Astronomical knowledge in ancient poems

In daily study, work and life, everyone must have come into contact with some commonly used ancient poems, which are characterized by less strict metrical restrictions. So do you really understand ancient poetry? The following is my knowledge of ancient poetry and astronomy, hoping to help everyone.

1, Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "Wumei, Longguang shoots a bull market." "Bullfighting" is two of the 28 nights. "Twenty-eight Hostels", also known as Twenty-eight Houses or Twenty-eight Stars, is a 28-star area divided by the ancients to observe the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars, which is used to explain the position of the sun, the moon and the five stars. Wang Bo's poetry is characterized by gorgeous products and natural treasures, and Longquan sword light points directly at Dou Su and Niu Su Xingyu.

2. Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "The old county of Zhang Yu is the new residence of Hongdu. The stars spread their wings and meet Lu Heng. " "Si", in order to predict the good or bad of the world with the change of astronomical phenomena, ancient astrologers called the starry sky and the countries on the ground Si. Specifically, it is to regard a star as the dividing line of a country, a star as the dividing line of a state, or conversely, regard a country as the dividing line of a star and a state as the dividing line of a star. This poem by Wang Bo means that Nanchang, Jiangxi is located on the dividing line between Yisu and Basu.

3. Ancient Poems by Wei Xiang in the Tang Dynasty: "Liaodong veterans have snow on their temples and still look at their heads every night." The Pleiades, the fourth night of the seven nights of the West White Tiger, consists of seven stars, also known as the "flag head". Li Heshi's poem "Autumn Quiet, See Lotus Head" in Tang Dynasty refers to the Pleiades. The poem Wei Xiang shows a veteran's high vigilance and careful defense.

4. Cao Zhi's "Re-writing with Wu Ji": "There is a speed of escape from the scenery, and there is no breadth of participation." "Participating in business" and "participating in business" refer to the tenants in Xiguan White Tiger Seven Hostels, and "business" refers to the tenants in Dongguan Black Dragon Seven Hostels, which is another name for tenants. The betel nut in the west, the heart in the east, and two in the starry sky, one for this and the other for this, are often used to mean that people can't meet each other when they are separated.

5. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang's "Talented Li Zhengdian Academy's Word Forest": "East Wall Bookstore, West Garden Hanmolin." "Wall House" refers to the seventh house in Beiguan Xuanwu, which consists of two stars. Because it is in the east of the bedroom, it looks like the wall of the bedroom, also called the east wall. Zhang said that this poem compares the earth building to the library in the sky.

6. The Book of Songs in July: "July is a fire, and September gives clothes." "filariasis", flowing, falling; Fire refers to Mars, which is the heart of the Black Dragon Dongguan for seven nights. July is equivalent to August in the Gregorian calendar, and filariasis refers to the gradual decline of the position of the fire star from the sky to the west, indicating that the summer heat has receded.

7. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs": "Fuck your back and help Beidou drink cinnamon pulp." "Big Dipper", also known as "Big Dipper", refers to seven bright stars arranged in a bucket (or spoon) shape in the northern sky. The names of these seven stars are: Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang. Arranged like a bucket, it is called "Beidou". According to the Big Dipper, the North Star can be found, so it is also called "Pointing Star". Nineteen ancient poems: "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid." Yuheng is the fifth star in the Big Dipper.

8. "Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission": "Zhuan Xu's thorn Wang Liaoye, a comet hit the moon." Comets are often called broomsticks. When a comet hits the moon, that is, when its light sweeps across the moon. According to superstition, this is a sign of a major disaster.

9. "Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission": "Nie Zhengzhi stabbed Han Yu and Bai Hongguan." "Rainbow" is actually "halo", which is an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere. The appearance of this phenomenon is often a sign that the weather will change, but the ancients regarded this natural phenomenon as a sign that abnormal things will happen on the earth.

10, Lu Xun's poem "Self-mockery": "If you want to cover from the canopy, you dare not turn over." "Gai Hua", with a constellation name of * * * sixteen stars, is located in the seat of the Five Emperors and now belongs to Cassiopeia. I used to be superstitious and thought it was unlucky to be a canopy star in people's destiny.

