Which dynasty's poem is The Book of Songs?

Guo Fengwei Feng Meng is a poem in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Original text:

Embrace trade silk for self-protection. When robbers came to trade silk, they came to me. Sending a child involves gas, as for Dunqiu. When I was a robber, I had no good media. There is no anger in the child, and autumn lasts.

Take the other side of the wall to get back to the customs. I didn't see the resumption of customs, so I cried. Seeing the resumption of GATT, I was full of laughter and laughter. Well, Parr, the body is not responsible. Driving your car to bribe me to move.

Mulberry leaves flourish before they fall. There are no mulberries in the nest! I'm a woman, what's there to worry about! It can be said that scholars are worried. You can't say a woman is worried.

Mulberry fell, yellow, and fell. Self-pity, poor three years old. Qishui soup, curtain skirt. Women are unhappy, and scholars do their best. Scholars are also extremely useless.

Three years old, I am a woman, I am tired; Sleepless all night, there must be a dynasty. As for violence, what you say must be done. My brother didn't know, but he smiled. Calm down and think about it, and you will bow your head and feel sorry for yourself.

Being together always makes me complain. Qi has a shore and discipline has a plate. General's corner banquet, talking and laughing. Swear, forget it. On the contrary, I don't think about it. I'm already embarrassed!

Explanation:

Sentence annotation

Meng: "Shuo Wen" "Meng, the people also." The original meaning is foreign people, and here refers to people who come here from there and are called people. Chi(chρ)Chi: You just smiled with a sneer. Say simple and honest, honest.

Trade: trade. Embroidered silk is barter.

The second sentence "bandits are coming" means that the man didn't really come to buy silk, but came to discuss things with me. The matter under discussion is getting married. Bandit: preach "no" and pronounce "fěi". That is: close, close. Ask: discuss. The ancient yin is dense (mο).

Q: The name of the Weiguo River. Qihe River in Henan Province today.

Dunqiu: Place name. Today's Henan is Qingfeng. Qiu: Ancient books are like "Bullying".

Qiān: negligence, negligence, here refers to procrastination. It's not that I want to postpone the agreed wedding date and refuse to get married, but that you haven't found a good matchmaker yet.

Will (qiāng): Yes, please. Do nothing: say "no" and don't.

Multiply: board. Guǐ yuán: The collapsed wall. Hey, crash. Wall, wall

Return: Return and return. Checkpoint: a checkpoint set up on the main passage. The lady is looking forward to attending the meeting as scheduled. He must go through the closed door when he comes. When you say "Fu", it is a similar name. Re-entry: the place name of Weiguo refers to the place where Meng lived.

Snuff: tears; Ripple: Tears look dirty. At first, she didn't see Peter come back to close the door, thinking that he had an appointment and couldn't come, so she burst into tears.

In (zài): verb prefix, meaningless.

Shiì: Burning a crack in the tortoise shell to judge good or bad luck is called "divination". Divination with grass is called "divination". Body: refers to tortoise omen and divination, that is, the result of divination.

Jiù: Unlucky, disaster. No blame: refers to no evil divination.

Bribery: property refers to dowry and dowry (lián). The above four sentences mean that you can see good fortune and bad fortune from divination. As long as the divination results are good, you can send a car to get married and move a dowry.

Wolo: It's still "Wolan", shining like water. Above two sentences, the flourishing period of mulberry is better than the period when one's love is satisfied and life is beautiful.

The original meaning of "Xu" is to express surprise, otherwise, emotion, etc. Here, "harmony" means emotion. Dove: Turtledove. Legend has it that turtledove will get drunk if she eats too many mulberries.

Dān: infatuation, addiction, excessive pleasure.

Say, "get rid of", get rid of.

Meteor (yǔn): Falling, falling. Here, the falling of yellow leaves is used as a metaphor for women's aging and color decline. Yellow: turn yellow. Yellow and gone: yellow, too, in the article "Go to the top".

Yao (cú): Go; Pierre: Marry your family.

Eat poor: live a poor life.

