Get down on your knees and ask for answers Grade 8 1 Lesson 3 Practice History.

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What is the answer to the history exercise book of the second semester of senior one?

Number of visits: 4 1 1 reward point: 5 | Question time: 201-3-117: 49 | Questioner: Caesar.

Lesson 1 The Cradle of China Civilization

First, basic exercises

1. 1 ten thousand animal husbandry 2. Yanhuang (or Huangdi) Zhongyuan 3.c4.c5.c?

6. Explicit information: the number of funerary objects is obviously different. Implied message: the gap between the rich and the poor is significant, or private ownership develops and the original equality is broken.

Second, expand the practice.

7.( 1) Architecture, cooked food, fishing and hunting, and aquaculture. (2) Before the invention of writing, myths and legends passed down from mouth to mouth were the exaggerated accounts of ancient history by ancestors. There are exaggerated elements in this. But it also contains some effective information to some extent.

He is good at growing rice and has advanced farm tools. The house where he lives is a pillar building. Boats and boats are the main means of travel, advocating natural things such as birds and the sun.

Lesson 2 Literature and Xia Culture in Archaeology

First, basic exercises

1. Alleviate heredity 2. National Erlitou Culture 3.B4.C5.B6.D7. Hereditary system replaces Zen system, and the society of "the world is home" replaces the society of "the world is public": the Xia Dynasty set up official positions; The Xia dynasty had a certain number of troops; The Xia Dynasty established prisons and enacted criminal laws to suppress the rebels.

Second, expand the practice.

8.( 1) The appearance of palace complex indicates that there may be obvious social differentiation; Bronzes and jade articles are mostly used as ritual vessels and sacrificial vessels, which to some extent reflect the strict social hierarchy and people's reverence for the gods at that time. (2) Archaeological excavations in material 1 confirmed the record of "Guo Cheng's ditch and pond are solid, and propriety and righteousness are the discipline" in material 2: (3) Archaeological excavated sites and relics have the function of confirming or supplementing the literature records.

Lesson 3 Shang Dynasty and Bronze Culture

First, basic exercises

1. Oral and external decoction 2. Businessmen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions 3.B4.A5.C6.D7 Politics: internal and external service system. Economy: attaching importance to agriculture; The bronze casting industry is developed. Culture: Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively mature Chinese character. Thought: worship ghosts and ancestors, salute.

Second, expand the practice.

8.( 1) helps to understand the economic situation, production and living conditions and ruling conditions of the Shang Dynasty. (2) In the material 1, the custom that businessmen should divine everything confirms the statement in the material 2. (3) Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a direct record of the social life of the Shang Dynasty, the first-hand material for studying the history of the Shang Dynasty, and also confirms the records of the Shang Dynasty in some historical documents, making the history of the Shang Dynasty a history of trust.

Unit 1 Unit 1 Exercise

I the origin of agriculture

1. has the characteristics of stars all over the sky and extending in all directions, among which the Central Plains in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is the most concentrated area.

2.* * * The similarity is that dryland agriculture and rice agriculture almost appeared at the same time, showing a pattern of coexistence between north and south. The difference is that rice in the south and millet in the north have different specific crops. The fundamental reason for the difference is the difference of natural environment: the north is dry and rainy, which is suitable for dry farming; The south is wet and rainy, suitable for rice planting.

3.C

4. The origin of agriculture makes human beings not only rely on gathering, fishing and hunting for a living, but also become food producers and provide people with sustainable food sources. At the same time, relatively stable settlement is ensured. With the improvement of production capacity and the increase of population, people settled in groups, forming the initial agricultural settlements.

5. Ancient two river basins, ancient Egypt, ancient India, etc.

Second, the emergence of state and ruling culture.

1. Inter-tribal conflicts have intensified; A political entity that is higher than the average resident or tribe has emerged. Difference: primitive farming settlements are cultivated and distributed equally; During this period, with the development of productive forces and the emergence of private ownership, the original equal relationship was destroyed.

2. That makes sense. Because there are obvious differences in funerary objects in tombs, different social classes already exist; The funerary objects are matched according to different grades, which reflects the origin of hierarchical etiquette culture to some extent; Bamboo script may be an early script; The discovery of large-scale city sites also shows obvious social differentiation.