Induction of knowledge points of ancient poetry in senior high school

First, the classification of poetry

According to the way of expression, poetry can be divided into narrative poetry, lyric poetry and philosophical poetry; According to the meter, it can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry; According to the language, it can be divided into four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. According to the content, it can be divided into pastoral poems (landscape poems), poems about objects, frontier poems, nostalgia poems, epic poems, farewell poems, mourning poems and love poems.

Narrative Poetry-There are relatively complete story lines, such as Shihaoguan, Carbon Man, Mulberry on the Stranger, Mulan Poetry, as well as some typical characters and typical environments, such as Peacock Flying Southeast.

Lyric poetry-mainly expresses feelings about things by borrowing scenery, that is, expresses feelings about things (that is, poems about things, which are often written by authors who have some feelings about something. ) and expressing one's will by supporting things (that is, chanting poems about things, paying attention to grasping the feelings entrusted by the author when describing things. For example, Yu Qian's Lime Lyrics: "A thousand hammers cut out a deep mountain, and if the fire burns idle." I am not afraid of being crushed to pieces, but I want to leave my innocence in the world. "In the poem, lime is used as a metaphor to express the poet's determination to be loyal to the country, not afraid of sacrifice, and stick to noble sentiments. Singing lime means singing an open mind and a noble and innocent personality. )

Metaphorical poetry-characteristics: popular and natural, good at reasoning with metaphors, intriguing and interesting. Main writing:

(1) image reasoning (reasoning in the description of "scenery" or "things")-vivid, vivid and interesting.

For example, Bai Juyi's Biegu Cao (... the wildfire is endless and the spring breeze is high), Zhu's Random Thoughts on Reading (how can you be so clear ...) and Su Shi's Drinking Rain on Lake Chuqing (light makeup and heavy makeup are always appropriate).

(2) argumentation and reasoning-combining argumentation with image description, using rhetorical methods such as metaphor.

Such as: Su Shi's Title of Xilin Wall (I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain)

(3) The combination of rationality and lyricism-lyrical discussion. Such as "Farewell to Vice Governor Du to be an official in Shu" (however, China has our friendship, and heaven has our neighbors) and Su Shi's "Water Tune" (people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has sunny days).

pay attention to

1. "Think about poetry" when reading poetry. The truth in the poem, such as salt dissolved in water-"the body is hidden and the taste exists, but the present phase has no phase", so we should savor it carefully.

2. The "interest" in poetry comes from itself, and its interest should be analyzed from a dialectical point of view.

3. General poetry is often combined with lyricism-lyricism. Some poems also combine discussion with narration, description and lyricism, such as Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip (we are both unhappy-we meet each other forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ).)

Second, how to appreciate poetry

(1) Know people and discuss the world, understand the background, life experience, status and creative style of the poet's era, and better understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the poem. (Pay attention to the preface and notes after the poem)

For example, Li Gang's "Sick Cow" plows a thousand acres, and there are thousands of boxes. Who is injured when you are exhausted? But all sentient beings are full and do not hesitate to lie in the sun. "

-praise the cow's personality characteristics, such as tireless illness, hard work, dedication to all beings, and nothing else. -"Support the ambition with things" to express feelings for the author by chanting cattle.

The author Li Gang was a leader of the anti-Japanese war faction across the Song Dynasty, and he made great achievements at that time. Because he was rejected by the capitulators, he was demoted many times. Sick Cow is a poem he wrote in Ezhou after the strike. The poet is exhausted, but he doesn't forget to resist gold and serve the country and miss all sentient beings. Therefore, the tired, pathetic old cow he wrote is the embodiment of the poet's image.

Poet style supplement

1. Three Cao-desolate and vigorous.

2. Tao Yuanming-a master of pastoral poetry. He resigned and retired because of "five buckets of rice don't bend his back", which showed his rebellious spirit of not colluding with the dark reality. Eulogize the pastoral scenery, compare the beautiful and simple pastoral scenery with the dark and dirty official life, and effectively expose and criticize the hypocrisy of good deeds. Participate in productive labor in person, get close to working people and praise labor. In chanting Jing He and reading The Classic of Mountains and Seas, the poet praised the fighting spirit of ancient heroes, reflected the poet's own thought of resisting the dark reality, and showed his "king kong glaring" side. It shows that he has not forgotten the reality and given up his great ideal.

