Who is the ancestor of Lu? It's better to have an introduction

Ji Dan. Also known as the Duke of Zhou, Zhou Wuwang's younger brother Zhou Gongdan was one of the Duke of Zhou. He is the commander-in-chief of Zhou Dynasty and has made great contributions. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang was a vassal and was awarded the State of Lu (the capital is now Qufu, Shandong Province), which is one of the richest places in the world. After being sealed, he wanted to stay in the capital to assist the government, so he sent his son Boqin to seal Lu. From the thirty-fourth generation to 256 BC, the king of Lu became a duke, and Lu was destroyed by Chu, so his descendants took the country as their surname and called it Lu. They are revered as the ancestors of Lu.

Zhou Gongdan introduced in detail.

Zhou Gongdan was a politician in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Duke Zhou's surname is Ji, his younger brother, also known as Shu Dan. Zhou Wenwang Zhou Wenwang's fourth son and Zhou Wuwang's half-brother. Because the fief is in Zhou, it is called Duke Zhou. After the death of King Wu, his son became a young king. He was the regent of this country. After the death of King Wu, putting down the rebellion of the "Three Supervisors", promoting feudalism, establishing the East Capital and the system of rites and music, and returning the government to become a king played a key role in consolidating and developing the rule of the Zhou Dynasty and had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's history. Duke Zhou was not only an outstanding politician and strategist at that time, but also a versatile poet and scholar. His brothers, Cai Shu and Huo Shu colluded with Shang Zhou's sons, such as Wu Geng, Xu and Yan, to rebel. He was ordered to start his career, suppressed the rebellion three years later and extended his power to the sea. After the completion of Zhouluoyi, it became the eastern capital. According to legend, the system of rites and music has established a set of laws and regulations. His remarks can be found in various articles in Shangshu.

Assist the prince of Wu to destroy the business.

Zhou Ben is an active tribe who is good at agriculture in the present Shaanxi-Gansu region. King Tai and King Ji began to prosper. King Wen broke the dispute between Yu and Rui, conquered the dog Rong, consolidated the rear, crossed the river, conquered Li (now southwest of Changzhi, Shanxi) and attacked the pass where merchants often hunted (now northwest of Qinyang, Henan). After Guo Chong, the Shang Dynasty's surname, was destroyed, Fengyi (now northwest of Chang 'an, Shaanxi Province) was established on the west bank of Fengshui, so as to move eastward. And the Duke of Zhou helped their father, King Wen, to become the master of the West, laying the foundation and destroying the Shang Dynasty.

Yin did not deeply realize the seriousness of the development of the power of western Ji surname. He invaded the East, refused domestic advice, and made a mess of domestic politics. After the death of King Wen, King Wu succeeded to the throne, and Duke Zhou was his most important right-hand man. With the help of Bi Gong, he watched the soldiers in the League (Meng) and Tianjin, and held a meeting with the governors of the world. This is a general drill before the attack, and it is also a kind of temptation. The following year1February, King Wu, with the help of Duke Zhou and others, commanded 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 military men to cross Jin Meng. In the early morning of February (about 1027 BC), King Wu gathered in Mu Ye, a suburb of Shang Dynasty, and took the oath of grazing in Shangshu.

The Grazing Oath was written by Duke Zhou. The full text is divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph denounces Shang Zhouwang for only listening to the woman (da ji) and not offering sacrifices to the ancestor God. Even their ancestors and brothers are not used, but they reuse sinners who have fled from all directions and let them oppress the people, leading to widespread indignation and resentment, yin and destruction; The second paragraph declares that he is a natural punishment, declares operational discipline and encourages soldiers to bravely kill the enemy.

Zhou Wang sent his troops to resist. As a result, the army turned around and rushed back to kill, and the army was defeated. Zhou Wang boarded the deer platform and set himself on fire. The next day, the Duke of Zhou surrounded the Great Yue State and the Small Yue State around the prince of Wu, and announced the charges to the Heavenly Court and officially declared the demise of the Yin Dynasty, and the prince of Wu was the son of heaven in the Zhou Dynasty. Others are only responsible for etiquette, security and arrangement of utensils for worshipping heaven and earth. Comparing the two, we can see that Duke Zhou's position is second only to King Wu's, and his cymbal is a symbol of power.

