Meta-literary common sense

Yuanqu originated from the so-called "Fanqu" and "Le Hu" and was first circulated among the people, and was called "Street Tune" or "Village Square Minor". With the destruction of Song Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, it spread in the vast areas of north and south, centering on Dadu (now Beijing) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou).

Yuanqu has strict metrical formula, and each qupai has fixed format requirements in sentence pattern, word number, level tone and so on. Although there is a fixed frame, it is not rigid. It is allowed to intersperse in the fixed frame, add sentences to some qupai, and allow flat strokes in rhyme, which is more flexible than quatrains in regular poems and Song Ci.

Different characteristics of the early and late Yuan Dynasty

First, the early stage was the heyday of Yuan Zaju, and the writers mainly lived in Dadu, Pingyang and Dongping. Representative writers include Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Wang Shifu. There are 80 kinds of Yuan Zaju, all of which are famous tragic masterpieces.

1. Early dramas have strong characteristics of the times, which truly reflect the social reality at that time and create a series of vivid characters who dare to resist.

2. The language is based on the northern dialect and the spoken language of the Central Plains, which absorbs the nutrition of folk singing art and has the characteristics of simplicity, naturalness, vividness and pungent.

3. The combination with the stage is very close, which fully shows the vitality of art, that is, the so-called true colors.

Secondly, the later zaju creation moved to Hangzhou, with Zheng Guangzu, Gong Tianting, Qiao Guang and Qin as writers who moved northward. The southward migration of important writers is one of the reasons for the demise of zaju creation.

1. Later works lack the reality of early creation, and love dramas, literati story dramas and immortal Taoist dramas have developed. At the same time, the pursuit of artistic beauty and the twists and turns of the plot lost the charm of the early stage.

2) After the writer moved to the south, the creation of zaju was divorced from the soil of production and development. With the coexistence and gradual changes of Southern Opera, the form of Zaju inevitably declined.

Extended data

The four masters of Yuan Qu refer to Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Zheng Guangzu and Ma Zhiyuan. They represent the achievements of different schools in different periods of Yuan Zaju, so they are called "four masters of Yuan Zaju".

The four tragedies of Yuan Zaju are Guan Hanqing's Yuan, Bai Pu's Rain, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty and Ji's Orphan of Zhao. Four major love dramas in Yuan Dynasty: Moon Pavilion by Guan Hanqing, Romance of the West Chamber by Wang Shifu, Climbing the Wall at once by Bai Pu and Ghost Story by Zheng Guangzu. The four southern operas are Jing Ke, Willow, The Story of Worship and Killing, The Story of the White Rabbit, Mingyue Pavilion (not written by Guan Hanqing) and Killing Dogs.

Guan Hanqing's zaju has a wide range of themes and rich contents, which exposes the ugliness and corruption of the dark forces in society, praises the fighting spirit of the people, especially young women, and permeates the brilliant thoughts of democracy and humanitarianism in his profound description of reality. His representative works, Dou E Yuan, Wangjiang Pavilion and Single Knife Club, have been performed for hundreds of years.

Bai Pu's Wu Tongyu is based on Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, which describes the story of Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Guifei. Its language is elegant, luxurious and gorgeous, which is the first of the zaju school.

Autumn in the Han Palace by Ma Zhiyuan is one of the top ten classical tragedies in China, which tells the story of Zhao Jun's departure from the Great Wall. It boldly changed the historical facts, shaped the image of Wang Zhaojun as a patriot who put national interests first, and attacked the fatuity and incompetence of officials and military commanders around the emperor.

Zheng Guangzu's works are mainly plays describing the love life of men and women. He is good at literary talent and elegant language, and is deeply influenced by Wang Shifu.

The arrangement and evaluation of these writers of Yuan Opera vary from person to person and from time to time. In Ghost Record by Zhong Sicheng in Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing was listed as the first zaju writer, while Jia called Guan Hanqing "the head of the pear garden, the editor-in-chief and the head of the zaju troupe". But in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Quan's Taihe Yin Zhengpu first recommended Ma Zhiyun as "superior" and regarded Guan Hanqing as "a talented person who can be promoted and demoted".

