Brief introduction and detailed information of South Korea

Liu Yin was the real pioneer of Lingnan based on the Southern Han Dynasty in history. In the first year of Ganning (894), his father Liu Qian died, and Guangzhou officials went to court and appointed Liu Yin as the secretariat of Fengzhou instead of Liu Qian. In the third year of Ganning (896), Liu Chonggui, my envoy to Qinghai, died of illness, and Li Zhirou, Wang Xue's successor, went to Guangzhou as my envoy to Qinghai. Li Zhirou went to Hunan, Guangzhou had an insurrection with Lu Cong and Tan Honggui (Tan Honggui's works), and stayed in Guangzhou to resist Li Zhirou's entry into the customs, while Tan Honggui stuck to Duanzhou. Li Zhirou therefore dared not enter the country. Tan Hong married Liu Yin and promised to marry her daughter to Liu Yin. Liu Yin pretended to agree to the marriage, buried the soldiers' weapons in the boat under the pretext of marriage, entered Duanzhou at night, killed Tan Honggui, then attacked Guangzhou and killed Lu Cong. Then Liu Yin reorganized the army and welcomed Li Zhirou into Guangzhou to preside over our affairs. Li Zhirou court appointed Liu Yin as the marching Sima. Later, Xu Yanruo replaced Li Zhirou as the messenger of Qinghai Festival. The above court appointed Liu Yin as the deputy envoy of Qinghai Province and entrusted Liu Yin with military and political affairs. In November of the year of Guangfu (90 1), Xu Yanruo, our ambassador to Jinghai, passed away, and Liu Yin was recommended as an agent to stay in Qinghai.

In the first year of God bless (904), Liu Yin sent messengers to bribe Zhu Wen, the powerful minister, with a large sum of money, so Zhu Wen summoned Liu Yin to make an envoy to Qinghai for me. In the second year of God bless (905), Liu Yin was added as Tongping Zhang.

In the first year of Kaiping (907), Zhu Wen abolished the Tang Dynasty and established the Liang Dynasty. On the third day of May of the same year, Zhu Wen added Liu Yin as proofreader and assistant, and made him king of Dapeng County. In September of the second year of Kaiping (908), Ma Yin, our time envoy from Wuchang, sent troops to attack Lingnan, and fought Liu Yin for more than ten times, capturing six countries in Lingnan, namely Zhao, He, Wu, Meng, Gong and Fu. 1October 23rd, Back Beam appointed Liu Yin as our ambassador to Jinghai and also as Annan's escort.

In December of the third year of Kaiping (909), Liu Yin sent his brother Liu Li to attack Gaozhou, and Liu was defeated. Liu attacked Rongzhou again, but failed to conquer it. Liu Luchang himself estimated that he was no match for Liu Yin after all, so he took refuge in Ma Yin, the king of Chu. In the first year of Ganhua (9 1 1), Liu Yin was made king of the South China Sea by Hou Liang. In March of the same year, Liu Yin was in an emergency, and the court appointed his brother Liu Li to temporarily preside over the left-behind affairs. On the third day of March, Liu Yin died of illness at the age of 38, and Liu Li succeeded to the throne.

In the third year of Zhenming (9 17), Liu Li proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Dayue regime (later renamed Dahan, known as Nanhan in history), with posthumous title Liu Yin as the emperor. Change RMB into dry balance. To commemorate Emperor An Renwen, Qian and Yin Xiang, three temples were built. Appointed officials, Yang as assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Li Hengli as assistant minister, Ni Shu as assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and minister of the Ministry of War.

In the second year of Ganheng (9 18), Liu Li made a sacrifice to heaven in the southern suburbs, granted amnesty to the whole country, and changed his name to "Dahan", which was called Nanhan in history. At the beginning, Liu Li wanted to usurp the title, and he was afraid that the king would not obey, so he sent the king to Jingnan. After the king came back, Liu Li was afraid that he was not himself and sent Ni Shu to comfort him and tell him about the founding of the country. The king said to him, "There must be a system for the founding of the country. When I entered the south gate, the Qing navy was still there. The quartet does not make fun! " Liu Li said with a smile, "I have been preparing for a long time, but I don't think about it." I should laugh it off. "

After three years (9 19), Liu Lifeng made Ma Shi, the wife of Yue State, the queen. Ma Shi is the daughter of Ma Yin, the king of Chu. In the spring of four years (920), Liu Li set up an anthology, and selected more than ten scholars to learn the classics, just like the old example of the Tang Dynasty.

