What are the origins and differences between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar?

First, the origin of lunar and solar calendars

1, Lunar calendar: The lunar calendar is also called the summer calendar. China's first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, took Yin Jianyue as the first month. Later, the Shang, Zhou, Qin and early Western Han dynasties all advanced, until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promulgated the taichu calendar, which restored the original month order of the Xia calendar. Later dynasties basically followed this monthly order, so the traditional calendar in China after the Revolution of 1911 was called "Summer Calendar".

2. Gregorian calendar: The earliest source of Gregorian calendar can be traced back to the Gregorian calendar of ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians found that the Nile began to flood fifty or sixty days after Sirius first rose with the sun, so they regarded this day as the first day of the year. The ancient Egyptians originally set a year as 360 days, and later changed it to 365 days. This is the earliest solar calendar.

Second, the difference between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar

1, different times

(1) Lunar calendar: The lunar calendar is twelve months in a year, and the time of a year is 354 days or 355 days.

(2) Gregorian calendar: Gregorian calendar has 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year, with a leap year every four years. ?

2. The number of days is different

(1) Lunar calendar: The length of the calendar month is determined according to the astronomical phenomena, with the big month on the 30th and the small month on the 29th.

(2) Gregorian calendar: Gregorian calendar has 365,438+0 days for the big month and 30 days for the small month. The special February 28 is 28 days in a normal year and 29 days in a leap year. ?

3. Different names.

(1) Lunar calendar: The lunar calendar is usually called the first day of a month, such as the eighth, ninth and tenth day of September; Mid-month: September 15, 16; The end of the month is September 30th, and the word "day" is not added after the address.

(2) Gregorian calendar: Gregorian calendar is also called Gregorian calendar, usually called a month and a day, such as March 12, April 20th and May 3rd1day, and the time must be followed by the word "day".