What are the concrete achievements of Shang and Zhou civilizations?

First, the basic knowledge is aimed at Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jin Wen; Calendar achievements of Xia and Shang dynasties, astronomical records of Xia and Shang dynasties; Medicine, biology and geography in Shang and Zhou Dynasties; Shangshu and Zhouyi; Sculpture in Shang and Zhou Dynasties and bronze casting art. Second, the ability training goal 1. A certain culture is an ideological reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society. The cultural achievements of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are the inevitable result of the prosperity of slavery and the development of slavery economy. Through the study of three generations of cultural achievements, students can deepen their understanding of the basic viewpoints of historical materialism such as social existence determines social consciousness, and use these viewpoints to analyze and explain historical issues. 2. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the heyday of Chinese civilization, which laid the foundation for the profound Chinese culture in later generations. Learning these contents will contribute to the study of cultural history in the future, so as to understand the inheritance and origin of historical development. 3. Through the understanding of the philosophy of Zhouyi, correct the understanding that it is a pure divination book, so as to guide students to treat ancient cultural classics correctly. Third, the goal of ideological education 1. Writing is an important symbol of an ancient civilization. The appearance of characters originated from the practice of production and life, which promoted the progress of social civilization. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions are relatively mature Chinese characters, which have left valuable materials for studying the history of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. 2. In the Bronze Age of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China made a series of achievements in astronomy, calendar, medicine, biology and geography, which created conditions for social progress in the Iron Age. The development of three generations of social economy shows that science and technology are one of the driving forces for the development of human society. 3. One of the main contributions of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the history of philosophy is that the Book of Changes put forward the theory of Yin and Yang, which represents the simple dialectical thought in ancient times. The emergence of this idea is a manifestation of the enhancement of human ability to conquer nature. 4. The peak of sculpture and bronze casting art in Shang and Zhou Dynasties is a concrete manifestation of the economic development and scientific and technological progress of three generations of slavery, and also shows the intelligence of ancient working people. 5. By understanding the historical and cultural contents of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the contribution of ancient people in China to the development of world history, we can stimulate students' national pride and love for the motherland, so as to gradually cultivate the sense of historical responsibility for rejuvenating China. Teaching points 1. Xia, Shang and Zhou civilizations and prosperity II. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the Historical Value of Jinwen 1. Historical value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions II. The historical value of bronze inscriptions and bronze inscriptions. Calendar achievements in Xia and Shang Dynasties II. Astronomical records of Xia and Shang Dynasties. Shang and Zhou medicine. Achievements of biology and geography in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Shangshu and Zhouyi 1. Shangshu II. Zhouyi 5. Sculpture and bronze casting art 1. Sculpture art of Shang and Zhou Dynasties II. Teaching requirements and suggestions of bronze plastic arts in Shang dynasty 1. This part is the teaching content of a class, and those marked with an asterisk are non-test content. Teachers can determine the teaching focus and solve the teaching difficulties according to the specific situation. Secondly, the introduction summarizes the reasons for the prosperity of Xia, Shang and Zhou civilizations and its historical position. When teaching the introduction, teachers should first inspire students to think: Why is there an unprecedented highly developed culture in the slave society where the most cruel people exploit others and others oppress others? By recalling and thinking about the knowledge learned before, it is pointed out that the economic development and further division of labor of slavery are the reasons for the social and cultural development of slaves. III. Description of the title "Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen": 1. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery. This textbook introduces Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery, and explains the important contribution of writing to promoting the society into a civilized era. It is precisely because of the appearance of writing that the civilizations of past dynasties can be passed down from generation to generation through the carrier of writing. The history of China has never been interrupted, and the long-standing civilization continues, which is closely related to the writing. 