In the seventh year of Ganheng (923), Li entered Bianjing in the later Tang Dynasty, and Liu Li was afraid. He sent people into the palace to spy on the truth and falsehood of the later Tang Dynasty, saying that Emperor Han Xian sent a letter to Tang Gaozong. When He Ci returned to the Southern Han Dynasty, he said that there would be civil strife in the later Tang Dynasty, which was not groundless. Liu Li was overjoyed. Liu Li's nature is exaggerated Most businessmen from Lingbei came to the South China Sea and were called together to show their wealth in the palace. Claiming to be a salty Qin, he was ashamed of barbarian king, and called the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty "the secretariat of Luozhou". In the same year, the Governor-General and Emperor Zheng Renmin of China often sent special envoys to propose to Nan Han. The envoys claimed to be the emperor's mother and brother, honest and tolerant, and gave them gold robes, tiger silk patterns, gold knives and thousands of families to Ren Qinghou and Shiyi, and Zheng held a ceremony. Zheng was eager to learn how to write, and Liuli and his entourage wrote poems. Liu Li and his ministers couldn't catch him, so he married Zheng Renmin as Liu Yin's daughter.

In the fourth year of Bailong (928), the Southern Chu sent water troops to attack Fengzhou, and the Fengzhou army was defeated by Hejiang. Liu Li was afraid, so he used the Book of Changes for divination and got the divination of Judah, so he granted amnesty to the whole world and changed his position. He also sent general Su Zhang to lead the crossbow army to save Fengzhou. Zhang Su used two iron cables to sink into the Hejiang River, built a dike for the ship to hide, confronted it with a canoe, pretended to be defeated and fled, and the Chu army pursued it. Su Zhang seized the ship, locked Chuzhou, and shot Chujun with a strong crossbow.

In the third year (930), Liu Lipai's generals Li Shouyong and Liang Kezhen attacked Jiao Jiao and captured Khuc Tuha My and others. After Khuc Tuha My arrived in the South China Sea, Liu Li boarded Yifeng Building and was captured. He said to Khuc Tuha My, "You always treat me as a fake court, but now I am tied to the opposite side. Why? " Khuc Tuha My confessed and pardoned him. In the same year, Liang Kezhen attacked Zhancheng and plundered its treasures and possessions.

In the fourth year of Huiji (93 1), Duong Dinh Nghe and Huiji rebelled and attacked JIAOZHOU secretariat Li Jin, who fled back. Liu Li sent Cheng Bao to attack Duong Dinh Nghe, and Cheng Bao died. In nine years (936), Liu Lipai sent general Sun Desheng to attack Mengzhou, but failed. In 10 years (937), Jiaozhou killed Duong Dinh Nghe and became independent. Duong Dinh Nghe's former army attacked Jiaozhou with Wu Quan, and Jiao Gong envied Nanhan's help. Liu Lili's son, Liu Hongcao, was king and led an army to attack from Baiteng. Liu Li led his own army and was stationed in Haimen. Soon Wu Quan killed Jiao Gongxian, attacked Haikou and planted iron branches in the sea. Wu Quanjun went forward, Liu Hongcao drove him away, the tide receded, and all those who lost their lives repeated it. Liu Hongcao died, and Liu Li took the rest back.

15 years (942), Liu lizu, at the age of 54, was named Gaozu. His son Liu Zan succeeded to the throne of Nanhan.

After Liu Jue succeeded to the throne, he was extravagant and dissolute. His fourth brother, King Liu Hongxi of the State of Jin, was born with the heart of a coup. In the second year of Guangtian in the Southern Han Dynasty (943), Liu Hongxi found several lux and killed Liu Zan to watch wrestling after the banquet. After Liu Jue's death, he was made emperor.

Liu Hongxi succeeded to the throne and was renamed Sheng as Nanhan. During his reign, he repeatedly killed ministers and brothers, and in a few years, his brother was completely killed by him. The appointment of eunuchs and ladies-in-waiting made the national strength of South Han increasingly weak. In the 16th year of Ganhe (958), Liu Sheng died at the age of 39, with the title of Wenwuguang Shengmingxiao, the temple named Zhongzong and the mausoleum named Zhaoling.