Zhou Wang died, but King Wu couldn't decide how to deal with the slave owners and upper-class nobles in Shang Dynasty. He first asked the squire-Jiang Shang. Taigong said, "I heard that I love my dog. If, on the contrary, people are not worthy of love, then the fences and walls in the village need not be kept. " It means not only killing Yin Zhou, but also killing all the hostile Yin people. Zhou Wuwang didn't agree. Come to Zhao Gong to discuss. Zhao Gong said, "Kill the guilty and leave the innocent." King Wu said, "No." So I found Duke Zhou again. Duke Zhou said, "Let Yin people live in their original places and cultivate them in their original places. Strive for influential benevolent people among the Yin people. " Duke Zhou's policy of living, local resettlement and disintegration won the praise of King Wu. King Wu ordered Zhao Gong to release the imprisoned Jizi and the imprisoned nobles; Repair Shang Rong's former residence and set up signs; Let Hong Sheng finish the tomb of the Prince; Ordered Nangong Kuo to distribute money from Lutai, open the granary of Giant Bridge and help the hungry Yin people. All these measures show that we should do the opposite, rehabilitate those who have been harmed by Yin and fight for Yin people.

King Wu engaged in feudalism in order to safeguard the Zhou Dynasty. Fifteen state-owned brothers were sealed, and forty were state-owned Ji; The Yi wares and treasures of the ancestral temple in Shang Dynasty were also distributed to the governors who participated in the Makino War.

Crusade, treason and pacify the three prisons.

It turned out to be a place directly ruled by Shang Dynasty, and King Wu divided it into three parts, among which Zhou Wang's son Wu Genglu's father was in charge, Wei was in charge of Cai Shudu, and Yong was in charge of the county, which was called "three supervision" in history. (Some people say that Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Huo Shu are also called "three supervisors". However, it is said that Uncle Huo is one of the "three supervisors", and Historical Records and Hanshu are not included in this list. ) fief in the tube (now Zhengzhou, Henan Province), Cai Shu fief in Cai (now Shangcai, Henan Province). Lu (now Qufu, Shandong Province) made him Duke of Zhou. Feng Taigong looked at Yingqiu (now Linzi North, Shandong Province). Better than Yan. (Now it is southwest of Beijing, and it is said that it is in Beijing. )

King Wu of Haojing, after returning from the destruction of commerce, discussed with Duke Zhou to build a capital on the plain between Luoshui and Yishui to control the East. Because of working day and night, King Wu was seriously ill. Duke Zhou prayed to his ancestors King Tai, King Qi and King Wen. He said, Your Sun Yuan is very ill. If you owe God a child, let me take his place. I am kind and versatile. Your Sun Yuan is not as versatile as me and can't serve ghosts and gods. Today, we think this prayer is funny, but it is very sincere and selfless to Zhou people who believed in the destiny of ghosts and gods more than 3 thousand years ago. After praying, King Wu's condition improved, but he died soon. King Wu was willing to pass on the throne to Duke Zhou, a wise uncle, and said that this matter could be decided face to face without divination. Duke Zhou sobbed and refused. After the death of King Wu, the prince recited the right to inherit the throne. Wang Cheng is just a teenager. In the face of the complex situation that the country has just been established, not yet stable, and domestic troubles and foreign invasion follow one after another, it is absolutely impossible to become a king. "Shangshu Dazhao" said: "The western soil is in great trouble, and the western natives are not quiet." "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" also said: "Public fear, Mubu." The death of King Wu has made the whole country lose its center of gravity, and the situation urgently needs a talented, prestigious person who can deal with problems in time to clean up the situation. This responsibility falls on the Duke of Zhou. Duke Zhou was king when he was in office, playing the role of king. This was a natural thing at that time. There are many records in ancient books, and the Duke of Zhou claimed to be the king. Only in the Han Dynasty, after the reunification, the Duke of Zhou claimed to be the king, and the monarchy was supreme, so that the Duke of Zhou was said to be the "Regent King" and "Pseudo King".