2. The historical value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This textbook introduces in detail Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery, excavation scale, Oracle Bone Inscriptions content, word formation rules and historical data value. In addition to teaching these contents to students, we should also explain that Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a mature Chinese character from the formation law of Chinese characters "Six Books", the number of unearthed Oracle bones, and the extensive contents recorded in divination, but we should emphasize the historical value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Therefore, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's excavation and research can be introduced appropriately. 3. Bronze inscriptions and their historical value. The textbook introduces the meaning of bronze inscriptions (also known as "Zhong Dingwen" and "inscriptions") and the historical value of bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The teacher can point out that the inscriptions on bronzes are almost contemporary with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but they are quite different from Oracle Bone Inscriptions in writing structure. The inscriptions on bronze inscriptions reflect the political, economic, military and ideological aspects of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially the Western Zhou Dynasty, and are of high historical value. A small print about bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which the teacher can use to illustrate the significance of bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The inscriptions on bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty should guide students to observe and increase their perceptual knowledge. Fourth, "science and technology", the textbook introduces the achievements of calendar, astronomical records, medicine, biology and geography in Xia and Shang Dynasties. In order to facilitate learning and reflect scientific and technological progress, it is suggested to master the classification list of typical scientific and technological achievements according to the teaching materials, and the teaching activities should be student-centered. The knowledge of cadres and branches and a small word in the textbook "calendar achievements of Shang Dynasty" can be well explained. "Stone sickle of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Gaocheng, Hebei Province" and the fine print "Zhou people attach importance to protecting the environment" are for students to read, observe and think about, and are not introduced. The development of bronze industry is an important symbol of three generations of scientific and technological progress. The development of three generations of bronze industry has had a great and far-reaching impact on the development of three generations of society and science and technology. On this point, we can contact the representative bronzes of Shang Dynasty to make an appropriate explanation. 5. The book title Shangshu and Zhouyi introduces the historical and philosophical achievements of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. The development of social productive forces and science and technology promoted the development of naive materialism and naive dialectical philosophy in this period. 1. Shangshu. The textbook expounds the basic content and historical position of Shangshu. In fact, Shangshu has important philosophical significance besides historical value. But it doesn't have to be introduced in class. Teachers can read a passage from Wen Xin Diao Long commenting on Shangshu. 2. Zhouyi. The textbook objectively evaluates Zhouyi from three aspects: philosophical concept, moral value and superstitious thought. In order to correct students' one-sided understanding that Zhouyi is a pure divination book, teachers can introduce China's original philosophy of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang, originated from religious superstition of divination, is a philosophical term created by the ancients. As far as its basic meaning is concerned, it is the unity of opposites, which is a simple dialectical thought in ancient times. Mr. Jin, a contemporary expert on Yi Studies, believes that China people have long had their own complete dialectical expression. The Book of Changes explains philosophy with dialectics. Dialectics is not the patent of western philosophers. 6. The topic "Sculpture and Bronze Casting Art" illustrates the development level of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties from two aspects: "Shang and Zhou sculpture art" (ornamentation) and "Shang bronze casting art" (modeling). In terms of sculpture art, the textbook takes the flat carving, relief technology and bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty as examples to illustrate exquisite craftsmanship. As for the bronze casting art, the textbook selects the bronze portrait unearthed in Sanxingdui, Guanghan, Sichuan as a representative, and affirms that it is a masterpiece of bronze art. In addition to teaching students the representative achievements reflecting the technological level of three generations, the textbook also explains the fine print of "Sanxingdui large bronze statue in Guanghan" in a necessary way, so that students can enjoy beauty while accepting knowledge. The development of sculpture art in Shang Dynasty was related to the development of bronze casting industry. Smelting bronze provides a sharp bronze tool for carving; When casting bronzes, it is necessary to make models first, which is conducive to the development of plastic arts; To make a model of an object, we must carve it first, which opens up a vast world for carving art. The development of bronze smelting and casting industry in Yin Dynasty promoted the development of sculpture art, and teachers can explain it appropriately to help students understand the reasons why sculpture and bronze casting reached their peak in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. As for the jade carvings of Shang Dynasty, students