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Brief account of Qian Xuesen's deeds
Comrade Qian Xuesen is an outstanding patriotic scientist in China, the third-generation flag bearer of aviation and aerodynamics, the founder of engineering cybernetics, and a figure in applied mathematics and applied mechanics in the twentieth century. In the 1940s, he became one of the most outstanding representatives in the aerospace field, keeping pace with his mentor von Carmen, and was one of the few superstars in many disciplines in the 20th century. Comrade Qian Xuesen is also an outstanding representative of the older generation of scientists, and has made inestimable contributions to the growth of new China. He is the most representative national builder among patriotic returnees in New China and a great people's scientist in the history of New China. He is known as "the father of China's space flight", "the father of Chinese missiles", "the king of rockets" and "the father of China's automation control". China the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and won the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Meritorious Medal awarded by the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
1950, Comrade Qian Xuesen tried to return to the motherland. Kimble, then undersecretary of the US Navy, declared: "Qian Xuesen is worth five divisions wherever he goes. I would rather kill him in America than let him leave. " Comrade Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the American government, placed under house arrest and lost his freedom.
1955 10 After Premier Zhou Enlai's continuous efforts in diplomatic negotiations with the United States-even at the expense of releasing1/kloc-0, a senior American general captured in the Korean War, Comrade Qian Xuesen finally broke through various obstacles and returned to the motherland. 1958 Since April, he has been the technical director of rocket, missile and spacecraft development for a long time.
At the beginning of 1956, he submitted the Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry to the Central Committee and the State Council; In the same year, according to his suggestion, the State Council and the Central Military Commission established the Aviation Industry Committee, the leading body of missile and aviation research, and appointed him as a member.
From 65438 to 0956, he participated in the first five-year science plan of China. Qian Xuesen, together with Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang, was called the "San Qian" of China science and technology by Zhou Enlai. Qian Xuesen was appointed to set up the first rocket and missile research institute in China, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and served as the first president. He presided over the completion of the plan of "establishing jet and rocket technology" and participated in short-range missiles and medium-and short-range missiles.
Qian Xuesen cooperated with national leader Mao Zedong (13) to develop China's first artificial earth satellite, directly led the "two-bomb combination" test of medium-and short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs, participated in the formulation of the "two-bomb combination" test of short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs in China, participated in the formulation of the development plan of China's first interstellar aviation, and developed and established engineering cybernetics and systematics.
In the field of control science, 1954, Qian Xuesen published Engineering Cybernetics, which caused a sensation in the field of control and formed the research climax of control science in the 1950s and 1960s. 65438-0957, Engineering Cybernetics won the first prize of Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences. In September of the same year, the inaugural meeting of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) elected Qian Xuesen as the executive director of the first IFAC Council, and he became the only China person in the first IFAC Council.
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Vice Chairman, Member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences, Honorary Chairman of China Aerospace Society and Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology. 199 1 In June, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal. In the field of applied mechanics, Qian Xuesen did pioneering research in aerodynamics and solid mechanics, revealed some temperature changes in the compressible boundary layer, and introduced the concept of upper and lower critical Mach numbers into transonic flow for the first time. 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, and advocated that the macroscopic mechanical properties of matter should be determined from microscopic laws, which opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure.
In the field of system engineering and system science, Qian Xuesen put forward the concept of the general design department of national economic construction in the early 1980s, and insisted on popularizing and applying the concept of aerospace system engineering to the whole country and national economic construction, and explored the social system from the perspective of social form and open complex giant system. He developed the systematics and methodology of opening complex giant systems.
In the field of jet propulsion and aerospace technology, Qian Xuesen put forward and realized the rocket flying aid device in the 1940s, which shortened the runway distance. 1949, he put forward the concept of rocket passenger plane and the idea of nuclear rocket; 1962, he put forward the concept of a round-trip transportation system between heaven and earth with a large plane equipped with a jet engine as the first-stage vehicle and an aircraft equipped with a rocket engine as the second-stage vehicle.