3. Transfer mode: from abdication system to hereditary system. Symbolic significance: it marks the establishment of private ownership and the emergence of the country; It indicates that Xia Dynasty completed the transition from primitive society to class society. The main reasons are: the development of productive forces, the emergence of private ownership and the emergence of class differentiation.

4. Bronzes in Shang Dynasty are exquisitely made, with diverse shapes and functions and unique patterns. .

5.A

6. Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the origin of Chinese characters, Chinese characters developed continuously on the basis of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which played an important role in inheriting Chinese civilization, and later Chinese characters also had an important influence on the writing creation of some East Asian countries.

Third, the method of uncovering the veil of ancient history

1. Because before the invention of writing, many events were transmitted through people's writing. Myths and legends. On the one hand, there are elements of exaggeration and imagination, and the credibility is debatable; However, myths and legends bear the collective memory of early ancestors, which contains some real historical information and is worth cherishing.

2. Use fire to graze crops.

3.D

4. Because from the mutual confirmation of archaeological discoveries and historical documents, Erlitou site is very consistent with Xia Dynasty in time and region.

5. Materials on paper and underground materials. Historical documents and archaeological excavations. Through underground data, the paper data are supplemented, verified and identified.

6. Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively mature Chinese character; Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a direct record of people's activities at that time, and is the first-hand material to study the history of Shang Dynasty, which has extremely high historical value; In addition, the lineage of the Yin royal family seen in speeches and historical records? The imperial lineage of Shang Dynasty recorded in Yin Benji is basically the same, so the history of Shang Dynasty is called "the history of faith".

Lesson 4 Building a National and Ritual Culture

First, basic exercises

1. Fengbang Jianguo Yinren 2. Rites, happiness and life 3.a4.a5.d6.b

Second, expand the practice.

7. Duke Zhou, a famous Dane, is his younger brother. He is called Duke Zhou because he has a fief in Zhou. He is a famous politician and thinker in the history of China. After Zhou Wuwang's death, he was king for seven years. He put down the rebellion in various places, conquered the remnants of the Shang Dynasty in the East, formulated the system of rites and music, and put forward a set of ideas of "respecting heaven and protecting the people". These measures consolidated and expanded Zhou's territory and influence, and also had a far-reaching impact on later Confucianism and ancient Chinese political thought.

8.( 1) Food containers. (2) kingship (or political power). (3) The Battle of Makino destroyed Zhou and established the Western Zhou. (4) It shows that the King of Chu coveted the Zhou regime and wanted to replace it; It reflects the historical fact that the strength of governors strengthened and the royal family declined in the late Zhou Dynasty.

Lesson 5 social change and a hundred schools of thought contend

First, basic exercises

1. Centralization and unification of Qin II. Confucianism and Taoism 3.C4.C5.D6.A7.C

Second, expand the practice.

8.A:a、D、f、g B:c C:b D:c、h

Sixth, seek to form a unified centralized country.

First, basic exercises

1 .shangyangjun 2. The Great Wall concentrates on burning books and burying Confucianism.

Second, expand the practice.

7.( 1) is the head of a hundred officials and the assistant of various machines, but it has no final decision. (2) After the Warring States Period, it must end here. (3) In favor: Qin completed national reunification and established a new centralized political system, so it is necessary to strengthen the control of ideological public opinion and prohibit people from discussing it horizontally; Confucian scholars forget the past. They are doomed. Objection: Some Confucian scholars cheated against the county system by relying on superstition and seeking immortality, and were suppressed by Qin Shihuang: (No matter whether they are in favor or against it, they are justified)

8.( 1) Use these terracotta warriors to protect the dead Qin Shihuang. (2) Hint: It can be analyzed from the perspectives of politics, military affairs, economy, living customs and ideas.

Lesson 7 Peasant Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty

First, basic exercises

1. Zhao Gao Lishi 2.209 Liu 3.D4.C5.B6.B

Second, expand the practice.