King Wen is not the eldest son. He has two brothers-Taber and Zhong Yong. Bo Yi, the eldest son of King Wen, is on top. Duke of Zhou regards his brother as king. Although it is understandable that the third sage in front of him is only an old four. Duke of Zhou was king, and he was interested in fighting for power and profit, so he made a rumor: "Duke of Zhou is not conducive to being king." In the third year after the Yin Dynasty (BC 1024), together with Cai Shu, he encouraged Wu Gengxu's father to fight against Zhou Dynasty. There are dozens of countries in the East, such as Xu, Yan, and so on, all of which had close relations with the Shang Dynasty. This is an extremely heavy blow to the Zhou Dynasty, which has just been established for more than three years. If the rebellion is not overcome, the Zhou Dynasty will face great difficulties, and the achievements made by Zhou Wenwang after decades of dismal operation will be destroyed. The Zhou royal family is in jeopardy. There are also people in the royal family who are skeptical about the duke of Zhou as king. This situation of internal and external attack put Duke Zhou in a very difficult situation. He first stabilized the internal affairs, maintained unity, and persuaded King Taigong and Zhao Gong to be happy. He said: "The reason why I did not avoid the difficult times and became king was that I was worried that the world would betray the Zhou Dynasty. Otherwise, I have no face to repay Wang Tai, Ji Wang and Wang Wen. The three kings have been worried about the world for a long time, and now they have achieved something. King Wu left us prematurely, and he became king at such a young age. I did this to achieve the Zhou Dynasty. " After the Duke of Zhou unified his internal opinions, the following year (before 1023), he held a crusade against Guan, Cai and Wu Geng. Divination was carried out in advance and "Da Gao" was released.

BC 1022, the Three Swords Rebellion was successfully suppressed, Guan Shu Xian, the first offender, was killed, Wu Geng, who fled to the north, was captured and killed, and Cai Shu, who committed minor crimes, was exiled. After Cai Shu died, his son Hu was very different from his father. Hearing this, the Duke of Zhou promoted him to an official of the State of Lu. Hu governed Lu very well, and Duke Zhou named Hu Xincai.

After the Duke of Zhou pacified Cai, he marched eastward and destroyed Yan (now Qufu, Shandong Province) and other more than 50 countries, and rushed to the seaside to kill Fei Lian. From this week's influence to the seaside.

Great feudalism to shield the surrounding rooms.

How to rule the conquered areas is a big problem after the victory of the war. Wu Geng, Yizhou, the chaos, that in important areas can no longer use the old clan leaders, must be enfeoffed the most reliable members of the Zhou family, which is different from the enfeoffment of the prince of Wu. Duke Zhou named his brother Kang Shu as the central area ruled by the former Shang king, thinking that the capital (now Qixian County, Henan Province) was given to his seven Yin people: Tao; Shi, Fan, Huang, Hong Ge, Zhong Kui, etc. are mostly families with certain handicraft expertise. The fief in Kang Shu was not only large in area, but also had eight divisions to prevent the Yin people from resisting again.

In order to make Kang Shu rule smoothly, the Duke of Zhou successively issued three letters to Kang Shu: Gao Kang, Jiu Hao and Zi Cai. This is unique among many sealed people. One of the reasons is that Kang Shu ruled in the hearts of Yin people, and the problem was the most acute and complicated; Second, the Duke of Zhou conquered first, which was also the place where the Yin people concentrated, and after the victory of the war, Kang Shu was sealed earlier. Gao Kang, Jiu Hao and Zicai can be regarded as the policy program of the Duke of Zhou for the newly conquered areas. The three themes are "respecting heaven and protecting people" and "being cautious about punishment", so that the Yin people can settle down and engage in normal agricultural production and commercial activities after two consecutive major upheavals. But it is not always accommodating, drinking is impolite, unfilial and unfriendly.

The election is a big country in the East. After Guan and Cai spread rumors, Mr. Xuan once said to Wu Genglu's father: "The king of Wu is dead, the king of Zhou is young, and the duke of Zhou is suspicious. The world will be chaotic. Please mention the case (anti-week). " When the Duke of Zhou was elected, the eldest son Boqin was sealed and the State of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong) was established. Six Yin people distributed to Boqin: Xu, Tiao, Xiao, Soxh, Long Shao,. These are also handicraft clans with some expertise, as slaves of Duke Lu.