Liu Yong, the ruler in the last years of Southern Han Dynasty, was originally named Liu Jixing. He is the eldest son of Liu Sheng, the ancestor of the Southern Han Dynasty, and the first king of Wei. In the 16th year of Ganhe (958, the fifth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty), Liu Sheng died, and Herry Liu succeeded to the throne at the age of seventeen, renamed Dabao, and was known as the Empress of Southern Han in history. He is too weak to govern the country. He entrusted all political affairs to eunuchs Gong Chengshu, Chen Yanshou and waiter Lu Qiongxian. Maids-in-waiting were also appointed as political officials, and the rest of the officials just chatted. Liu Yong believes that ministers have families and will not be loyal to their children and grandchildren, so they only trust eunuchs, and ministers have to be hired from the palace, so that eunuchs once numbered as many as 20 thousand. Moreover, she dotes on a Persian woman and plays with her in the harem, calling her a "charming pig", calling herself a "filial doctor" and ignoring political affairs. Later, politics were handed over to the witch fan, even Gong Chengshu and Lu Qiong Xian were attached to her, and politics was in chaos.

He died in the 13th year of Dabao in the Northern Song Dynasty (in 970, in the 3rd year of Song Kaibao). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Pan Mei led an army to attack the Southern Han Dynasty and Song Jun was stationed in Baixia. Most of the old generals in the southern Han Dynasty were killed because of slanders, and the imperial clan was destroyed. Only eunuchs were in charge of military power, and the city walls and moats were decorated as palaces and ponds. Ships, warships, weapons and armor are rotten. Liu Yong sent Gong Chengshu to Hezhou, Guo Chongyue to Guizhou, and Li Tuo to Shaozhou to guard against Song Jun. Soon, Song Jun captured Hezhou, Zhaozhou, Guizhou and Lianzhou in Nanhan. Liu Yong said happily, "Zhao, Gui, Lian and He are all from Hunan. Song Jun should be satisfied that it still caught them and will not attack Nanhan again. " Its ignorance is mostly like this. In the same year1February, Song Jun captured Shaozhou. The following year (97 1 in the fourth year of Song Kaibao), Song Jun led an army, and Liu Yong chose a dozen ships, full of gold and silver treasures and concubines, ready to escape into the sea; Before they set off, eunuchs and guards stole the boat and ran away. Liu Yong had to surrender, and the Southern Han Dynasty perished. Song Taizu pardoned Liu Ti's crime and made him the right general guard.

In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), after the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Song Dynasty, Liu Yong changed to General Zuo Hu and became the Duke of Pengcheng County. Song Taizong acceded to the throne, later renamed Wei Guogong. In the fifth year of Taiping and Xingguo (980), Liu Yong died and was given the surname, posthumous title Nanyue King.

When Liu Li was in power, he relied on scholars to govern the government. He made all the scholars secretariat for the state, and passed the imperial examination, and hired more than ten officials from Jinshi and Mingjing every year, thus avoiding the trouble of Wu Zhi dominating the officials. However, Liu Li and his successors were dissolute and cruel kings. They collected jewels and treasures and built great buildings. When Liu Li built Zhaoyang Hall, he used gold as the top and silver as the bottom, and also spent a lot of pearls, crystals and amber as decorations. The rulers of the Southern Han Dynasty abused torture in order to collect and punish the people's resistance, and the people were miserable. In July of the year of Guang Tianyuan (942), shortly after the death of Liu Li, Zhang Yuxian, a native of Boluo (now Guangdong), rose up in Zhou Xun (now southwest of Longchuan, Guangdong), calling himself the "Eight Kings of Zhongtian" with the title of Yongle. The Rebel Army defeated the Southern Han loyalist for many times. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, it went north from Lingnan to Ganzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi), with Baiyun Cave as its base and more than 100,000 people. The following year, because of the disparity in strength, he was betrayed by traitors and suppressed by the Southern Han Army.

After ten years of diplomacy (937), there was a mutiny in Jiaozhou, Southern Han Dynasty. Kieu Cong Tien was killed by one side, and Wu Quan was led by the other side to attack Kieu Cong Tien. Kieu Cong Tien turned to Liu Li for help. Liu made his son Liu Hongcao king, and then led the troops to attack Wu Quan. The result was defeated by Wu Quan and Liu Hongcao was killed. Since then, Wu Quan has occupied Jiaozhou, and the dynasty established by Wu Quan is the Wu Dynasty in Vietnam.