7.( 1) Epang Palace was built in the Qin Dynasty, which aroused the boiling resentment of the world and led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty. (2) After the reunification of Qin Dynasty, an autocratic centralization of authority was established, which followed the experience of farming and constantly mobilized the people's strength. For example, after the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, the Great Wall, the Equator, Wuling Mountain, Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li were built for decades, and millions of laborers were requisitioned. These are far beyond the limits that society can bear. (3) Commendation: Qin Shihuang made outstanding contributions to the history of China. For example, the unification of China and the establishment of the first unified feudal country also made many achievements in system construction, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. There are a lot of negative influences on Qin Shihuang, one is the short existence time of the regime, and the other is the distortion of later rulers and some thinkers. Disapproving: Qin Shihuang's negative measures, such as superstition, incompetence, relying on cool laws, abuse of power, burning books and burying Confucianism, have destroyed social production and intensified social contradictions, which have been opposed by all walks of life. Coupled with the short existence of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang was unpopular. Whether it is for or against, it is well-founded.

Unit 2 Unit 2 Exercise

First, from "the feudal government founded the country" to "great unification"

1. BC 1046.

2. From Yin (Anyang) to Haojiang (Jin 'an).

3. System: Politically, the system of building the country and the system of rites and music have been established. Culture: put forward the idea of "respecting heaven and protecting people" and attach importance to the role of rites and music.

4. Myths, legends, relics and documents.

5.C

6. The development of new productive forces represented by iron farm tools and farming techniques.

7. Grouping system.

8. 22 BC1.

Second, the ritual and music culture

1. "Rites" originated from sacrificial activities. The first view is that "ritual" originated from the customs and rituals of ancestors, and sacrifice was an important activity in ancient times, and "ritual" was a reflection of this ritual; The second view is that Chinese characters are hieroglyphics, and the structure of the word "Li" is also like people's sacrificial activities. (Opponents can be justified. )

2. Duke Zhou formulated the system of rites and music, extended the normative function of rites to patriarchal clan system and political relations, and created dances and epics; The purpose is to arouse people's sense of identity and maintain the unity of members of society by showing the identity differences and rights and obligations among the noble, the humble, the old and the young, and the relatives and friends.

3. Confucius developed Duke Zhou's thought of ruling by courtesy, founded the core concept of "benevolence", integrated morality into rites and music, advocated "the benevolent loves others" and "forbearing oneself for benevolence", and injected new vitality into "courtesy".

4.C

5. The development of productive forces and the popularization of ironware and farming technology have disintegrated the well field system; The enfeoffment system collapsed; The power of the emerging class has grown; King Zhou

The decline of the room, the hegemony of big countries and so on.

6.B

7. musical instruments. It also has the functions of offering sacrifices, entertaining and symbolizing power and wealth.

8. Xunzi reinterpreted Confucius' "ceremony" and combined "ceremony" and "law" in one furnace.

9. Rites originally refer to customs and habits-infiltrating into politics and patriarchal clan system-and then melting into human ethics-melting into law.

Third, the transfer of fate.

1.B

2. soup

3. BC 1046.

4. With the assistance of Duke Zhou, pacify civil strife, conquer the remnants of Yin and Shang dynasties, expand the frontier and expand its influence; Through the system of rites and music, the rule of Zhou Dynasty was consolidated.

The status of the Zhou royal family has declined, but it will not perish.

6. Ordinary people.

7. Responsible for the administration of justice.

8. The tyranny of the Qin Dynasty intensified social contradictions, resulting in a boiling situation of people's grievances all over the world.

9. The idea of fate. The divinity and dominant position of heaven are gradually decreasing. Compared with the rise of people's status in the sky, people's behavior can influence their fate and highlight the role of morality.

Lesson 8 Reconstruction of a Unified Empire

First, basic exercises

1。 Buyi people will rule politics with hereditary nobles. 2. Doing nothing to govern the land merger of the Haozu. 3.D 4。 A 5。 D 6。 D

Second, expand the practice.

7.( 1) The economy is depressed and the country is weak. (2) Emperor Gaozu. Advocate agriculture-oriented, issue laws and regulations many times, reduce taxes for the people, and attach importance to developing agriculture.