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuanqu

2. Seek common sense of literature in senior one (a little more)

Commonly used metonyms: 1, Sang: hometown 2, Tao Li: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate 6, beacon smoke: war 7, woman 8, bamboo and silk: music 9, man: man. Hand and foot: brother 12, history: history 13, husband and wife: husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi: common people 15, listless, yellow hair: old man 16, Sang Ma: farming 65433. Looking down: children 18, three feet: fa 19, below the knee: parents 20, canopy: luck 2 1, letter, Jane, stationery, Hongyan, Za: letter 22, temple: imperial court 2, author's work:/kloc-0. They were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. 3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai, Du Fu. Little Du Li: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan, the earliest great poet in China, created a new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and a romantic style of China's poetry. 7. Confucius, named Zhong Ni, was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is a Confucian. They are also called Confucius and Mencius. 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting." 9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poems widely and profoundly reflected the social reality and were called "the history of poetry". Therefore, Du Fu was known as "the sage of poetry" and had three famous officials: Tongguan official and Shi Haoguan. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, old love farewell and homelessness farewell. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also called Taishi Gongshu), which was written by Sima Qian in Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians". *** 130 articles. 1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four great masters in Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan. "Ambition" is narrative, and "alienation" is a strange thing. 14. Four great calligraphers: f incarnation, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Zhao Meng 15. The main schools and representatives of a hundred schools of thought contended during the Warring States Period: Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Legalism, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Li Ezi, Mohism and Mozi1. Cen Can, Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Tang Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock and Shylock. The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream. Fourth, cultural knowledge: 1, four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty:, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo. Second, the Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. Three, the "four classic masterpieces": A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin. The prose of the world's four great short story masters, Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Mark Twain, O Henry 6 and Su Shi, represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and their poems are called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. 7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" is known as "the ancestor of Qiu Si". 8. Cao Xueqin "read for ten years and added or deleted five books. After it came out, it spread widely and was deeply loved by people. A Dream of Red Mansions, a subject devoted to this book, also appeared, and now it has become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet"; Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the "drummer of the times" (drummer poet). 10, three friends of cold age: pine, bamboo and plum. 1 1, the four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. 12, and four friends of literati: qinqi calligraphy and painting. Set. 15, the six meanings in The Book of Songs refer to: style, elegance, praise (classification), fu, comparison, xing (expression). 16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels. 17, Gui, Aotou, and Qing novels.

3. Yuan Zaju literature common sense

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Original publisher: Wang Yixia.

Understanding of Yuan Zaju is a drama of Yuan Dynasty. Zaju was originally a general term, meaning all kinds of dramas. Zaju began to be used in the late Tang Dynasty. Although Song and Jin Dynasties have the name of zaju, its contents include singing and dancing, funny performances, acrobatics, singing and other skills, but it is still not a pure drama. In the Yuan Dynasty, it developed into a real Yuan Zaju on the basis of the previous Zaju. He flourished in the late13rd century, forming a wonder in the history of China literature and art ... Yuan Dynasty zaju is an art form of comprehensive performance, rap, music and dance. Each book is generally 60% off, generally divided according to the beginning, development, * * * and ending of the plot. Sometimes, in order to meet the needs of the plot, a "wedge" is added in addition to the 40% discount, some of which are interspersed in the middle of the script, which is equivalent to the deletion in the drama, and some are placed at the beginning of the drama, which is equivalent to the prelude of the drama. At the end of each drama, there are two, four or eight poems, which sum up the whole drama and are called "getting to the point". The lyrics of Yuan Zaju account for a large proportion, and the requirements for music are strict, and each fold is composed of several songs with the same palace tune (musical tune). The tone of compromise remains unchanged. The composition of a drama script includes three parts: singing (singing), dialogue (dialogue) and action (expression). Generally, the whole play is sung by one of the main actors, and the other characters have nothing to sing. The main character is usually "Zheng Dan" or "Zheng Dan", so the script is divided into "burden book" or "classic book". The roles of Yuan Zaju are generally divided into four categories: the end, the Dan, the clean and the miscellaneous. Play more middle-aged men at the end. The ending refers to the hero in the play. Dan, play the role of a woman. Zheng Dan refers to the heroine in the play. Play a scene with a strong or rough personality, commonly known as the painted face. Miscellaneous, play the role of handyman, etc. Structure: Generally, Yuan Zaju is a complete story with 60% discount, and some are 50% discount, 60% discount or even more. Folding is the unit of music organization and story development.