3. Chen Ziang —— His poems have created a generation of poetic styles, among which Youzhou Going to Taiwan is the most famous, expressing unprecedented sadness, containing self-confidence, strong feelings, leading the trend and great loneliness that is not understood.

4. Zhang Ruo needs "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", which has strong emotion and profound philosophy.

5. Wang Changling-Poetry has a profound sense of history and an upright style, and its poetic style is vigorous and powerful.

6. Gao Shi and Cen Can-the poetic style is vigorous and extraordinary. Cen Can's frontier fortress has magnificent scenery and unrestrained characters.

7. Wang Wei, Meng Haoran-The pastoral poems of mountains and rivers show the beauty of mountains and rivers, and show the quiet and peaceful state of mind in which man and nature live in harmony. Wang Wei's poetic style is bleak and vivid, and his landscape poems have both magnificent natural scenery and elegant landscape pictures. More common are beautiful and elegant landscape poems, which express that things are me and I am the realm of Zhuang Zen. Meng Haoran's poetic style is light and heavy, quiet and healthy.

8. Li Bai-elegant and free-spirited, uninhibited, his poems attack current politics and are cynical, expressing his thoughts and feelings of wanting to make contributions. Poetry has romantic colors, vivid and fresh images, bright colors and magnificent and unpredictable imagination; Yuefu and Gehang write like running water, and their feelings gush out. The striking feature of his landscape poems is the individuation of natural landscape. Sometimes full of the spirit of swimming and the fantasy of being born outside the dust, some landscape poems have a strong color of wandering immortals. The natural landscape is not only the place where he reposes his spirit and melts his depression, but also the world where he pursues personal freedom and liberation.

9. Du Fu-depressed, worried about the country and the people. Du Fu used realistic expression and wrote history with poems, which profoundly reflected the social panorama of more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty and vividly recorded the poet's life experience. Closely combine social reality with personal life to realize the perfect unity of ideological content and artistic form; Represents the highest achievement of Tang poetry. It is called "the history of poetry" by later generations.

10. Li He-aura, melancholy and anger in poetic style. Poetry is full of the joy of youth and the sadness of life, with colorful images and dense combinations.

1 1. The great realistic poet Bai Juyi. His poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language. Qin Zhongyin and his new Yuefu attacked the darkness, criticized the disadvantages of the times, reflected people's sufferings and profoundly exposed social contradictions. He was in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

The main advocate of the new Yuefu movement. Bai Juyi's narrative poems such as Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Journey are exquisite, vivid and touching, with unique artistic style and extremely wide influence. In the theory of poetry creation, he put forward the views that "articles should be written in time" and "poems should be written for things". The poetic style is plain and fresh.

12. Du Mu-a great object-chanting poem, with a sense of history and realism integrated into beautiful natural images and infinite feelings. The poetic style is subtle and graceful.

13. Li Shangyin-The poetic style is beautiful and elegant, which opens up a hazy, beautiful and unforgettable realm.

14. Jia Dao-his poems are famous for their strangeness and preciseness, and his poetic style is desolate and sad.

15. Zhang Jiuling-euphemism.

16. Wei is fresh and elegant.

17. Han Yu-poetic style is magnificent and novel.

18. Yuan Zhen-the poetic style is gorgeous and simple.

19. Liu Yuxi-clear and clear poetic style.

20. Li Yu-the style of ci is sad and delicate.

2 1. Ouyang Xiu-beautiful ci style.

22. Fan Zhongyan-Poetic style is desolate and tragic.

23. Su Shi-broad-minded and heroic, creating a bold style of ci.

24. Liu Yong's ci style-lingering and sorrowful, is the first of its kind.

25. Huang Tingjian-the style of ci is natural and smooth.

26. Qin Guan-the lyrics are sincere and sincere.

27. Li Qingzhao-the style of words is graceful and sad, showing leisure and sadness. There is also King Kong's dazzling poem "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero."

28. Yang Wanli-The style of ci is fresh and lively.

29. Lu you-the poetic style is unrestrained, clear and smooth. Life "humble dare not forget the country's worries." There are also love poems and mourning poems handed down from generation to generation

30. Xin Qiji-The style of ci is magnificent. Life-long resistance to gold has become the main theme of his works. There are also idylls full of life.

3 1. Jiang Kui-Ci is exquisite and profound.