Industrial production. (3) Influenced by the historical lessons of the Qin Dynasty, the rulers in the early Han Dynasty were simple and sincere.

Thickness also has an impact on the implementation of national policies. (4) A series of measures in the early Han Dynasty, such as "paying less taxes and paying less taxes", were all social production.

Restoration and development created conditions, forming a social scene of "officials are safe and their officials are safe, and folk music is their profession", which is called "Wenjing" in history.

"The rules.

8。 (1) advocates inaction and practices benevolence and righteousness. Oppose severe punishment and strict law, and advocate light criminal law; Oppose the abuse of civil service power and advocate the reduction of corvee; opposition

Luxurious and arrogant, advocating thrift. (2) Taking the inaction of Taoism as the main body, reflecting the benevolent government thought of Confucianism. Inaction in the Western Han Dynasty

It is not a negative and retrogressive thought, but a concrete embodiment of benevolent government, which conforms to the objective situation at that time.

But also in line with the simple and honest style of the rulers in the early Han Dynasty.

Lesson 9 The Era of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

First, basic exercises

1。 Close friends and close friends face both inside and outside.

Second, expand practice. "

7. (1) Four counties of Hexi in the western regions (2) A. All the western regions protect the government; And Jiuquan County; C changan.

8. You can refer to the agricultural books unearthed in the Han Dynasty; Through a large number of unearthed agricultural production tools, crops or seed heritage

There are abundant first-hand materials such as agricultural production picture depiction of water conservancy project sites in Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty portrait bricks, tomb murals and so on.

Expect to discover and understand the development of agriculture in China during this period.

The rise and fall of the eastern Han dynasty

First, basic exercises

1. Reform of ancient follwed 3. Ruling the country through culture and education Royal Library County Chinese Studies 3.C4.DLC6.C

Second, expand the practice.

7.( 1) The closest relative minister was the largest tyrannical landlord in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Reflect the tyrannical landlords, although farmland is over-regulated, but local officials are afraid of pressure or

For self-interest, it is impossible to solve sharp contradictions. (2) At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the powerful landlords had "a hundred buildings and a hundred pastes"

Tian's big manor has driven thousands of farmers to engage in production and live a rich life. They also formed "family soldiers",

"Buqu" and other civilian armed forces guard their homes and protect hospitals. Dominant party: Politically, some founding heroes have held senior positions in North Korea for generations.

Become a big family. (3) Reason: The phenomenon of land annexation became more and more serious, and the imperial power declined. Impact: Powerful landlords gradually developed.

Becoming a local separatist force poses a great threat to the centralized unified dynasty.

8. Social problems: In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, economic depression, land merger, polarization between the rich and the poor, handmaiden trading and other social contradictions were very prominent. Measures: Korea

After rebuilding the Han regime, Emperor Guangwu began to adjust the ruling policy. Consolidate the ruling order. Politically: rectify bureaucracy, reduce and merge institutions, and abolish them

In the era of Wang Mang, numerous and onerous laws strengthened centralization: economically, reducing taxes, releasing slaves many times and prohibiting cruelty.

The imperial edict of handmaiden. Culture and education: Corporal Li Xian. Recruit talents from all over the world; Build many royal libraries in Luoyang and expand the central officials.

Learning-the scale of "Imperial College" and its extensive establishment in China-? County sinology. "Results: After years of hard work, the society in the Eastern Han Dynasty was stable.

Down, the economy resumed development. There is a situation of "ruling the world". What is the historical name? Guangwu Zhongxing ".

Regime and. divide

First, basic exercises

1. Production technology and production experience in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin 2.c3.b4.c5.a6.c

Second, expand the practice?

7.( 1) 196. Cao Cao welcomed the Han Emperor to Xu County, and gained political advantage by "relying on the emperor to make the princes"; At the same time, strive to develop jurisdiction.

Economically, the strength of recruiting talented people is rapidly increasing: (2) Zhuge Liang. Sun and Liu Lianhe crusaded against Cao. (3) Advance

Judging the possibility of the tripartite confrontation between the three countries laid a strategic foundation for Liu Bei's attempt to dominate the industry. (4) Three visits to Caotang (or Longzhong)

(5) A. Shu; B. Wei; C Wu; 1 guandu; ② Chibi.

