How did the hundred surnames originate?

Surnames come from many sources, including those named after totems: bear, bear, leopard, tiger and dragon. Take country names as surnames: Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Qin, etc. Taking the place of residence as the surname: Simon, Guo, Qiu, Yin and Chang; There are official surnames: Shangguan, Bu, Qian, Shi and Sima. Occupation is surname: Zhang, Gu, Tu, Zhen, craftsman, etc. Surnames are mountains and rivers: Joe, Ji, Jiang, Huang, Wu and so on. Liu, Li, Zhao and Zhu. There are numbers, seasons, places, climate, flowers, trees and so on. As a surname. China people are used to inheriting their father's surname and passing it on to the next generation in a paternal way. Therefore, most surnames belong to a gender-neutral paternal gene, which is equivalent to a special genetic gene located on the chromosome representing human males. Surname is a person who distinguishes one clan from another. It appears in the form of "name" and is only a personal symbol that distinguishes them in one clan. In social communication, no matter which group of people use their own names within themselves, they can be distinguished from each other. However, if they associate with people from another tribe, just using their names is not enough to show their identity. Only by combining the surname of one's clan with one's first name can one clearly show oneself and distinguish others. With the development of society, names have been endowed with many new connotations, forming a unique surname culture in China. In China, everyone usually has a surname. When people meet for the first time, they always ask each other, "What's your name?" This shows the importance of surnames in our lives. China's ancient names, like modern names, are symbols used by people to represent individuals in social life. How many surnames does China have? So far, there is no accurate statistical data. Commonly known as "hundred surnames", there were actually more than 3,000 surnames in the Ming Dynasty. The formation of surnames has different historical processes, and the same surname is not necessarily an origin. Such as "He", some original surnames are "Helan" or "Hedun", which is simplified as "He"; Some of them were originally named "Qing" and changed their surnames to "He" to avoid the emperor's taboo. Surnames will also change due to political, geographical and ethnic reasons. Therefore, for thousands of years, the origin of surnames in China is varied, and opinions vary, but it can be summarized as follows: First, matriarchal clan society takes mother as its surname. Legend has it that in ancient times, Shennong's mother's name was female Deng, so many surnames were beside female characters at that time, such as Gu, Ji, Jiang, Gui and Si. 2. Take the place of birth and residence as the surname. According to legend, ancient Yu Shun took Yao as his surname because of Yaocheng. During the Spring and Autumn Period, doctors in Qi lived in the east, south, west and north respectively. Take Dongguo and Nanguo as surnames. Dr. Zheng lives in Ximen, so he takes Ximen as his surname. Third, take the ancient name as the surname. Yu, Xia and Shang dynasties all had the country of Wang Mang, and all the descendants of Wang Mang were surnamed Wang. In Shang Dynasty, there was a country called Ruan, and its descendants were named Ruan. Fourth, take the fief as the surname. Zhao Fu's name is Zhao Cheng, and his descendants are Zhao; Zhou Zhaowang's concubines were sealed in Weng by Xu Niuguang in Luoyang, so they were surnamed Weng; In the state of Xing, his son was named Hou and his descendants were named Xing. Fifth, take official position as surname. There were five meanings in ancient times, namely, Situ, Sima, Shi and Si Kou, and their descendants all took these official positions as their surnames. Sixth, the son of heaven gives the surname, taking the number as the surname. If Zhou Muwang died as a pet, in order to express her grief, she named her offspring pain; After the death of King Hui of Zhou, his descendants were made Hui. Seven, take the words of the ancestors as the surname. Such as Zheng Gongzi Yan, his son travels, and Sun Shi travels; Lu's son is called Zang, and all his descendants are surnamed Zang. Eight, because myths and legends are surnames. Legend has it that there was a descendant of the dragon in the sky in Shun time, and his descendants took the dragon as their surname; Legend has it that there is a bluebird in fairy tales, and future generations will also have the name of the bluebird. Nine. Change one's surname because of taboo or for some reason. For example, during the Warring States period, the descendants of King Xiang of Qi were originally named Tian and Qi.

X with the development of history, the nationalities are complex, and some surnames are transliterated in their own languages. For example, the descendants of Khan, the leader of Xiongnu, have many surnames. It can be seen that the surname is a symbol, not as mysterious and sacred as the defenders of the feudal patriarchal clan system advertised. XI. Take the surname as the surname. It came into being as a symbol of clan tribe in the period of clan commune, and some of its descendants directly inherited it as a surname. In matriarchal clan society, the mother is the surname, so many surnames were beside the female word at that time. Such as Ji, Jiang, Si, Yao and so on. Twelve. Take the country name as the surname. As we are familiar with the vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: Qi, Lu, Jin, Song, Zheng, Wu, Yue, Qin, Chu, Wei, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Chen, Cai, Cao, Hu, Xu and so on. Now it has become a common surname. Thirteen. Name a city. That is to say, urban fiefs are fiefs allocated by emperors and princes of various vassal States to ministers of the same surname or the opposite sex. Some of their descendants or people living in these fiefs will inherit them. Such as sealing four teas, when the fief was in Susheng, the descendants of the tea were all surnamed Su. According to statistics, there are nearly 200 surnames with Yi as their surname. Due to the long history, some compound surnames no longer exist. 14. Names with townships and museums as surnames. The common surnames today are Pei, Lu, Yan, Hao and Ouyang. Fifteen. Take the place of residence as the surname. Among these surnames, there are many compound surnames, usually including Qiu, Men, Xiang, Lu, Li, Ye and Guan. Representing living places in different environments. 16. Name your ancestors with their words or names. There are many surnames in this article. According to statistics, there are five or six hundred, including nearly two hundred compound surnames. For example, concubines in Zhou Pingwang, their descendants passed down from generation to generation in the forest. The son of Dai Gong, the son of Chong, is the emperor's father, and his grandson is named after his grandfather. Huangfu was named Huangfu in Han Dynasty. Seventeen and two are surnames. Family members take their surnames in the order of brothers, such as eldest brother, uncle or Meng, second child, second child, third child, Shu, fourth child and Ji. Descendants are clansmen, indicating the order in the clan. But there are exceptions Zhuang Gong's younger brother, the second, was originally a waiter in He Shen. Because of his regicide, later generations changed their surname to Meng, or. 18. Take the official position as the surname. Such as Si Tuleideng, Sima, Shi Si and Scott. Some surnames with official surnames can also be distinguished by their meanings, such as Ju, Jian, Cang, Cang, Jun, Chu, etc. Nineteen, take technology as the surname. Such as witches, fortune tellers, potters, craftsmen, butchers, etc. XX. The surnames brought by the integration of ancient ethnic minorities into the Han nationality. 2 1. posthumous title is a surname. Twenty-two, because of the given surname, taboo and change the surname.