping

Temperature, heat and cold in the north.

49.6 million, 3, Russia and Canada

5、20000, 15。

6, 18000, 6, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia

7. Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea

8. zhoushan road Chang

9. Provinces, counties and townships

10、23、5、4、2、

1 1,129.5 billion, with a large population base and a large population growth rate.

12 socio-economic development, resources and environmental conditions

13, east, southeast coast, west

14 Heihe in Heilongjiang, Tengchong in Yunnan

15, Henan, Xinjiang

16, Han, Zhuang

17, East and Central, Southwest, Northwest and Northeast

18, large heteropoly, small poly

20, autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, ethnic townships

2 1, mountain, plateau and basin; Plains and hills; It is high in the west and low in the east, showing a stepped distribution.

22. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the roof of the world.

23. Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Hengduan Mountain; Daxinganling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan and Xuefeng Mountain

24. Loess Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau; Sichuan Basin, Qaidam Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin; Northeast Plain, North China Plain and the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

25, loose texture, insufficient vegetation coverage, serious soil erosion, ravines; The ground is flat and boundless; Glaciers are widely distributed; The ground is rugged.

26. Collapse, landslide and debris flow

27. Ecological environment

Mountains, rugged plateaus and hills

29, very big, very high temperature.

30. Qinling-Huaihe River

Xinjiang Turpan Heilongjiang Mohe 3 1

Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing

33. Cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone, tropical zone and plateau climate zone.

34. Active accumulated temperature

35, decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

36. Huoshaoliao in Taiwan Province Province and Toksun in Turpan Basin.

37, precipitation and evaporation

38, dry and wet; Wet area, semi-humid area, semi-arid area, arid area

39, latitude position, winter wind.

40. The dividing line between monsoon area and non-monsoon area is,,,.

42. The biggest advantage of monsoon climate is that it will bring some disastrous weather, such as,,.

43. The largest inland river in China, the rivers mainly come from Kunlun Mountain and Tianshan Mountain. Flowing rivers, such as the Yangtze River, mainly come from.

44. The longest artificial river in the world was first dug?

45. The birthplace of the Yellow River, where it enters the sea.

46, has the reputation of "jiangnan" is.

47. The dividing line between the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is the dividing line between the middle and lower reaches.

48. The riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River gradually rises and becomes the "Yellow River".

49. After the Yellow River flows through the river, it produces the most sediment, because the terrain it flows through is

50. The Yangtze River rises in the mountains and flows into the sea. It is the longest, largest and widest river in China, and is called "He".

5 1, the dividing line between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the dividing line between the middle and lower reaches.

52. The hydropower resources of the Yangtze River are mainly concentrated in this reach. Navigation can be carried out in the following four seasons.

53. This reach is called "Jiuqu Ileum", and the control measures are as follows.

54. The three main sources of the plain area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are,, and.

55. For renewable resources, sustainable utilization can be achieved if they are rationally utilized and harmonious. For non-renewable resources, we should be very harmonious.

56. China's natural resources are characterized by.

57. According to the land use and land use, land resources are divided into,,,.

58. The proportion of land resources per capita and all kinds of land resources in China is mainly less, more and less, especially the contradiction in the same place is particularly prominent.

59. Cultivated land and woodland are mainly distributed in China, while grassland is mainly distributed in.

60. Man-made damage to land resources includes.

6 1, a basic national policy of land resources is.

62. Water accounts for 97% and 2.5% on the earth.

63. Most of the fresh water resources on the earth are, and most of the rest are. At present, the fresh water resources used by human beings are mainly.

64. China's total water resources are insufficient, harmonious and rank first in the world. If calculated per capita, it is only the world average.

65. In terms of time allocation, seasonal precipitation is concentrated and less. Measures to effectively adjust the seasonal variation of runoff and water quantity;

66. In terms of spatial distribution, China is rich in water resources, especially in Henan Province, which further aggravates the water shortage in the north. One of the effective ways to solve the uneven distribution of water resources in different regions is.

67. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is to transport water from the river system to areas with severe water shortage.

In view of the serious shortage of water resources in China, the utilization of water is particularly important.

69, the "pioneer" of economic development is.