In the field of thinking science, Qian Xuesen proposed the establishment of the Department of Thinking Science and Technology in the early 1980s, arguing that thinking science is a science dealing with consciousness and brain, spirit and matter, subjective and objective, and promoting the research of thinking science is the need of the computer technology revolution.
He advocated that the development of thinking science should be combined with the work of artificial intelligence and intelligent computers, and applied systematic scientific methods to the research of thinking science, and put forward a systematic view of thinking; In addition, Qian Xuesen also made important contributions to the humanities and the scientific and technological system. Is one of the pioneers and founders of human life science.
Comrade Qian Xuesen 1959 joined the China * * * Production Party, and served as director of the Institute of Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, vice director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, honorary chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, vice chairman of the sixth session, member of the seventh and eighth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences, honorary chairman of the China Aerospace Society, and senior consultant of the Science and Technology Committee of the General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. 199 1 In June, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal. In Qian Xuesen's mind, "the country is important, the family is light, learning is important, and fame and fortune are the lightest." Returning to China in five years, two bombs in ten years. "Money will always be a treasure house of knowledge, a banner of science, a model of China intellectuals and a great people's scientist. Premier Zhou called them "San Qian" together with Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang.
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Brief introduction of Qian Xuesen's deeds?
Qian Xuesen is a great patriot. 1955+00 June, under the care of proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, he broke through many obstacles and returned to the socialist motherland. 1June, 958 gloriously joined the China * * * production party. Despite the lack of manpower and material resources at that time, he devoted himself enthusiastically to the cutting-edge scientific research and personnel training of China's national defense with infinite love and loyalty to the motherland and people, and made historic and outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of China's rocket, missile and space undertakings. 199 1 year, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded him the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal of the Military Commission. 1999, in order to reward his outstanding meritorious service, the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded him the "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal".
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Qian Xuesen's deeds
How much do you know about Qian Xuesen's story?
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Brief introduction and main deeds of Qian Xuesen: 350 words
Qian Jianxue Sen (191.12.1-2009.438+00.31), Han nationality, is the 33rd grandson of Wang Qian Liu. World-renowned scientist, aerodynamicist, founder of China manned space flight, academician of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering, winner of China's two bombs and one satellite meritorious medal, known as "the father of China's space flight", "the father of China's missiles", "the father of China's automatic control" and "the king of rockets", China's missiles and atomic bombs were launched at least 20 years earlier due to Qian Xuesen's return to China. 2. Qian Xuesen's main deeds (1) Main deeds 1 Qian Xuesen spent 20 years in the United States, made outstanding achievements in aviation science, became a famous rocket expert, and made contributions to American military science. 1949, he was very excited when he learned that the new China was founded, and decided to go back to China to participate in the construction. However, the United States is hostile to China, fearing that Qian Xuesen's return to China would be detrimental to them, so it tried every means to obstruct it. The deputy secretary of the US Navy also said viciously, "I would rather shoot him than let him leave the United States. He knows too much, and one person can top five divisions! " Therefore, the US falsely accused Qian Xuesen of being a spy in China and arrested him. Although he was later released, he was still under close surveillance. Qian Xuesen did not give in, lodged a solemn protest with the United States, and his determination to return to China was even greater. He put away three small boxes at home, ready to start at any time. After that, Qian Xuesen, who was detained by the US for five years under the questioning of the China government, finally returned to China by boat at 1955. He came to Tiananmen Square and said excitedly, "I believe I can definitely come back, and now I finally come back!" " "After returning to China, Qian Xuesen has made great contributions to China's missile and space undertakings and is one of the most prestigious scientists. (2) Main story 2 1947, just 36-year-old China scientist Qian Xuesen was hired as a tenured