4. What are the common sense of China literature?

There are many, too many: 1. The first poetess: Cai Yan (also known as Cai Wenji) 2. The first poetess: Li Qingzhao 3. The first pastoral poet: Tao Yuanming? 4. The first great patriotic poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: Qu Yuan 5. The first writer to win the title of People's Artist: Lao She 6. The first writer to open a fairy tale garden: Ye Shengtao 7. The first recorded work: The Analects of Confucius 8. General history of the first biography: Historical Records 9. The first chronicle: Chunqiu 10. First National History: Mandarin 168. Canon: erya 13. The first dictionary: Shuo Wen Jie Zi 14. The first encyclopedia: Yongle Dadian 15. The first book of poetry is: The Book of Songs 16. Myth episode 1: Shan Hai Jing 17. China's Classical Novels: The World. Collection of short stories in humanities: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio 20. The first short story in the history of new literature: Diary of a Madman 2 1. The first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West 22. The first satirical novel: The Scholars 23. The first military book: The Art of War 24. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology 25. The first long narrative poem: Peacock flies southeast 26. The 28th reportage of the thesis is: Xia Yan-Contract Worker 29. The first special collection to record the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: Warring States Policy 30. The first monograph on literary theory criticism: Liu Xie/Wen Xin Diao Long 3 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism: Zhong Rong-Poetry 32. The first comprehensive academic work written in notebooks by popular science works: Northern Song Dynasty. Shen Guofang's pen talk 33. The first diary travel notes: Ming Dynasty? Xu Hongzu/Xu Xiake Travel Notes 34. The first translation introducing evolution: Evolution translated by Huxley/Yan Fu 2: 1. Sima Qian and Sima Xiangru 2. Da Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu 3. Little Du Li: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 5. The two representatives of Confucianism are Kong Qiu and Mencius.

6. During the reign of Kaiyuan Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, there appeared two schools of frontier poems, represented by Gao Shi and Meng Zi, and pastoral poems, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zi. 7. Song Ci is divided into two schools: the former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao. 8. The May 4th New Culture Movement held high two banners against the old morality. & gt the authors are: Russian Nikolai Gogol, China Lu Xun 10. Yuefu Shuangbi: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, Yin is Yuefu Sanjue 1 1. Historical records are like mirrors 12. Two beats: the first instant surprise, the second instant surprise 13. Poetry: Iliad Odyssey III: 1. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou 2. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Three countries: Wei Shuwu 4. Three colors: red, green and blue 5. Three friends in the cold age: Song 6. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Duke Zhou. Three Caos: Cao Pi and Cao Zhi 8. Public Security Sanyuan: Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao 9. Agricultural yellow emperor 1 1. Father and son of Class 3: Ban Biao Bangu Ban Zhao 12. Three thanks in Southern Dynasties: Xie Lingyun, Xie Tiao, Xie Huilian 13. Three contemporary prose writers: Liu Yangmu. Sanqin: King of Wang Yong Division 15. Sanshan: Penglai. 17. Three Chu: Wu Chu Dong Chu Peng Cheng Xi Chu 18. Jiangnan Sangu Building: Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wang Teng Pavilion in Nanchang 19. Three services: upper, middle, lower, left, right, sea, land and air. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng, Jing 2 1. Three biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period: Zuo Zhuan. Classic Three Rites of the Family: Twenty-four of The Book of Rites. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shihu official and Tongguan official. Three farewells: wedding farewell, old age farewell and homelessness. Guo Moruo: The Goddess Trilogy: The Rebirth of Goddess, No.27 of Guo Xiang Tang Di Hua. Mao Dun: Erosion Trilogy: Disillusionment and Shake in the Countryside Trilogy: Harvest of Spring Silkworm in Autumn and Winter 28. Ba Jin: Love Trilogy: A Collection of Novels: The Story of Screaming and Wandering 30. Gorky's autobiography trilogy is: childhood is on earth, and my university is 3 1. Three histories: Historical Records, Hanshu and Houhanshu 32. Three books: Shu (later generations combined it into one book, called "The History of the Three Kingdoms") 33. Zuo Si's three capitals refer to Du Fu (Chengdu), Du Fu (Nanjing) and Wei Du. Three wonders on the bridge: painting, poetry and calligraphy. Three misers: Old Grande Shylock poured out Higgins. Palace examination Sandingjia: Champion, Champion, No.38 Sanxian: Lide Jiangong, 39. Three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Chinese Painting. Three treasures of Buddhism: Buddhism (great understanding of righteousness) dharma (the doctrine of Buddhism) monk (the person who inherits or preaches the doctrine). Declare commandments as law; Interpret a doctrine as a theory. 42. Three unifications: same place, same time, same plot. 43. Three thousand fingers: three-character classics, hundreds of surnames, 43. Three volts: initial, intermediate and final 45 volts. Sangong: Zhou: Sima Situ Sikong Western Han Dynasty: Prime Minister Tai Wei Imperial Historian Qingming: Taishi Taifu Taibao 46. Scientific research ternary: 47 in the senior high school entrance examination and Huiyuan champion in Xie Yuan, palace examination. Three obeisances and four virtues: three obeisances: unmarried from father, married from husband, dead from son, four virtues: women's virtue, women's words, women's behavior (female worker's manners). Three cardinal guides and five permanents: Yili Zhixin 49. Three Graves and Five Codes: Three Graves: Fuxi Shennong Huangdi Five Codes: Shao Hao Zhuan Xu Gaoxintang Yaoyushun 50. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Huang San; Fuxi Yinren Shennong Five Emperors; Huangdi Zuosuo Di Ku Yaoshun 5 1. Three Mountains and Five Mountains: Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea: Yingzhou Penglai Abbot Five Mountains: Dongyue. Guagu Liupo: Matchmaker Ya Po Qian Po Medicine Po Midwife Shi Po (Witch) 53. Three provinces and six departments: three provinces: Zhongshu Province (decision-making), Xiamen Province (deliberation), Shangshu Province (execution), and six departments: officials, leaders, soldiers and criminals. Three religions and nine streams: three religions: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Buddhism, Taoism, Buddhism and Taoism.