can look at them themselves without explanation. Seven, after the new lesson, we can summarize according to "what cultural achievements Xia, Shang and Western Zhou made, why they made these achievements, and what impact they had on the historical development of later generations". Teaching objectives 1. Basic knowledge targets Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen; Calendar achievements of Xia and Shang dynasties, astronomical records of Xia and Shang dynasties; Medicine, biology and geography in Shang and Zhou Dynasties; Shangshu and Zhouyi; Sculpture in Shang and Zhou Dynasties and bronze casting art. Second, the ability training goal 1. A certain culture is an ideological reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society. The cultural achievements of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are the inevitable result of the prosperity of slavery and the development of slavery economy. Through the study of three generations of cultural achievements, students can deepen their understanding of the basic viewpoints of historical materialism such as social existence determines social consciousness, and use these viewpoints to analyze and explain historical issues. 2. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the heyday of Chinese civilization, which laid the foundation for the profound Chinese culture in later generations. Learning these contents will contribute to the study of cultural history in the future, so as to understand the inheritance and origin of historical development. 3. Through the understanding of the philosophy of Zhouyi, correct the understanding that it is a pure divination book, so as to guide students to treat ancient cultural classics correctly. Third, the goal of ideological education 1. Writing is an important symbol of an ancient civilization. The appearance of characters originated from the practice of production and life, which promoted the progress of social civilization. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions are relatively mature Chinese characters, which have left valuable materials for studying the history of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. 2. In the Bronze Age of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China made a series of achievements in astronomy, calendar, medicine, biology and geography, which created conditions for social progress in the Iron Age. The development of three generations of social economy shows that science and technology are one of the driving forces for the development of human society. 3. One of the main contributions of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the history of philosophy is that the Book of Changes put forward the theory of Yin and Yang, which represents the simple dialectical thought in ancient times. The emergence of this idea is a manifestation of the enhancement of human ability to conquer nature. 4. The peak of sculpture and bronze casting art in Shang and Zhou Dynasties is a concrete manifestation of the economic development and scientific and technological progress of three generations of slavery, and also shows the intelligence of ancient working people. 5. By understanding the historical and cultural contents of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the contribution of ancient people in China to the development of world history, we can stimulate students' national pride and love for the motherland, so as to gradually cultivate the sense of historical responsibility for rejuvenating China. Teaching points 1. Xia, Shang and Zhou civilizations and prosperity II. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the Historical Value of Jinwen 1. Historical value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions II. The historical value of bronze inscriptions and bronze inscriptions. Calendar achievements in Xia and Shang Dynasties II. Astronomical records of Xia and Shang Dynasties. Shang and Zhou medicine. Achievements of biology and geography in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Shangshu and Zhouyi 1. Shangshu II. Zhouyi 5. Sculpture and bronze casting art 1. Sculpture art of Shang and Zhou Dynasties II. Teaching requirements and suggestions of bronze plastic arts in Shang dynasty 1. This part is the teaching content of a class, and those marked with an asterisk are non-test content. Teachers can determine the teaching focus and solve the teaching difficulties according to the specific situation. Secondly, the introduction summarizes the reasons for the prosperity of Xia, Shang and Zhou civilizations and its historical position. When teaching the introduction, teachers should first inspire students to think: Why is there an unprecedented highly developed culture in the slave society where the most cruel people exploit others and others oppress others? By recalling and thinking about the knowledge learned before, it is pointed out that the economic development and further division of labor of slavery are the reasons for the social and cultural development of slaves. III. Description of the title "Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen": 1. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery. This textbook introduces Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery, and explains the important contribution of writing to promoting the society into a civilized era. It is precisely because of the appearance of writing that the civilizations of past dynasties can be passed down from generation to generation through the carrier of writing. The history of China has never been interrupted, and the long-standing civilization continues, which is closely related to the writing. 