Bo Gu and other countries also took part in the anti-Zhou Dynasty, learning from their father, Jiang Taigong, which was originally named as the capital of Qi Huangong and Yingqiu (now Shandong). Taigong is a general with both wisdom and courage. During the attack week, he took the lead in rushing into the enemy's rear. This time, the Duke of Zhou made great contributions to the crusade, and his fief was quite large. The land that Duke Zhou asked Zhao Gong to seal to Taigong was "east to the sea, west to the river, south to Muling, and north to Wudi". At the same time, it also enjoyed the privilege of special expropriation and special logging. "The five emperors and nine uncles really want to levy." There are many small countries near Yingqiu. When Taigong took office, Dongyilai people competed with him for land. Qi destroyed these small countries one by one and became a big country in the East.

Shuang, who has the same name as Zhou, was named Yan, while his eldest son was named after the rebellion, and his capital was in Hebei (now Beijing). Yan was the barrier of the Zhou Dynasty to the northeast. Its establishment can cut off the connection between the old clan of Yin and Shang and the ancient clan with the same surname in the north, and be close to the Su Shen clan in Songhua River, Heilongjiang River and Liaohe River Basin. It turned out to be a distant country in Zhou. In recent years, many Shang and Zhou bronzes have been found in Beijing and southern Liaoning. It is confirmed that Yan in the early Zhou Dynasty really ruled the vast territory in the north.

When Zhou Wuwang attacked, Wei Zi came to the military gate with sacrificial utensils, took off his coat, exposed his arms, tied his hands behind his back, and knelt down to surrender to King Wu. King Wu himself untied him and still let him run the original country. I didn't take part in the rebellion of the third prison. After Zhou's rebellion, he was ordered to represent the descendants of Yin people, pay homage to Yin, the first male and the first king, and establish the Song State (now Shangqiu, Henan). Later, Song became a famous big country. In the Song Dynasty, there were Qi in the west (now Qixian County, Henan Province), Chen in the southwest (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) and some small countries in the north. Song was surrounded by various countries.

In addition to the above countries, the Duke of Zhou also enfeoffed a large number of countries with the same surname and countries with different surnames. According to the dog's paw effect, the Duke of Zhou "founded 71 countries, and Ji lived alone with 53 people. In the twenty-fourth year of Zuo Zhuan, Fu Liang said: "Zhou Gongdi's second uncle was not salty, so the feudal relatives used Fan. Guan, Cai, Cheng, Huo, Lu, Wei, Mao, Yong, Cao, Teng, Bi, Yuan, Tan, Yi and Wen Ye. Han, Jin, Ying, Han and Wu also. Fan, Jiang, Xing, Mao, Ji, Sacrifice, Duke of Yin. "It can be seen that there are many countries, large and small, which have been blocked by the Duke of Zhou.

The prince of Wu and the merchants only attacked the core of the Shang Dynasty, and its peripheral forces were swept away until the Duke of Zhou marched eastward. Although about 50 countries were conquered in three years, the consolidation and expansion of the occupied territories were still after the enfeoffment of the same surname. After the Eastern Expedition, Zhou people were no longer the "small country week" in the west, but became a big country with the sea in the east, the Huaihe River basin in the south and Liaodong in the north.

The sudden flurry of the Duke of Zhou's eastward expedition swept the lower reaches, stirring up the pattern of the original ethnic tribes. Some Xu fled to Jiangnan (now Jiangxi); Part of Dongyi was driven to the Huaihe River Basin; Win the surname and move westward; Chu fled to Vale. This has caused great ethnic migration and integration.

The crusaders fought brutally and fiercely. The Book of Songs: "If you break my axe, you still need me." The powerful Duke of Zhou led us eastward, and the four kingdoms put down the rebellion. It is Kong's wish to be sad for me. "Soldiers follow the duke of zhou crusade, axe cut out a gap. Although they suffered a lot in the battle, they are lucky to be alive. Crusaders miss their hometown, and once they return to the fields, their hearts are full of reverie. The Book of Songs Dongshan is a vivid portrayal of this kind of psychology. It is no longer a situation of "being shaken by the wind and rain and only giving voice" before the war.