professor by MIT. This is a high honor, which indicates Qian Xuesen's generous treatment and great prospects. Why does the United States value Qian Xuesen so much? Because he is an excellent student of Von Carmen, the top expert in American aviation science, and one of the five members of the Rocket Research Group of California Institute of Technology, the earliest rocket research organization in the United States. Under the guidance of von Carmen, rocket research has made great progress and contributed to the victory of the anti-fascist war. In those hard days, Qian Xuesen showed outstanding talent. An aviation science formula that occupies an important position in the history of aviation science: the famous "Carmen-Qian formula" was born. This is a formula put forward by von Carmen and made by Qian Xuesen, which is still widely used in aviation technology research. However, when Qian Xuesen learned the news of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the scientist who had been thinking about his motherland was suddenly immersed in great joy. Qian Xuesen lived in the United States for more than 10 years, also known as "the first leading rocket expert in the United States", with money, status and reputation. But he thought: I am from China, and my roots are in China. I can let go of everything in America, but I can't let go of my motherland. I should return to my motherland as soon as possible and contribute all my strength to building a new China! He also told China students: "The motherland has been liberated, and the country urgently needs to build talents. We should apply what we have learned to the construction of the motherland as soon as possible. "Qian Xuesen's decision to return to China caused panic in the United States. They believe that if Qian Xuesen's expertise is brought back, China's science and technology will advance at a high speed. A leader of the US Navy once said to an American official in charge of leaving the country: "I would rather shoot Qian Xuesen than let him leave the United States! "Qian Xuesen is worth at least five divisions. Qian Xuesen's plan to return to China was seriously blocked. Official American documents informed him that he was not allowed to leave the United States. It turned out that his luggage had been loaded on the barge and was ready to be transported back to the motherland by water. However, the US Customs insisted that the books and notebooks he wanted to bring back to China contained important secrets and slandered Qian Xuesen as a "spy". In fact, some of these books and notebooks are open textbooks, and some are Qian Xuesen's own academic research records. A wave of unrest, another wave. A few days later, Qian Xuesen was suddenly arrested, detained in an island detention center and tortured. Every night, the guards come into the room and turn on the light every 10 minutes, which makes him unable to sleep at all. Qian Xuesen's experience aroused the sympathy of colleagues and students of California Institute of Technology who insisted on justice. Under the strong protest of them and other upright people, united states secret service was forced to release him. But the persecution of Qian Xuesen did not stop. They restricted his movements, monitored and checked his letters, telephone calls and so on. Despite all kinds of restrictions, Qian Xuesen did not give in. He kept making solemn demands: resolutely leave the United States and go back to China! During his efforts to return to China, Qian Xuesen was more concerned with the construction of the motherland. He often learned about the situation of New China from newspapers and periodicals such as Overseas Chinese Daily, and discussed the construction of the motherland with China scientists and overseas students. In order to return to China quickly, he rented a house and signed a short-term contract I have prepared three light boxes at home, ready to fly back to China at any time every day. Five years have passed. Qian Xuesen's struggle to return to China won the support of people who uphold justice all over the world, and also received great care from the China government. Premier Zhou Enlai personally understood his situation, and instructed the China delegates attending the Sino-US ambassadorial talks to raise the issue of Dr. Qian Xuesen's return to China during the talks. 1In August, 955, the diplomatic struggle finally won, and the US government was forced to allow Qian Xuesen to return to China. The morning after his arrival in Beijing, Qian Xuesen came to Tiananmen Square with his wife and two children. He said excitedly, "I believe I can definitely return to my motherland. At this moment, I finally came back! "Qian Xuesen, who broke through many obstacles and returned to China, plunged into the study of military science. He devoted himself to studying what he had learned, paid close attention to foreign scientific trends, and constantly introduced new scientific research achievements, making great contributions to the national defense cause of the motherland. Known as the "father of missiles", he was awarded the honorary title of "National Model Worker" by the State Council. How many people dream of living in America and being hired as tenured professors. But for the sake of the prosperity of the motherland, Qian Xuesen put all this down. Today, when the economic tide hits the society like a scourge, Qian Xuesen's