Soup (shāng) soup: the emergence of huge water potential.

Gradually (jiān): I'm soaked. Curtain (wéi) clothing (cháng): a cloth curtain beside the car. The above two sentences mean to cross the water and return home after being abandoned.

Cool: Wrong.

Two: "The typo of Jing Jing (tè)". "You" means "special" and is synonymous with "cool". This means that love is not exclusive. The above two sentences mean that the woman is not at fault and the man's behavior is wrong.

W: No, no; Extreme: standards, norms.

Two or three virtues: morally half-hearted, words and deeds are different.

It is said that all the work at home is shouldered by one shoulder. Room labor: housework. Nothing: nothing.

"Su Xing" two sentences: that is, talking about going to bed early and going to bed late, so it is countless. Su Su: Good morning. G: Get up.

What you said is done: the word "Yan" is an auxiliary word and has no meaning. Completion: In Gu Feng, it means "birth and education", which means that since the wish has come true.

Er (Xing): The way you smile. The above two sentences mean that my brothers don't know what happened to me, and they all laugh at me when they meet.

Meditate silently: calm down and think about it. Speech: Syllable auxiliary words have no practical meaning.

Bow and mourn: I am sad alone. Bow, yourself; Mourn, grieve.

Jill: I once agreed to grow old with you, but the idea of growing old together made me hate in vain.

ⅵ (xí): the place with low humidity; As "wet", the name of water is Luohe, a tributary of the Yellow River, which flows through the territory of Weiguo. Pan (pàn): connecting the "shore" water margin with the shore. The above two sentences are a link between the preceding and the following, saying that there must be a shore in the water, which means that everything has its edge and its own worries are endless. The implication is that if you grow old with such a man, it will be endless.

Total angle: In ancient times, men and women tied their hair into a bun when they were minors, which was called total angle. This refers to childhood. Banquet: Happy.

(Yan): Happy and harmonious.

Danny: Sincerity.

Reverse: that is, the word "back". Forget it: I never thought I would break my oath.

Instead of thinking about it: violating these. Yes, demonstrative pronoun, meaning oath. Is to repeat the meaning of the last sentence and change the syntax of the next sentence, Ye Yun.

Yes: close, terminate. Yan Zai (pronounced as Z Ρ in ancient times): modal particles are used together to strengthen the tone and express exclamation. The last sentence is equivalent to saying forget it! [2-3] [4]

Vernacular translation

Simple and honest peasant boy, holding cloth for silk. Actually, it's not really a change. Find a chance to talk about marriage. Farewell Lang, farewell Qi Shuixi, to Dunqiu. It's not that I want to miss the ceremony, and you don't have the courtesy of the matchmaker. Don't lose your temper Come and get married when autumn comes.

Climb up that pile of broken walls and look far away. Far away in the clouds, the lover has no tears. My lover came back from the city, talking and laughing happily. If you go to divination and seek immortality, you are happy and have no bad omen. Come in your car with my dowry.

Mulberry leaves are covered with green branches before they fall. Hush, hush, those turtledoves, don't eat mulberries in your mouth. Oh, young girls, don't part with men. If a man falls in love with you, it's too easy to lose it. If a woman loves a man, it's hard to get rid of it.

Mulberry leaves have fallen, yellow and haggard. I have been poor for three years since I married your family. Qishui sent me home, and the water splashed on the car curtain was wet. There is nothing wrong with me being a wife, but your man is too cunning. Be capricious and unruly, change your mind and play tricks.

After being married for three years, I kept a woman's morality and worked hard to do housework. It is never too difficult to get up early and go to bed late. Who knows that after the family business was completed, it gradually became cruel to me. My brothers don't know my situation, and everyone laughs at me. Calm down and think about it, and throw away your tears alone.

At that time, I vowed to grow old together, but now I am worried before I get old. Qi water eventually has a shore, and the swamp is wide and has an end. Looking back, when I was young, I had more joy and more tenderness between laughter and laughter. The vows of eternal love are still in my ears, but I don't expect to be an enemy. Don't think about going back to the league, just stop now that it's over!