2. The historical value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This textbook introduces in detail Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery, excavation scale, Oracle Bone Inscriptions content, word formation rules and historical data value. In addition to teaching these contents to students, we should also explain that Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a mature Chinese character from the formation law of Chinese characters "Six Books", the number of unearthed Oracle bones, and the extensive contents recorded in divination, but we should emphasize the historical value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Therefore, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's excavation and research can be introduced appropriately. 3. Bronze inscriptions and their historical value. The textbook introduces the meaning of bronze inscriptions (also known as "Zhong Dingwen" and "inscriptions") and the historical value of bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The teacher can point out that the inscriptions on bronzes are almost contemporary with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but they are quite different from Oracle Bone Inscriptions in writing structure. The inscriptions on bronze inscriptions reflect the political, economic, military and ideological aspects of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially the Western Zhou Dynasty, and are of high historical value. A small print about bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which the teacher can use to illustrate the significance of bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The inscriptions on bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty should guide students to observe and increase their perceptual knowledge. Fourth, "science and technology", the textbook introduces the achievements of calendar, astronomical records, medicine, biology and geography in Xia and Shang Dynasties. In order to facilitate learning and reflect scientific and technological progress, it is suggested to master the classification list of typical scientific and technological achievements according to the teaching materials, and the teaching activities should be student-centered. The knowledge of cadres and branches and a small word in the textbook "calendar achievements of Shang Dynasty" can be well explained. "Stone sickle of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Gaocheng, Hebei Province" and the fine print "Zhou people attach importance to protecting the environment" are for students to read, observe and think about, and are not introduced. The development of bronze industry is an important symbol of three generations of scientific and technological progress. The development of three generations of bronze industry has had a great and far-reaching impact on the development of three generations of society and science and technology. On this point, we can contact the representative bronzes of Shang Dynasty to make an appropriate explanation. 5. The book title Shangshu and Zhouyi introduces the historical and philosophical achievements of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. The development of social productive forces and science and technology promoted the development of naive materialism and naive dialectical philosophy in this period. 1. Shangshu. The textbook expounds the basic content and historical position of Shangshu. In fact, Shangshu has important philosophical significance besides historical value. But it doesn't have to be introduced in class. Teachers can read a passage from Wen Xin Diao Long commenting on Shangshu. 2. Zhouyi. The textbook objectively evaluates Zhouyi from three aspects: philosophical concept, moral value and superstitious thought. In order to correct students' one-sided understanding that Zhouyi is a pure divination book, teachers can introduce China's original philosophy of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang, originated from religious superstition of divination, is a philosophical term created by the ancients. As far as its basic meaning is concerned, it is the unity of opposites, which is a simple dialectical thought in ancient times. Mr. Jin, a contemporary expert on Yi Studies, believes that China people have long had their own complete dialectical expression. The Book of Changes explains philosophy with dialectics. Dialectics is not the patent of western philosophers. 6. The topic "Sculpture and Bronze Casting Art" illustrates the development level of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties from two aspects: "Shang and Zhou sculpture art" (ornamentation) and "Shang bronze casting art" (modeling). In terms of sculpture art, the textbook takes the flat carving, relief technology and bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty as examples to illustrate exquisite craftsmanship. As for the bronze casting art, the textbook selects the bronze portrait unearthed in Sanxingdui, Guanghan, Sichuan as a representative, and affirms that it is a masterpiece of bronze art. In addition to teaching students the representative achievements reflecting the technological level of three generations, the textbook also explains the fine print of "Sanxingdui large bronze statue in Guanghan" in a necessary way, so that students can enjoy beauty while accepting knowledge. The development of sculpture art in Shang Dynasty was related to the development of bronze casting industry. Smelting bronze provides a sharp bronze tool for carving; When casting bronzes, it is necessary to make models first, which is conducive to the development of plastic arts; To make a model of an object, we must carve it first, which opens up a vast world for carving art. The development of bronze smelting and casting industry in Yin period promoted the development of sculpture art. In this regard, teachers can