70. The four famous "rice markets" in the history of China are,,,.

7 1 is the most important mode of transportation in China. There are no railway lines in this province at present.

72. Most of the small quantities of precious or urgent goods are transported.

73. Most perishable goods are transported.

74, bulk heavy goods, long-distance transportation, generally choose and transport.

75. The agricultural production departments are,,,.

76. It is the basic main business that supports national economic construction and people's development.

77. Natural grasslands are widely distributed in the western region, and there are four pastoral areas in China.

、 。

78. Forestry is concentrated in Yunnan, Fujian and Yunnan. This area is the most accessible area for freshwater fisheries in China.

The announcement of rice and wheat in food crops presents the pattern of "One Belt, One Road".

40. Daxinganling, Yinshan, Helan, Bayankala and Gangdise Mountains.

42, rain and heat in the same period; Cold wave, flood and drought disaster, typhoon

43. Tarim River, due to the melting of ice and snow, naturally falls.

44. Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

45. Bayan Kara and Bohai Sea

46. Ningxia Plain

47. Estuary and Jin Meng

48. Surface rivers

49. Middle Reaches and Loess Plateau

50. Mount Tanggula, East; Length, water quantity and basin area; Water treasure house, golden waterway

5 1, Yichang and Hukou

52. Upstream and Yibin

Jingjiang River is curved and straight.

54. The main tributaries above Yichang are Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, and the Hanjiang River is in the north.

55. Protection and cultivation; Cherish and save use

56, the total amount is rich, and the per capita is insufficient.

57. Cultivated land, woodland, grassland and construction land

58, small, unreasonable, cultivated land, woodland, difficult to use land, reserve land resources, people and cultivated land.

59. The eastern monsoon region has a humid climate, and the average annual precipitation in the western inland area is less than 400 mm.

60. Soil erosion, land desertification and indiscriminate occupation of cultivated land.

6 1, cherish and rationally use every inch of land, and effectively protect cultivated land.

62. Marine and freshwater resources

63, polar and alpine glaciers, deep groundwater; Rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater

Brazil, Russia, Canada, USA and Indonesia

65. Summer, winter and spring; Xingxiu Reservoir

66. Nanfeng is lacking in the north, northwest of North China, and inter-basin water transfer.

67. Yangtze River, North China and Northwest China

68.rescue

69.transportation

70. Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Changsha

7 1, Tibet Railway Transportation

72. aviation

73. Expressway,

74. Water transport and railways

75. Farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries

Agriculture.

77. Pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet.

78. Northeast, Southwest and Southeast. the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River

79. Rice in the south and wheat in the north.

80. Oil production has formed two major producing areas.

8 1, sugar crops showed obvious ""distribution characteristics.

82. Cotton production is mainly in the north, forming three major cotton regions: North China, South China and South China.

83. It is the leading industry of the national economy.

84. It is the earliest high-tech experimental zone established in China.

85. Main features of high-tech industries 1. Among employees, this proportion is very large. 2。 In the sales revenue, the expenses used for and account for a large proportion, 3. Update quickly.

86. High-tech production is the "leading" industry of harmonious main business.

87. Most of China's high-tech industrial development zones are attached to, showing decentralized distribution characteristics.

88. To develop agriculture according to local conditions, on the one hand, we should consider the differences of natural environment, on the other hand, we should consider the constraints of social and economic conditions.

1. What are the advantages of China's geographical location? P3

2. How much do you know about the living customs of ethnic minorities? P 17

3. What influence does the topography have on China's climate, river flow direction and east-west traffic? P23

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of mountainous areas? P30

5. What are the effects of different temperature zones on our production and life? P34

6. What impact does the difference between dry and wet areas have on our production and life? P37

7. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of land resources in China? P67

8. Problems and countermeasures of agricultural development in China? P 105

9. Geographical article "Developed areas along the eastern coast should actively develop export-oriented agriculture"

Fragments? P 107

10, the characteristics of high-tech industry? P 1 13

80. The Yangtze River Rapeseed Belt and Huanghuai Peanut Area

8 1, Longnan Beitian

82. Southern Xinjiang, Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin

Industry.

84. Beijing Zhongguancun

85, scientific and technological personnel, research and development, products

Electronics and information

87, big cities, large dispersion, small concentration