Background:

Feng Weimeng is a folk song in the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, productivity was still quite backward. Women are not independent economically in the family, but form a subordinate relationship with men in personality. Once a man changes his mind, he can abandon her without care. At that time, the ideological system of feudal relations of production and hierarchical system was gradually formed. Women's love and marriage are often bound by ethical codes, interfered by parents and censured by customs, which further forms women's spiritual shackles. The poem Feng Wei Meng reflects the heartbreaking story of an infatuated woman.

Appreciate:

Feng Weimeng is an ancient folk ballad, which tells a woman's emotional experience and profound experience frankly. It is a vivid portrayal of love scrolls, and also leaves valuable information about the local conditions and customs at that time for future generations.

This is a short narrative poem mixed with lyricism, which makes a love story true and natural. In this poem, women are affectionate, open-minded and enthusiastic. Even the resentment after marriage is a manifestation of hidden intentions. What a vivid image, understanding, diligence, intelligence, courage, frankness and understanding. Before marriage, she bravely broke through the shackles of etiquette and resolutely lived with Meng, which was commendable at that time. It stands to reason that married life should be harmonious and beautiful. However, contrary to expectations, in order to protect herself, she was used like an ox or a horse, even beaten and abandoned. The reason is that at that time, women had no position in society and family, but were only vassals of their husbands. This political and economic inequality determines the inequality between men and women in marriage, which enables Mongolians to play with and abuse women at will with impunity, and have the right to abandon their wives and dissolve their engagement. The word "beginning chaos and ending abandonment" can summarize the evil behavior of self-protection to women. Therefore, although she bravely broke through the feudal shackles, she ended up with the fate of a woman who resigned under the pressure of her parents' orders and matchmakers' words. "The scholar's worry is to say; You can't say you are a woman! " The poet complained bitterly about the injustice of this society, which deepened the ideological significance of this poem. The tragic experience of the heroine in the poem can be said to be the epitome of Qian Qian's female fate which was absolutely oppressed and hurt in the class society, so it can win the admiration of later readers.

Although the poem is mainly lyrical, the narrative story is not complete and detailed, but it truly reflects the heroine's experience and fate, lyrical narrative is integrated, and sometimes accompanied by lamentation. In these respects, this poem has initially possessed some features of China's narrative poems. These characteristics have more or less influenced the narrative poems of the next two thousand years, which can be seen in Peacock Flying Southeast, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Double Sorrow of Modern Yao Xie.

The structure of the poem Feng Wei's Self-Defense is in line with its story, and it is also in line with the author's passionate and fluctuating emotions when describing this poem. Each chapter has six chapters and ten sentences, but different from other chapters in The Book of Songs, it is written naturally according to the development order of characters' fate. Give priority to with fu, also use BiXing. It is better to strengthen narrative and lyricism than to give it narrative and enhance lyricism.

In the first two chapters, the biography of poetry says, "Ye Fu." Describe the process of a man proposing to the heroine and even getting married. It was at a market where a man confessed to the heroine in the name of buying silk. Giggling and losing your temper, carrot and stick. But this simple woman can't see through his essence, saying that someone must be a matchmaker, and finally set the wedding date in autumn. Since then, the woman has been obsessed with "I hope to go back to the customs on the other side of the wall", but I can't see the man returning to the customs, so I burst into tears; Seeing the re-entry is like seeing someone you love, and you can't help smiling. She also used divination to predict the good or bad of marriage. The man sent a car to marry her, and she married her with all her belongings. These two chapters are vivid and vivid, and the poet's self-image as a pure girl is also vividly portrayed. Fang Yurun commented on this cloud: "If you don't see it, you will be worried. If you see it, you will be happy. If your husband can't tolerate yourself, your woman will never forget it. " (The Book of Songs Primitive Man) The word "chi" points out the depth of this woman's love.