patriotic words and deeds undoubtedly condense the soul of the Chinese nation and show the shocking power of patriotism to people with lofty ideals. (3) Main Story 3 Qian Xuesen's life can be said to have experienced storms. He was born in the era of China's domestic troubles and foreign invasion, and he was at the mercy of others. He is the son-in-law of Jiang Baili, a famous Chinese military scientist. In order to save the endangered motherland, Qian Xuesen first went to the United States to study for knowledge, but was forcibly detained by the United States after returning home. After traveling abroad for several years, he finally returned to the embrace of the motherland and devoted himself to the construction of the motherland. He made great contributions to the development of missile and aviation science in China during World War II. 1September 1923, Qian Xuesen 12 years old. He entered the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University and was admitted to department of mechanical engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University six years later. 1934, Qian Xuesen obtained the qualification of the second publicly-funded international student in Tsinghua University in the United States. 1In August, 935, Qian Xuesen left the turbulent motherland on an American mail boat in Shanghai, looking at the Huangpu River in the distance, and white waves rolled. Qian Xuesen is full of thoughts. He silently said to himself, "Goodbye, my dear motherland, now you are in power. I want to go to the other side of the ocean and learn the most advanced technology, so that you can revive in the East as soon as possible! "In September of the same year, Qian Xuesen went to the United States and successfully entered the Aviation Department of MIT. Extended data:
Qian Xuesen's main honors are 1 and 1957, and he won the first prize in natural science of China Academy of Sciences. 2. 199 1 In June, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal. 3. 1999, the Central the State Council and the Central Military Commission decided to award Qian Xuesen the "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal". 4.200 1 The second "Fok Ying Tung Outstanding Award" was awarded by Fok Ying Tung Award Committee (China District). 5. In 2006, he won the "highest honor award for China's space industry in 50 years". In 2007, he was awarded "Touching China Person of the Year". 7. On June 3rd, 2009 165438+ 10/KLOC-0, the second China Green Development Forum awarded Qian Xuesen the "China Lifetime Achievement Award for Green Contribution". Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Xuesen
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The main deeds of Qian Xuesen
Qian Xuesen's Scientific Contribution to China's Engineering Physics. Qian Xuesen is the leader of missile engineering and aerospace engineering in China and the founder of systems engineering cybernetics. The successful launch of Dongfanghong artificial earth satellite and shenzhou spaceship indicates that China's engineering physics has been at the forefront of world science! Qian Xuesen's Scientific Contribution to China's Theoretical Physics. Qian Xuesen put forward three levels of the universe-microscopic world, macroscopic world and cosmic world. Under the guidance of Qian Xuesen's scientific thought, Yinao put forward the theory of cosmic unity, discovered the relationship of cosmic structure, and gave the calculation formulas of five basic forces of the universe. Qian Xuesen's scientific contribution to thinking science. Qian Xuesen put forward that "thinking science is the theoretical basis of artificial intelligence and intelligent machines" and that "brain science, thinking science, artificial intelligence and intelligent machines are the cutting-edge technologies in 2 1 century". Under the guidance of Qian Xuesen's scientific thought, Yinao proposed that China people have three magic weapons-human brain, computer and Yinao. The human brain is a thinking tool, the computer is a thinking tool, and Yi brain is also a thinking tool. Yinao can carry out scientific consultation, scientific planning, scientific research and scientific management, which indicates that China's thinking science has been at the forefront of the world's science! Qian Xuesen served as the technical director of China's rocket and space program for a long time, and made great pioneering contributions in space technology, system science and system engineering. Aerospace and Jet: From the 1940s to the early 1960s, Qian Xuesen put forward some important concepts in the field of rockets and aerospace: in the 40s, he put forward and realized the rocket-assisted takeoff device (JATO), which shortened the runway distance; 1949, put forward the concept of rocket passenger plane and the idea of nuclear rocket; 1953 studied the possibility of interplanetary flight theory. In "Introduction to Interstellar Navigation" published by 1962, a large aircraft with a jet engine is proposed as a first-class vehicle. Expanded information Qian Xuesen's main achievements: two bombs and one satellite: 1956 1956 In early 1956, Qian Xuesen put forward the Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry to the Central Committee and the State Council. At the same time, Qian Xuesen established the first rocket and missile research institute in China, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and