North-South confrontation and national integration

First, basic exercises

1 .16 countries of Wuhu in the Western Jin Dynasty 2. Daxinganling, Weibei, Weijin 3.b4.b5.c6.d7.d

Second, expand the practice.

8.( 1) Agriculture is the foundation of the world, and the development of agriculture should be given priority in governing the country. (2) Policy measures: Emperor Wen of Han issued a number of imperial edicts to relieve the people.

Land rent; Cao Cao appealed to the refugees to implement the system of wasteland reclamation; Emperor Xiaowen practiced the land equalization system and distributed the wasteland controlled by the government to farmers for farming. criticize

Price: It is conducive to the recovery and development of agricultural production and promotes economic prosperity and social order stability.

Unit 3 unit exercise

First, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthened centralization.

1. Historical background: The rulers in the early Han Dynasty were isolated from Qin in a short time, and relied on the historical lessons of the Liu clan.

From the perspective of constructing the imperial power barrier by blood relationship, the enfeoffment system was implemented. Change: while inheriting the county system, the same surname was enfeoffed.

King, the formation of counties and countries in parallel. Social contradiction: With the strengthening of feudal forces, the contradiction between the feudal state and the central government has become increasingly clear, which has seriously affected the strengthening of centralization.

2.D

3. The former adopted the method of forced logging, which led to the rapid intensification of the contradiction between the central and local governments and caused the chaos of the seven countries; The latter advocates increasing packaging,

The land of the kingdom was redistributed to the descendants, and as a result, the fiefs of the princes became smaller and smaller, and their power became weaker and weaker, making them unable to confront the central authorities.

4. incorrect. Because the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms is the inevitable result of the contradiction between centralization and local separatist forces within the Western Han ruling group.

Fruit, whether it is "cutting the vassal" or "pushing the pet", will touch the interests of the kingdom and cause the resistance of the princes. Kingdom problem solving

The key is that the national treasury was sufficient and centralized during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Jingdi put down the rebellion and strengthened the governance of the kingdom.

Without the above conditions, it is impossible to solve the kingdom problem only by "pushing grace"

Strong centralization is an important guarantee for national unity and social stability.

6. China and North Korea are the core of the imperial decision-making of the emperor and his cronies, and participate in the military affairs discussion of the imperial court. Foreign dynasties are led by the Prime Minister.

A government agency responsible for government affairs. The formation of Chinese and foreign dynasties shows that the relative power was suppressed and the imperial power was strengthened.

7.A

The "inferior weight" of the Secretariat is mainly a small weight. On the one hand, this system is conducive to the central government's supervision and control of governors and local senior officials.

On the other hand, it can prevent the secretariat from becoming a new first-level administrative department, which is convenient for the central government to control. .

9. Qin Shihuang clamped down his thoughts and controlled public opinion through the tough means of "burning books and burying Confucianism"; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting"

A hundred schools of thought contend and respect Confucianism. The Five Classics, represented by Confucianism, is an official school, as the main body of selecting officials, running schools and cultivating talents.

Establish a centralized ideology through the guidance of national policies. '

10. Confucianism was left out in the cold because its political views did not adapt to the fierce social changes at that time. During the Qin Dynasty, Confucian scholars criticized counties.

The system, taking the past as the past, stood on the opposite side of the authoritarian centralized system, so it was crushed. Confucianism can not only be a ruler

Service, and the development of the situation behind. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu became a Confucian to meet the needs of autocratic monarchy and centralized politics.

Family Theory adds the content of divine right of monarch and unification of the world, which not only provides a theoretical basis for autocratic and centralized politics, but also provides a theoretical basis for politics.

The unification of the world put forward the scheme of ideological unification, so it gained exclusive status.

Second, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital.

1. Pingcheng is remote, which is not conducive to strengthening the governance of the Central Plains in the Northern Wei Dynasty; It is not conducive to changing the old customs and adoption of Xianbei people.