In Zhu's Biography of Poetry, the third chapter and the fourth chapter are mentioned, which means that these two chapters are mainly lyrical, and the poems are all based on mulberry trees, from the poet's youth and beauty to his decline, and at the same time reveal the process of men's love for her to disgust. "Before the mulberry leaves fall, their leaves will flourish", using moist and bright mulberry leaves as a metaphor for a woman's beautiful face. "Mulberry has fallen, but it has fallen yellow", which is a metaphor for women's haggard and abandonment with the withered and yellow leaves of mulberry leaves. "In xi, where pigeons are picked, mulberries without food; If you are a woman, you will have no worries with the literati, and then you will say "Don't eat the mulberries of pigeons to revive the next sentence" (Biography of Poetry). Mulberry is sweet, and it is easy to get drunk if you eat too much; Love is beautiful, but people who are infatuated with love are easily deceived. A man who is addicted to love can still be freed. Once a woman falls in love, she can't get rid of it. What a painful language this is! From green mulberry leaves to yellow mulberry leaves, it not only shows the age of women from prosperity to decline, but also implies the passage of time. It is generally believed that women get married for three years, but there is another explanation: "Three years old, many years. "Pressing' three' is an imaginary number, and there are many words, actually not three years." (Cheng Junying's Book of Songs) In fact, it means that the relationship between husband and wife has gradually fallen apart and finally broken down in recent years. The woman had to get into the car again, cross the ice water and return to her family. She thought it over and over again, without any mistakes, but the man's "two virtues." Here, women look back on their married life in a reflective tone, looking for the reasons for being abandoned, and finally get a lesson: in a man-centered society, there are only spoony women and heartbroken people.

The fifth chapter of the poem describes the situation before and after being abandoned by Fu. The first six sentences inherit the previous chapter "self-pity, poor at three years old" to make up for the suffering of being a woman for many years. She gets up early and goes to bed late and works hard. Once her life became better, her husband became violent and cruel. The word "violence" can be reminiscent of the ferocious face of her husband and the scene of the heroine being abused. The last four sentences wrote that she was ridiculed by her brothers after returning to her parents' home. "Biography of Poetry" explains this cloud: "Gai follows people and is not hated by his brother, so he abandons them and returns without the sympathy of his brother. It is inevitable to be accused, but he is just mourning himself. " It is not enough to say that the heroine is "slutty"; But other words can help the reader understand the mental stress she suffered at that time and the inner contradictions arising from it.

The sixth chapter, Fu and Bi Xing, is narrated in a lyrical way. They talked and laughed when they were in love. Men swear that they will grow old together. But he had a grudge before he was old, and it was irreparable. There are two metaphors here: in the vast soup, there is always a bank with water; The vast and continuous swamp is also a marginal zone. The implication is: Why isn't my pain over? "Biography of Poetry" points out that "this prosperity" is actually more prosperous than China. With these two metaphors, the poet strongly expressed his resentment and told the endless pain of abandoning his wife. In order to get rid of these pains, she made up her mind to sever the emotional connection with the man: "It's no use thinking about it!" From then on, I don't want him to change his mind. Forget it, forget it. But can she really do it? Fang Yurun thought: "Although the words have been spoken, how can you forget them?" (Original Book of Songs) Judging from this woman's loving personality, she can't make a clean break with men emotionally, which is often called tragic personality today.

The poem "Feng Wei's suicide" also has high artistic achievements, mainly in the following aspects:

(A) the creative method of realism

This poem is a representation of the poet's typical emotions in real life. Poets unconsciously used realistic creative methods to express their tragic experiences through singing, which played a reflective and critical role in the social reality at that time. Feng Weimeng is a folk song and an oral creation. At first, it was widely circulated among the people. After repeated singing and constant revision by countless working people, such a complete poem was formed until the time of writing. In the process of spreading, people have permeated their feelings about love and marriage into singing, so the works are full of realism. The heroine in the poem describes her own personal experiences and feelings, all of which are true feelings. And this kind of true feelings is universal and typical in class society. Poets are good at grasping all kinds of complex contradictions in the subject matter. She caught the contradiction between herself and Meng, as the agent of husband's power. They changed from the relationship between husband and wife to the relationship between oppression and oppression, revealing the social reality of the patriarchal system. She grasped the contradiction between herself and her brother, reflected the social morality and public opinion at that time, and was the thought centered on husband's rights and the reality of abandoning her wife and helplessness. She grasped her inner contradiction: can she live together without parents' orders and matchmaker before marriage? I am happy when I see self-protection, but I am sad when I don't see self-protection. How to solve the contradiction between seeing and not seeing? These intricate contradictions constitute the main contradiction of poetry-the contradiction between feudal ethical code system and women's desire for a happy family life. This was an extremely remarkable and universal phenomenon in the society at that time. Secondly, poets are good at portraying characters. There are two distinct images in this poem. One is a cunning and ungrateful "self-protection", and the other is a kind abandoned "woman". Self-protection means that farmers go into exile from other places in order to defend the country. "Embrace Trade Silk" points out that he is still a small businessman. At first, he was false honesty, false warmth and false loyalty. He cheated an innocent and beautiful girl by hypocritical means and got her love, body, labor and furniture. After marriage, he showed his true colors. I used to swear every day, but now I have changed my mind. I used to be very affectionate with her, but now I am very "violent", not only abusing her, but even kicking her out of the house. Some people say: Meng was a sheep before marriage and a wolf after marriage. This metaphor is vivid and accurate. The image of self-protection is the product of the husband's power system and the product of businessmen's mercenary. The poem also depicts the image of a kind working woman. At first, she may be engaged in some sideline business of sericulture and reeling, so she has some savings. She was innocent and inexperienced, so that she agreed to her heart at once. Seeing that Meng was unhappy, she quickly comforted: "I will have no regrets, and autumn will continue for a while." She is affectionate and really loves herself. When she can't see him, she will "cry" and when she sees him, she will "laugh". She is brave and dares to live with Meng without media. She was very loyal and moved herself and her belongings to Meng's house by car. After marriage, she lived in poverty and lived a hard life of self-protection. She works hard and does housework together. She is very down-to-earth. When her family gets better and her husband abuses her, she always loves to protect herself (and her daughter is unhappy). After being abandoned, she was strong and resolute, calm and rational, saw the hypocrisy and ugliness of self-protection, and resolutely refused to fight against self-protection. She changed from a simple, affectionate and brave girl to a hard-working and humiliating wife, and then to a strong and determined divorcee. Her character developed with the change of her relationship with Mongols. Through the sharp contrast between self-protection and female images, it is clear who is true and who is false, who is good and who is evil, who is beautiful and ugly. At that time, the real social face of inequality between men and women was just before our eyes. Therefore, the author of Feng Weimeng unconsciously used realistic creative methods. Zhou Yang said: "Where there is literature, there are creative methods. Myths and legends are the origin of romanticism, and The Book of Songs is the origin of realism. " His summary accords with the actual situation in the history of China literature.

(B) Bixing's artistic technique

The poet is a rural woman, and the natural scenery around the countryside is familiar to her every day. When a poet touches something, he sings. The third chapter "Mulberry leaves have blossomed before it falls" is a metaphor for the happiness of young and beautiful girls at their first marriage. The fourth chapter "Mulberry has fallen, but it has fallen yellow" is also a metaphor for the haggard face of abandoned wife and the pain of being abandoned. The third chapter "I don't eat mulberries" is a metaphor, which means the following two sentences: "I'm not worried about women." The sixth chapter's "qi has a shore, but wet has a plate" is inversely proportional, and the change of heart is boundless and unpredictable. All these have played a positive role in shaping the image, highlighting the theme and strengthening the ideological significance of poetry.

(C) the expression of contrast

This is due to the reflection of realistic contradictions in people's minds. There are two forms: 1. Syntactic contrast, such as "women are unhappy, scholars do their best"; "The scholar's sorrow is fair to say; Women are embarrassed and can't say it. " This is the contrast between scholars and women. The contrast between Mulberry Not Falling and Mulberry Already Falling, and the contrast between Not Seeing Re-entry and Seeing Re-entry are all against each other, which is more effective in shaping images and expressing feelings. 2. Before and after the comparison, such as Meng, before marriage is a "laughing oath"; After marriage, "whatever you say and do, as for violence." Different attitudes set off each other, depicting the essence of hypocrisy.