served as the first president. He presided over the completion of the plan of "establishing jet and rocket technology", participated in the development of short-range missiles, medium-and short-range missiles and China's first artificial earth satellite, directly led the "two-bomb combination" test of medium-and short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs, participated in the formulation of the "two-bomb combination" test of short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs in China, participated in the formulation of the development plan of China's first interstellar aviation, and developed and established engineering cybernetics and systematics. Under the leadership of Qian Xuesen,1964/kloc-0 succeeded in exploding China's first atomic bomb in June,/kloc-0 succeeded in exploding China's first hydrogen bomb in June, 967, and/kloc-0 succeeded in launching China's first artificial satellite on April 24, 970. Applied mechanics: Qian Xuesen has done pioneering work in many fields of mechanics. He has made many achievements in aerodynamics, the most prominent of which is the similarity law of transonic flow. Together with Carmen, he put forward the concept of hypersonic flow for the first time, which provided a theoretical basis for aircraft to overcome thermal and sound barriers in the early stage and laid an important theoretical foundation for the development of aerodynamics. The formula used in the design of high subsonic aircraft is Carmen-Qian Xuesen formula, named after Carmen and Qian Xuesen. In addition, Qian Xuesen and Carmen put forward a new nonlinear instability theory of spherical shells and cylindrical shells in the late 1930s. References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Xuesen
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Qian Xuesen's profile is 200 words.
Qian Xuesen (1911.12.1-2009.10.31), Han nationality, the 33rd Sun Wu of Qian Liu, a Shanghainese, is a ancestor. World-renowned scientist, aerodynamicist, founder of manned space flight in China, "father of China's scientific system" and "king of rockets", due to Qian Xuesen's return to China, China's missiles and atomic bombs were launched at least 20 years earlier. Qian Xuesen 19 1 1 was born in Shanghai and his ancestral home was Lin 'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. 1entered the middle school attached to Beijing Normal University in September, 923. 1929 was admitted to the railway engineering department of Shanghai Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ministry of Railways, 1934 graduated from national chiao tung university (now Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi Jiaotong University). In June, he was admitted to the 7th Geng Prize in Tsinghua University to study in the United States. 1935 entered the aviation department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in September, and 1936 obtained a master's degree in aviation engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and then transferred to the aviation department of California Institute of Technology to study, becoming a student of Theodore von Kármán, a world-famous great scientist, and soon became the most important student of von Carmen. Personal works: engineering cybernetics, lectures on physical mechanics, introduction to interstellar travel, system engineering, thinking science, geography science, science and art science, humanities and modern science and technology, creative systematics, macro-architecture and micro-architecture, and Qian Xuesen's discussion on rockets, missiles and aerospace. Expanding Information It took Qian Xuesen a lifetime to set up the ambition of saving the country by reading. Nearly 20,000 books collected by Qian Xuesen Library of Shanghai Jiaotong University are the "material wealth" accumulated by his life-long reading practice, which shows the reading course of a scientist and thinker. Generally speaking, in the early years, natural science and engineering technology were the mainstay, and in the later years, humanities and social sciences were the mainstay, among which Marxism was the majority. This reflects the development process of Qian Xuesen's thought turning to Marxism through science and technology. Most of these books are ordinary books and periodicals published at home and abroad, which shows that the purpose of collecting books is "reading" rather than "hiding". Of course, it is impossible for him to read every book in detail, but to deal with the relationship between intensive reading and extensive reading. When introducing the "mystery" of reading, he said: "When you have a certain knowledge base and can be guided by Marxist philosophy, you will read quickly. As soon as other people's things are turned over, they know what they are talking about, and they can quickly see what their actual successes and shortcomings are. " He is not complacent, but insists on keeping pace with the times. Red Flag, the theoretical publication of the Party, was founded on 1958, and later renamed Qiushi magazine. Every issue is required reading. At the same time, he also subscribed to Xinhua Digest, Philosophical Research and Marxism and Reality for a long time at his own expense. It can be said that these Marxist works are like a "load-bearing wall" supporting Qian Xuesen's ideological building.
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