The Construction of Liyue System in Luoyi

The development of the vast territory of the East requires the center of gravity of the rule to move eastward. After the Duke of Zhou drafted troops in the East, he set out to build Luoyi, the capital of the East. The main labor force for building a city is the "Yin stubborn people", that is, the upper class among the Yin people. The "stubborn people" moved westward, leaving them out of their original place of residence and losing their social influence; Second, it is centralized and easy to manage. In order to take care of Yin stubborn people, the Duke of Zhou once sent eight divisions to be stationed.

Luoyi, the east capital, is located in the center of Luo Yi Basin where Yishui and Luoshui meet. The terrain here is flat and fertile, with Longmen Mountain in the south and Mangshan Mountain in the north, surrounded by mountains, and the terrain is dangerous. Yi, Luo, Zhan and Jane gathered together. Hulao Pass in the east, Hangu Pass in the west, according to the east-west traffic throat. Down the river, you can reach the hometown of Yin people. Shun Luoshui, Wei, Lu. There are two waters in the south, Ru and Ying, which can reach harmony. The Yiluo Basin is indeed a good place to build a capital.

In the fifth year of Duke Zhou's reign (BC 1020), Luoyi was formally established. On the fifth day of March, Zhao Gong first came to Luoyi. After divination, he determined the city site where Jianshui and Luoshui meet, and then planned the specific location of the city wall, ancestral temple, court and city. May 1 1 day was successfully planned. The next day, Duke Zhou came to Luoyi, made a comprehensive inspection of the planning of faithfulness and divination. Divination shows that Zhanshui West, Zhanshui East and Luoshui Waterfront will build new capitals. It took about a year to build. The city is 1720 feet, and the outer city is 70 miles. The palaces in the city are magnificent, and the new capital is called "Xinyi" or "Silla"; Therefore, there is Mangshan Mountain in the north of Hubei Province, so it is also called Mangshan Mountain. Xindu is the residence of the King of Zhou, also known as the "King City". The residence of Yin people in the eastern suburb of Xinyi and east of Zhanshui is called "Cheng Zhou", which means to achieve Zhou Dao. The original Haojiang River was called "Zhou Zong".

After the completion of Luoyi, the capital of East China, the Duke of Zhou called the princes of the world to hold a grand celebration. Here, governors from all over the world were officially granted and various laws and regulations were announced. The so-called "system of rites and music".

In order to consolidate Zhou's rule, Zhou Gong successively issued various proclamations, from which we can get a glimpse of various policies formulated by Zhou Gong after summing up Xia Yin's ruling experience. The Duke of Zhou gave Wei Kangshu three letters, namely Gao Kang, Jiu Hao and Zi Cai. The purpose of Gao Kang is to stabilize the Yin people, and the whole content is nothing more than "knowing morality and being cautious about punishment". Zhou Wenwang won the world because he was "observant and didn't dare to bully widows". The "king of sages" in the Yin Dynasty was also a citizen and protector. One of the specific contents of "Mingde" is "protecting Yin people". "Cautious punishment" means doing things according to law, including the reasonable elements of Yin law. Punishment should not be abused. In some cases, it takes five or six days or ten days to decide. As for killing people and stealing goods, those who are "unfilial and unfriendly" should be "punished without forgiveness" The proclamation repeatedly emphasized "Kangmin", "Bao Min", "for the people" and "sublime". Tell Uncle Kang to be diligent and not covet comfort. "Destiny" is not fixed, only "wisdom and prudence". "Seriously punishing" is not business as usual, but giving consideration to Yin law and promoting Zhou law, so that Yin people can become "new people".

The wine patent is aimed at the drinking habits of Yin people. Brewing requires a lot of food, and this drinking habit is simply unbearable for Zhou people who started from agriculture. Duke Zhou did not completely ban alcohol, but he could still drink a little when there was a sacrificial ceremony. Drinking in groups is not good, and we can't let it go. Be sure to catch it and "kill it". "To kill" means that I will kill, not necessarily. Therefore, "returning to Zhou" means not to give the Yin people the impression that "the boy condemns the murderer". This is consistent with "protecting the people" and "protecting the people". We should be guided to "plant crops" or "lead cattle to wait on Jia from afar" to do business with adoptive parents. The former king of Yin, from Tang Cheng to Diyi, never dared to "entertain himself", let alone get together and drink.

As for craftsmen drinking, it is another matter. Do not kill them. Educate them first. Obviously, policies are treated differently.

Zicai still advocates "Mingde" and opposes "regicide". As for people, don't kill each other and abuse each other. As for respecting widows, as for being a woman, tolerance is reasonable. From top to bottom, there is no cruelty, but "respecting the widowed", and "combining reason with tolerance" will naturally have a stable situation. The formation of this situation is not easy to get. We should be as diligent as farmers in weeding, soil preparation and idling ditches on the edge of fields. Like the maintenance of houses, walls are often repaired, plastered with mud and covered with grass; Like a craftsman, he treats utensils, works hard for theseus, and then paints them with black paint and red paint. In a word, diligent use of virtue and protection of the people can "be king for ten thousand years".

The basic idea that runs through the three articles is to stabilize the Yin people, not to give them a cruel image, to be cautious in punishment and to engage in it according to law. As for the transformation of bad habits-alcoholism, one is to limit, the other is to guide and the third is to treat it differently. As a ruler, you should be diligent.

Gao Kang, Jiu Hao and Zi were the political strategies of the Duke of Zhou for the conquered areas, while Todos was the policy for the stubborn people who moved to Luoyi. After the completion of Luoyi, how did this group of Yin stubborn people who built the city behave? This is an issue on the agenda. Tusi is a proclamation issued by Duke Zhou to Yin stubborn people. The full text is divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph is to attack the heart and make Yin stubborn people obey the rule of Zhou people. The reason is that you scholars are not good. God gave me a great life, not that I "dare to live my life" or "dare to seek my position" Just as your ancestors replaced Xia Jie, it is also "God will not protect" Xia Jie. Now I have moved you from a "merchant of paradise" to a Buddhist paradise. Don't blame me. I pity you. This is my destiny. The second paragraph is about giving them a way out of life and letting them live on the spot, with your fields and your house. "You still have your land, but you are still willing to stop." If you can obey orders, be a virtuous person and be appointed. God will have mercy on you, otherwise, you will not only lose your land, but I will also impose God's punishment on you.

Attack the prisoners, make them stand on their own two feet, and pay equal attention to kindness and prestige. This is a set of reform policies. The "destiny" that Duke Zhou repeatedly said was not his creation, but inherited from ancient times. Mozi's Love for All quoted Yu Shi's words: "Heaven punishes", which was the oath Zheng Yu made when he was three years old. When Tang fell, he swore: "Xia is guilty of many crimes, and his life is at stake." "Heaven" is no longer a god who simply embodies the forces of nature. God has intervened in human affairs. Duke Zhou also mentioned "the punishment of respecting heaven" in his pastoral vows. Duke Zhou, who told the enemy more about fate, has developed his concept of "heaven". Whether the "destiny" is transferred and how to keep it depends on whether there is "virtue". Jie lost his destiny because of the loss of "virtue", and Zhou people must have "virtue" if they want to keep "destiny" Therefore, when the Duke of Zhou taught Zhou people, he talked more about "Mingde". "Destiny" has become something that can be maintained and won. It is positive that people no longer blindly obey "fate" but have the possibility of subjective efforts. The son of heaven is the agent of heaven. On the one hand, he has supreme authority, but it is not unconditional. He must have "virtue", otherwise his fate will shift, so the monarch and the son of heaven can't do whatever they want, which is conditional and binding. On the eve of his death, he said, "I don't have a life in heaven?" Duke Zhou's thought is much more advanced than his and Yin's. One of the conditions for observing the destiny is to protect the people, and the situation of the people has to be seriously considered by the monarch.

In addition to the legacy of Yin, there are also "Hou, Dian, Men, Bang and Bo" who participate in the construction of the new capital. These are mostly old princes of Yin. When Dongdu was built, Duke Zhou admonished not only Yin stubborn people, but also these "many parties". Todos emphasized the change of heaven and highlighted the Xia Dynasty in many ways. Zhou Ge's popularity is due to "refusing to criticize the people" and "failing to protect the people", so Tang Cheng used "making summer a democracy in many ways" to "make use of virtue", and genius made Zhou "simple and virtuous, but negative in many ways". For "multi-party", it repeatedly emphasizes "protecting the people". In view of "multi-party", I miss Lao Yin and don't love Zhou Bang. On the one hand, I let them have a farmhouse; On the other hand, if you don't listen to Zhou's orders, then "I am his punishment." If you are harmonious internally and work hard, "diligence is one thing", God will pity you and I will give you a great reward at some point. A virtuous person can also be an official in Wang Ting. Five years is good, and I can go back to my hometown.

Weeks after the Duke of Zhou put down the rebellion, the problem was the long-term stability plan of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the system of rites and music. This is the sixth year of Duke Zhou's reign. "Li" emphasizes "don't", which is called "respect"; The function of "music" is "harmony", which is the so-called "kiss". Harmony but difference are two aspects to consolidate the internal unity of Zhou people.

The central problem to be solved by etiquette is the distinction between honor and inferiority, that is, the patriarchal clan system, and then the establishment of inheritance system. Because there is no strict inheritance system, the Duke of Zhou can certainly be called the "salty king", and Guan and Cai can also betray the royal family for the throne. The small state should consider the experience and lessons of the big state Yin, and the Duke of Zhou knew Xia Yin's history like the back of his hand. Judging from the limited number of people who offered sacrifices to ancestors and brothers and sisters in the Yin Dynasty, they were divided into ordinary people, and the son was more expensive than the mother. Yin is the coexistence of younger brother and younger son, which once led to the "ninth rebellion". After all, it is a biological law to pass on one's younger brother to another. There are contradictions between the younger generation and the younger generation. The younger brother has contradictions between his younger brother's son and his older brother's son. The existence of these contradictions will often lead to royal disputes, which will lead to the decline of royal power and the prosperity of the country. After Kangding, Wuyi, Wending, Diyi and Di Xin in the Yin Dynasty, the system of passing on brothers was abolished obviously, and the system of passing on children was established. Before the Duke of Zhou, Zhou did not establish the tenure system, and the successor of King Tai was not Tai Bohe, but Li. King Wu had a brother named Bo Yigao, but King Wen took King Wu Ji Fa as his prince. Since the Duke of Zhou, "Cheng Wang, Kang Wang, Mu Wang, * * * Wang and Yi Wang" have been handed down from generation to generation. This is no accident. The establishment of this system, that is, the eldest son inheritance system, should be attributed to the Duke of Zhou. After the establishment of the eldest son inheritance system, only the eldest son has the right to inherit, thus legally exempting brothers from competing for the throne and playing a role in stabilizing and consolidating the order of the ruling class. The eldest son inheritance system is the core of patriarchal clan system. Duke Zhou combined the patriarchal clan system with the political system and created a complete superstructure serving slavery. Zhou is a big family in the world, but for Zhou, the princes named Ji are small families. These vassals are very big in their own countries, and all of them have the same surname, Doctor Qing, forming a pagoda-shaped structure, with Zhou at the top. One of the purposes of conferring governors with the same surname in the Zhou Dynasty was to form this political structure of combining blood, which was a big step forward compared with the alliance form in the Yin Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty shared the same surname but never married, and the Emperor of Zhou regarded the princes with different surnames as nephews and uncles. Blood marriage constitutes the ruling system of Zhou people. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, its weaknesses were exposed, and the county system replaced the enfeoffment system. However, under the specific conditions at that time, there was no doubt that a hierarchical political institution with Huaxia nationality as the main body was formed, which was far more progressive than that ruled by Yin people. The patriarchal clan system will inevitably promote the maintenance of the hierarchical etiquette of the respect of father and son, brother, son of heaven and vassal. This etiquette is the externalization of affiliation. On the other hand, it played a role in consolidating the patriarchal clan system, with the aim of maintaining patriarchy and the rule of Emperor S6. Any violation of etiquette, dormitory, clothing, utensils and other specific provisions. Will be considered indecent and trespassing.

If Zhou Tianzi can grant people territory, it must be based on state-owned land. "The world is the land of kings, the land of leaders, and the king's minister?" (The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Beishan) In the heyday of Duke Zhou's martial arts, this was not fiction. The resulting "the ground is not delicious"; Land is not allowed to be bought or sold, and I am afraid it is also from the Duke of Zhou. Duke of Zhou can grant Jiang Taigong the privilege of conquering alone. Then, I am afraid that "the conquest of rites and music comes from the son of heaven" was established in the Duke of Zhou or earlier, and it was legally established by the Duke of Zhou. In order to strengthen the central dynasty's rule over local areas, the system of conferring titles, patrolling hunting and paying tribute was probably determined by the Duke of Zhou on the basis of summing up the experience of the previous generation.

On the one hand, Duke Zhou's system of rites and music is systematic on the basis of summarizing the previous experience, on the other hand, it is also a summary of Zhou people's concrete practice.

Give way to the king and finish what you started.

In the second year of Duke Zhou's rites and music, that is, the seventh year of Duke Zhou's reign, Duke Zhou completely handed over the throne to Wang Cheng. The dialogue between Duke Zhou and Wang Cheng in Shangshu Zhaogu and Luogu was probably recorded by historians at the ceremony when Duke Zhou abdicated as king. When the country is in danger, stand up, do not avoid hardships, and shoulder the heavy responsibility of the king; When the country turned the corner and embarked on the road of smooth development, it resolutely gave up the throne. This fearless and selfless spirit has always been praised by future generations. But the Duke of Zhou did not let him go because of his abdication. Although he was retained by Wang Cheng, he kept telling Wang Cheng, the most famous of which was Shangshu No Escape.

"No escape", don't covet comfort, yes, it is warned by the Duke of Zhou to become a king. Even though we saw it today, we still feel fresh. "Can't escape" begins by saying that only by knowing the hard work of farming can we understand the hidden feelings of "villains"-farmers. Parents work hard in farming, and their children don't know the hardships of farming, so they will covet comfort and even make mistakes, and even insult their parents and say, "Old people don't know anything." Such unfilial remarks were absolutely not allowed at that time. Gao Kang also mentioned that unfilial and unfriendly people should be punished. As a supreme ruler, you should know the hidden suffering below, or you will do absurd things. The Duke of Zhou cited Wu Ding, the grandson of Taiwu, and Shang Tang, a famous monarch of the Yin Dynasty. They are not solemn and fearful, but diligent and self-disciplined. They are "afraid of being abandoned", that is, they can protect the king for a long time without being widowed and enjoy the country for a long time. After that, Yin Wang was born at ease, unaware of the hardships of farming, and only wanted to have fun, so they did not enjoy the country for a long time. Duke of Zhou then listed the humility and fear of King Tai and King Ji of Zhou, especially mentioning that King Wen wore rags, lived frugally, and took part in agricultural labor, so that he could "take care of the little people" and sometimes didn't even have time to eat from morning till night, so as to unite the whole people. He didn't dare to wander around for fun and didn't ask for anything extra, so he enjoyed the country for a long time. Duke Zhou warned future generations not to indulge in "observation, relaxation, travel and hunting in the fields", and he himself could not tolerate it, saying, let's enjoy ourselves now, and don't indulge in debauchery like Shang and Zhou Dynasties. If you don't listen, it will lead to chaos and people's resentment and curse. Someone told me, "Little people hate you and scold you." If you say you made a mistake, you should look at yourself deeply, don't be angry, don't kill innocent people, don't kill innocent people. Otherwise, the same resentment will be concentrated on you alone, and the consequences will be unimaginable.

Duke Zhou went deep into the bottom, cared about the sufferings of the people, and it was right to warn himself or educate future generations with "inescapable", but "escaping" and "not escaping" were often influenced by class conditions and living environment and had a sense of decision. Without strong external pressure, it is inevitable for members of the royal family to "escape from life", and it is also inevitable to lose their country because of "escape".

Duke Zhou was in power for three years, supporting the elderly in Fengjing, and soon became seriously ill. Before he died, he said, "I must be buried in Chengzhou after my death and send a signal to surrender to the sky to be king." After his death, he was buried in King Wen's cemetery, saying; "This means that I dare not take Duke Zhou as my minister."