(D) Metonymy rhetoric

Poetry is thinking in images, not abstract preaching. We should use concrete things to express abstract artistic conception. The language of images can easily stimulate readers' imagination and enhance the charm of poetry. The poet "Meng" represents Meng by "re-entering" the place where Meng lives, and "general angle" represents childhood. Look into the distance and express your love through the wall. The briber moved to the table and lived together by car, and returned to China with the "seven waters of Tang Tang, a curtain coat". Use the "three-year-old" table for many years, and use the "two or three" table repeatedly. It's like Xiaoya Cai Wei's poet replacing spring with "willow tree" and winter with "rain and snow frost". The language received is meaningful and thought-provoking.

(5) the authenticity of rhetoric

Chen Wangdao's "The Origin of Rhetoric" said: "Topping really means using the end of the previous sentence as the beginning of the next sentence, so that the ends of adjacent sentences are connected together, and there is a rhetorical method to convey interest." This rhetoric is common in songs. This may be due to the collective singing method, word of mouth, this singing method and that singing method are interrelated and easy to remember a sentence pattern. Such as "exchange cloth for silk, bandits for silk", "I hope to go back to GATT, but I can't see it", "I don't care about scholars, but I'm worried about them", "I always have a grudge with my husband" and "I don't think about it, I don't think about it" Not all the re-elected words are at the beginning of the sentence, but some of them have the same function in the sentence, all of which are to strengthen the musicality of the poem.

(6) Application of interjections

When poets express strong feelings or profound thoughts, they often express them with sounds or sighs. For example, when she recalls her love life before marriage, her feelings are relatively stable and there is no need to sigh. The third chapter is lyrical and passionate, with two words "Yujie", three words "Xi" and two words "Ye". The fourth chapter has some feelings about "Mulberry Fall" and uses the word "one". The fifth chapter tells the most exciting time when she was abused by her husband and laughed at by her brother. She used six words "Yi" to express her deep feelings and tone. In the last chapter, I expressed my indignation and rejection of self-protection, strengthened the tone, lengthened the tone, and resolutely sang "No" (forget it)! The word "gorgeous" is used together, just like the end of the curtain of a traditional Chinese opera, which makes people feel the lingering sound.

(seven) the expression of the call.

Because the poet's feelings are very strong, although he is not in front of the person he loves or the person he hates, he feels that if he is in front, he will complain or reprimand, which is the characteristic of calling. It is most commonly used in lyric poetry. In the third chapter of this poem, the poet describes her abandonment and her anger, linking her personal fate with that of ordinary women at that time, as if there were a group of young women in front of her. She told them her pain, and in the process of falling in love, she should be wary that men will change their minds in the future, so it is difficult for her to get rid of the scourge: "Women don't have to worry!" " The anxiety of scholars can still be said; You can't say you are a woman! "These phone calls sang a strong indignation at the social phenomenon of gender inequality. The sixth chapter turns to the form of a call, "Changing the boss with my husband makes me complain". At this moment, it seems that self-protection stands in front of him, reprimanding his oath as cheating. Then, with the scenes of harmonious feelings, laughing and swearing when I was young, I set off today's ingratitude. Grief and indignation reached a climax again. At last he shouted, "I don't think about it, but I don't think about it." What a pity! "If you don't call to reprimand the self-protection here, it is not enough to take revenge.

The tone of this poem is sonorous and natural, full of true feelings. The overlapping of adjectives such as "Chichi", "Lianlian", "Tang Tang", "Yan Yan" and "Dandan" is used in the poem, which not only plays the role of imitating sound and painting posture, but also enhances the musicality of the poem. The composition of folk songs in The Book of Songs is mostly repetitive. The author of Feng Weimang's poem stopped singing out of chapter because of his complicated feelings and tortuous narration, which is rare in national folk songs.