What are the characteristics and customs of Fuzhou Stove Festival?

Up to now, we have learned more and more about western festivals, but the traditional festivals in China have not been paid as much attention as before. The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is the festival of offering sacrifices to stoves, which young people probably don't know now. So what are the characteristics and customs of this traditional festival in Fuzhou, Fujian? Let's have a look!

Offering sacrifices to the kitchen stove is a traditional festival custom in Fuzhou, that is, offering sacrifices to the kitchen god and sending him to heaven. Legend has it that the Kitchen God is an "observer" sent by the Jade Emperor to various families, accepting the incense of a family, protecting the health of a family, observing the good and evil of a family, and playing a god with merits and demerits. People regard this kitchen god, who decides the fate of a family, as the "head of the family" and call him kitchen god, kitchen god, kitchen god and so on. Sacrificing a stove is to bid farewell to the kitchen king.

People also pay attention to setting the day of offering sacrifices to stoves on the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month. It is said that it takes a total of nine to ten days for the chef to travel to and from heaven, and he must leave on the 23rd of the abortion and the 24th of the big month, and then come down to work on the 4th of the first month of the following year. As the saying goes in Fuzhou, "three officials, four people and five subjects". It means that officials sacrificed 23 times, ordinary people sacrificed 24 times and water residents sacrificed 25 times.

Fuzhou people sacrifice stoves for two days. Twenty-three nights sacrifice meat stoves, and twenty-four nights sacrifice vegetable stoves. "Fuzhou Customs Zhi Zhu Ci" says: "People will sacrifice the life of the oriental chef, that is, the chef king. According to the usual practice, a new person will be appointed in the Year of the Chef King, and the old and the new will alternate.1February 24th. So, on the evening of the 23rd, a meat dish was prepared as a sacrifice, with the words: "Big fish and big meat with new grain, and the chef smiled. ".Last week, Heaven prayed for good words, and next year, we will bless and eliminate disasters. Get drunk three times in advance, and list a few knockers. Only carrots and oranges will be left tomorrow, and the sugar cakes are all on the roof.

1On the evening of February 24th, people prepared vegetarian dishes to offer sacrifices to the kitchen god, such as kitchen sugar stove cakes, spinach, water chestnut, tofu (with the word "Fu" printed on it), sugar cane, peanuts and oranges, accompanied by sake. It is written between the lines: Siming is about to restore the emperor, and good and evil in his hands dare to hide from God. Without more respect for three glasses of water, I beg to forgive my family's extreme poverty. ..... Yesterday was meat, now is food, and the son Cao Sha takes care of each other.

On the day of offering sacrifices to the kitchen in Fuzhou, people always stick "kitchen flowers" (commonly known as "kitchen paper") on the wall of the kitchen (kitchen). This is a red woodcut portrait of the kitchen god with the words "East Chef" written on it, and there is a couplet on the left and right: "Harmonize Ding Fuxian's house and educate the Prime Minister of Yin and Yang". Some people put couplets on both sides of the Buddha statue. The first part says: "Heaven speaks well", and the second part says: "Peace in the lower world". Cross dressing is the "head of the family".

The sacrifices on the stove were carefully arranged. Antelope was used in ancient times, and later people changed it to sugar cakes. And the legend of antelope is used to hope for a rich life; Sugar cakes are used to make the kitchen god eat sweet, and speak well when reporting. When offering sacrifices to the stove, light incense sticks and hold wine. Family members kowtow and pray devoutly. There is a folk song in Fuzhou to worship the kitchen stove: "The tail pear (water chestnut) is sharp, and the kitchen god goes to heaven."

The kitchen god speaks well in the sky, and the kitchen god protects Nong in the field. Bless Nong dad to earn money and bless Nong milk to live long. Bless Brother Nong to marry his elder sister-in-law, and Brother Pi Ruo to beg his younger brother (sister-in-law) ... "Pay special attention to the use of sugar when offering sacrifices to the stove, and after the sacrifice, I also grabbed a handful of sugar and painted it at the door of the stove, which means sticking the mouth of the kitchen god and letting him talk less nonsense. After the worship, the old kitchen paper will be melted and sent to the kitchen god, and then replaced with a new one.

Every year, people come home with a new image of the kitchen king (you can't say "buy") and "please" to replace the old image of the kitchen king that has been smoldering for a year. It seems that the Spring Festival is coming soon. Before offering sacrifices to the stove, grandparents should give their grandchildren candy stove cakes and flower face shells (masks). In the old society, medical technology was underdeveloped, and superstitious people thought that wearing a painted face shell would make the plague god unable to see the true face of children and could ward off evil spirits.

Today, some families in Fuzhou still have the habit of offering sacrifices to stoves, but flower shells have become children's toys. Kitchen God is also considered as the founder of the kitchen line, so there is a kitchen temple. On the third day of August every year, chefs go to worship and offer wine to invite their peers.

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