5. Some simple literary knowledge

Common sense of literature

1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi).

2. General history of the first biography: Historical Records

3. The first dictionary is Erya.

The first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian.

5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs.

6. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology

7. The first dictionary: Explain Chinese characters by explaining them.

8. The first collection of myths: Shan Hai Jing

9. China's first collection of classical novels: Shi Shuo Xin Yu

10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese, Search for Ji Shen.

1 1. The first bibliography: The Analects of Confucius

12. The first chronicle book is: Spring and Autumn Period.

13. The first dynastic history: Hanshu

14. The first art book: The Art of War by Sun Tzu

15. Part II Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru

16. Yuefu: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, Fu Qin Yinjia. . .

.. 17. A mirror of historical records.

18. Erpai: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)

19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu

20. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.

2 1. Three Immortals: Lide made meritorious service.

22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

23. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.

24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Duke of Shang Tang.

25. Sanshan: Yingzhou, the abbot of Penglai.

26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

27. Sangong: During the week, Sima Situpu was ordinary.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Qiu was a doctor.

Qingming, Taishi, Taifu Taibao

28. Three Caos: Cao Cao and Cao Pizhi

29. Three elements of public security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao.

30. Sangu Building in Jiangnan: Yueyang Building in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang.

3 1. Three friends in the cold year: Songzhumei

32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing.

33. Three elements of scientific research: first after having obtained the provincial examination, first after taking the exam, first in palace examination, and first in the school (Huiyuan, champion).

34. the palace exam is three-fixed: the champion first explores flowers.

35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.

36. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening the world (Feng Menglong)

37. Confucian Classic Three Rites: The Book of Rites of Zhou Li and Yi Li.

38. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.

39. Three Farewells: Don't get old and homeless when you get married.

40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy-the rebirth of Guo Xiang Tang Di's "Flower of the Goddess"

4 1. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: The Pursuit of Disillusionment and Shake

Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter

42. Ba Jin's Trilogy of "Love": Fog, Rain and Electricity

Riptide trilogy: Spring and Autumn Homeland

43. The first national history: Mandarin

44. The first album recording the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: National Policy and Warring States Policy.

45. The first historical prose with the theme of personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu.

46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan

47. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words).

48. The first monograph on literary criticism: Canon? Paper (Cao Pi)

49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming

50. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Liu Xie, a native of A Liang, wrote his first monograph on literary theory and criticism, Wen Xin Diao Long.

5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism & Zhong Rong's Poems, born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in the form of notes: Meng Qian Bi Tan by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty.

53. The first diary travel notes: Xu Hongzu's Travel Notes of Xu Xiake in Ming Dynasty.

54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao.