The origin of the name?

Surname is a symbol of blood relationship in social structure. In matriarchal clan society, people are divided into several clans according to matriarchal blood, and each clan forms a different clan number by totem or residence. This clan number is "surname", because at that time people only knew their mother, not their father, that is, their surname was "female". "Teacher" came into being later than "surname" because the descendants of the clan with the same matriarchal blood have multiplied and the population has increased. The same matriarchal clan is divided into several branches to live and live in different places, and each branch must have a different title from other branches, which is "teacher". The surname is unchanged, but the surname is changeable; Surnames distinguish between lineages and surnames distinguish between descendants. China people had surnames before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about 5,000 years ago). It was a matriarchal clan society at that time. They only know that they have a mother, but they don't know that they have a father, which means that the earliest surnames are after their mothers. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, people had surnames, which were changed by fiefs, titles and official positions sealed by the monarch, or by titles added after death. At the end of primitive society, when the Yellow Emperor ruled the world, he had a surname. There were also a few "teachers" in Xia and Shang Dynasties. The largest and most frequent generation clan is the Zhou Dynasty. In the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, in order to control the conquered vast areas, the vassals were enfeoffed on a large scale. Zhou Wuwang, Zhou Gongdan and Wang Cheng successively divided the land into brothers, relatives and heroes with different surnames, and established 7 1 vassal states, among which, the King of Wu brothers 16 and 40 nobles with the same surname, and the descendants of these vassal states all took the country name as their surnames. According to statistics, there are 48 Zhou royal families with the same surname and about 60 with different surnames. In addition, the vassal States also enfeoffed the domestic doctors of Qing Dynasty in the same way, that is, the descendants of the doctors were named after the cities they enfeoffed, such as Tian, Bai, Bao, Fei, Fan, Qu, Han and so on. After layers of enfeoffment, the names of feudal countries and cities have mushroomed. Therefore, the Zhou Dynasty was the most important period for the development of China clan. Then, various forms of surnames are constantly emerging, and surnames are breeding more and more, and the number of surnames far exceeds the number of surnames. At this time, the surname and surname became one. Since ancient times, nine times out of ten surnames used by China people can be said to be derived from surnames. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, in 627 AD, an official named Gao Shilian recorded all the people's surnames and wrote a book, Genealogy, which was published in the world. Hundred Family Names, which was popular in the old society of China, was written in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960). Among them, there are 408 single surnames and 30 compound surnames, which lasted for 438 years. Later, it was said that there were 4,000 to 6,000, but only about 1000 was actually used. On April 24th, 2007, the Public Security Administration of the Ministry of Public Security of China made a statistical analysis of the registered population in China, showing that Wang Xing was the largest surname in China, with 9,288,438+100000, accounting for 7.25% of the total population in China. According to reports, the second largest surname in China is Li, with 92.074 million people, accounting for 7.19% of the total population of the country; The third is Zhang, with 87.502 million people, accounting for 6.83% of the national population. There are 10 surnames with a total population of more than 20 million, which are: Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou in turn; There are 12 surnames with a population below 20 million and above100000, followed by Xu, Sun, Ma, Zhu, Hu, Guo, He, Gao, Lin, Luo, Zheng and Liang. First, the surname comes from 1, and the surname is the surname. From the late clan society to the Xia and Shang dynasties, the appellation of branch clans became surnames, which were related to matriarchal clans, so surnames at this time were mostly female characters, such as Ji, Jiang, Yan and Yao; 2. Take the country name as the surname. Both Xia and Shang Dynasties granted land to Hou, and even more so in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Vassal states, large and small, are all over Kyushu, and these names have become descendants of Han, Wei, Zhao, Song, Zheng, Wu, Qin and other vassal states. 3. Take the city name as the surname. When he was in office, Scott was angry and made a fief in Su Sheng, so his descendants were surnamed Su; 4. Take the official position as the surname. For example, in the career lawsuit of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Sima, Shi, Li and Qian later became surnames; 5. Take Jue and posthumous title as surnames. The most prominent titles are Wang and Hou, while posthumous title has Wen, Wu and Mu. 6. Take the words or names of ancestors as surnames. For example, the illegitimate child, his descendants surnamed Lin; 7. Take the place of residence as the surname. For example, doctors in Qi Huangong live in the East, the South, the West and the North respectively, and these four countries become surnames, such as Chi, Liu, Ximen, Dongfang, Nangong and Xilu. 8. Take ranking as the surname. For example, there is history, history, and; 9. Take technology as the surname. In Shang Dynasty, there was a Wu family, who was based on divination, and later generations thought that there was. For example, surnames such as Bu, Tao, Zhen and Tu were all based on art; 10, the surname brought by the integration of ancient ethnic minorities into the Han nationality. Such as Murong, Yuwen, Huyan, etc. 1 1, avoiding surnames because they are given surnames. For example, Emperor Longwu of the Southern Dynasties gave the country the surname "Zhu", and the people in Fujian and Taiwan called it "the country surname". Second, the source of the name China people pay attention to the surname, based on the surname and belonging, but the name is also very important, which is the existence of the self. Calling a number in ancient times is now called a first name, often called a nickname or a birth name. Later, with the growth of adults and the expansion of social contacts, they produced "big names" or "scientific names" for future generations. The surname is male, the first name is a personal address, and the first name is everyone's code. The appearance of "name" is also the inevitable result of people's gradual awakening of individual consciousness. There are several sources of names: 1. Festival method: take the birth season as the flower name, such as spring flower, plum, peach, plum, summer rain, autumn fruit, autumn rain, Qiu Yan, Dong Xiao, winter plum, wintersweet and so on; 2. Place name law: to commemorate the birthplace of children, such as Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Hangzhou; 3. Expectation method: such as Ledi, Gendi, Lingdi, Zhao Di, Yan Di, Lai Bao, Lafa, etc. 4. Animal law: A Niu, rat, small fish, puppy, little dragon, Aaron, Xiaojun (horse), Xiaofeng, Fenger, etc. 6. Sexual reform: Women should be raised by men, such as Ya Nan, Guan Nan, Jia Jun and Jia Xiong; Men should be raised by women, such as Mei Xin, Baoji and Qiuyue. 7. Ranking method: Daniu, Niuer, San Xiao, Mavericks, Dadong, Erdong and Sandong; Big root, bright root (2) and mountain root (3); Zhang Yi (1)(2) Zhang Shansan (3) and so on. In addition, during the Republic of China, I liked to take foreign names, such as Mary, Helen, Peter, John and Tom. During the Cultural Revolution, we advocated red, construction, defense, loyalty and youth. Now, the trend is hazy, foreign-styled and multi-named. Ancient people not only had "names", but also "characters", which evolved from names, so they were called "names". Most of these characters belong to emperors, officials or literati, while ordinary people do not choose words because of their limited contact. Now they only have surnames and first names, collectively referred to as "first names".