Economic Nanhan is a country with a strong commercial atmosphere. "When businessmen go north to Beijing, they will be called to boast about their wealth." "Every time they meet northerners, they will boast about the strength of mountains and seas." Ma Duanlin said: "Song Xing, while Wu, Shu, Jiangnan, Jinghu and South Vietnam are all rich and powerful." It is a general rule that more money is the mainstay and less money is the slave.

During the reign of Liu Yong, women from Japan and Persia held banquets in the middle of the Grand Palace. "Anonymous spending is tens of millions a day", and there are special regulations in the official system. Those who pass the imperial examination have to wash themselves first if they want to be officials, that is, * * *. In Liu Yong's view, officials with families and wives and children must not be loyal to the emperor.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the military southern Han will face constant wars with many neighboring countries. Its west is Chu State, and its north is the powerful Southern Tang Dynasty, and its domestic power is second only to the Central Plains. In order to compete with neighboring countries, the rulers of the Southern Han Dynasty took great pains to expand their troops. One of the most important steps is to form an image array with war elephants as the main combat tool. Nanhan is located in the south, and its southern neighbors are mostly in subtropical areas, which are rich in elephants. In addition, southern countries have always had a tradition of capturing and training war elephants to fight. In this case, the Southern Han Army also set up its own elephant army according to local conditions. In order to build the army, the southern Han authorities spared no expense to buy a large number of war elephants from Annan, Dali and other countries, and at the same time hired local ethnic minorities to teach the southern Han army how to control the war elephants and the tactical tactics of using them. On the eve of extinction, there were nearly a thousand elephants in Nanhan. The war elephants in the South Han Dynasty are really heavily armored and well equipped. The war elephant is covered with heavy armor. This armor is lined with thick cowhide. There are layers of scales or iron blocks or steel nail plates hanging outside. In addition to hanging armor, the chest and abdomen with the weakest body defense ability are protected by a whole piece of steel chest and abdomen armor with a thickness of 2 mm, and the legs of the elephant are also protected by steel armor with movable knee pads. The elephant's head is covered with steel, and even the elephant's nose is covered with chain mail. Moreover, ivory is the main weapon, and it is also covered with a sharp steel spear with a length of 1.5. On the elephant's back is a tower made of wood, wrapped in real armor.

This tower is divided into three floors. The first floor is for riders. The upper level is 4- 6 archers or crossbowmen, and the top level is the lookout. With the war elephant as the core, there are infantry armed with broadswords, spears, shields, bows and arrows or strong crossbows around. In this way, a complete combat unit with war elephants as the core is formed. In the battle, the South Han Elephant Array usually launched a group attack on the other side by charging under the cover of a long-range crossbow. Play a role similar to today's main battle tanks. After the elephant array attacks, cavalry and infantry will follow suit. South Han Elephant Array has played an important role in previous wars with neighboring countries because of its heavy armor and strong protective attack power. Become a "magic weapon" to protect its ruler country.

Elephant cavalry has two fatal weaknesses: firepower and maneuverability. At that time, the elephant army had no actual combat experience at all It was the first time that Pan Mei, a general of the Northern Song Dynasty, was beaten. When there were no soldiers available in Nanhan, elephants were used in the experimental stage. Like the cavalry itself, it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and its shortcomings are also very obvious. Unless it is in a stormy battle, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. At that time, Nanhan was still carrying out * * * on them, and the two major problems of firepower and maneuverability were not solved, so they were scrapped in advance because of the attack of the Song Dynasty. At that time, seeing that the elephant army abandoned its helmet and armor, Song organized a fire attack on Pan Mei, which turned defeat into victory and the Southern Han Dynasty perished.

The name of the natural temple of royal descent reigned in the mausoleum in memory of Taizu.

Wendi

Liu anren

Not in place-

Dai (DA)

Emperor Wu Sheng

Liu Qian

Not in place-

Liezu

Emperor Xiang

shade of willow trees

Not in place-

Actually ruled Gaozu.

Emperor emperor

Liu Li

9 17-942

Gan Heng, White Dragon and Judas

Wang Bin of Kangling lamented the emperor.

Jun Liu

942-943

Hirota

-Nakasone

Wu Wen guang sheng Xiao mingdi

Liu Sheng

943-958

What should be done, done, and made peace.

Zhaoling Hui Di Nanyue King

Liu Yong

958-97 1 year

bale