Huangdi information

(Yellow Emperor; Huangdi; Mauslleum) and Emperor Yan are also called the ancestors of the Chinese nation. At present, it is recognized by academic circles that the Yellow Emperor was born in Xiong (now Xinzheng, Henan) and buried in Qiao Shan (huangling county, Shaanxi). International leaders have visited the two places many times! Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that ancestor worship goes to Xinzheng and ancestor worship goes to Huangling. Legend has it that in ancient times, the country of the Chinese nation was the head of the five emperors. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor surnamed Gongsun was born in the hill of Xuanyuan, hence the name Xuanyuan (Tiannian). He grew up in Jishui, so he took Ji as his surname. Later, the country was established in Youzhou, so it was also called Xiongshi. He regards soil as king and soil as yellow, so he is called the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor is a legend in ancient history. The most wonderful story about him is the war between the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di and Chiyou. In the end, the Yellow Emperor won the victory and was acclaimed as the leader of the tribal alliance by all tribes. During the period of the Yellow Emperor, sericulture, boating, writing, temperament, medicine and arithmetic were all invented first and then developed. His contribution has been praised by later generations, and he is known as China's "ancestor of humanity".

birthplace

Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, and the Yellow Emperor lives in the hill of Xuanyuan". Historians agree that the specific location is in Xinzheng, Henan Province today. In ancient times, it was the capital of the bear country, and its father was the monarch of the bear country.

Before 4856 BC, there was a dragon totem country in Xuanyuanqiu, Xinzheng, Henan Province. The monarch's name is Shaodian. He is the 77th emperor of Fuxi Emperor and Nuwa Emperor. His wife has two wives, one is Ren Xian (female Deng) and the other is Deng. They are sisters and daughters of the Xi family. In today's palace in Xuanyuanqiu, Beiguan, xinzheng city, the baby breathed the gas of nature as soon as he was born, and let out a cry of "Wow". This statement has been unanimously recognized by historical and archaeological authorities including China Ancient Capital Society.

The birth of the Yellow Emperor is said to be on the second day of the second lunar month, that is, the Zhonghe Festival (also known as the Dragon Head Festival, Dragon Head Festival). It is also the legendary birthday of the Yellow Emperor and a festival for China people. The Zhonghe Festival was formulated by Tang Dezong Shili in the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), also called "Dragon Head Up" on February 2; Another way of saying it is that the third day of the third lunar month, or Shangsi Festival, is a festival for Han people to drink by the water and have a spring outing in the suburbs.

Cultural contribution

According to China's historical records, he unified the tribes in China after Emperor Yan. Its capital has three views: Qufu, Xinzheng and Zhuolu. He calculated the calendar; Teach people to sow food; Xing characters; Do a dry branch, make a musical instrument, and make medicine. Auspicious time: The emperor made a big noise as Jiazi, and took the 10-day trunk and 12-day branch in the lunar calendar (Jiazi, Ebou, Guihai, * * * ten years as a cycle) as auspicious time, that is, the 60th anniversary of Taoism.

Mathematics: A system for making numbers and setting weights and measures.

Jun: After the wind, you can catch strange pictures and make array methods.

Music: Linglun takes the bamboo in the valley as the flute tube and sets five tones and twelve methods, which are suitable for today.

Clothes: Lei Zu, Princess of the Yuan Dynasty, began to raise silkworms and make silk clothes.

Medicine: Discuss pathology with Qi Bo and write Neijing.

Writing: Cang Xie started writing with six books.

Casting: Making money with copper from Shoushan (Nanwuli, Xiangcheng County, Henan Province).

Others: the invention of ships, bows and arrows, houses, etc.

Huangdi's achievements

spiritual civilization

Inventive calendar, astronomy, yin and yang, five elements, Chinese zodiac, Jiazi calendar, figures, pictures, books, musical instruments, medicines, sacrifices, weddings and funerals, coffins, graves, sacrificial cauldrons, altars, temples, divination, etc.

Political progress

Establish an ancient country system: dividing the border into Xinjiang, taking eight families as a well, three wells as a neighbor, three neighbors as a friend, three friends as a mile, five miles as a city, ten cities as the capital, ten divisions as a division, and ten divisions as States, and the whole country is divided into Kyushu; There are litigation posts, left and right supervisors, and 20 official posts, which are aimed at managing countries, including three public, three minor, four auxiliary, four histories, six phases and nine virtues (official names) *** 120. Put forward "six prohibitions" for officials at all levels, and "heavy" means excessive, that is, "heavy sound, heavy color, heavy clothes, heavy fragrance, heavy taste and heavy room", requiring officials to be simple and opposed to extravagance and waste. It is proposed to govern the country by virtue, "Xiu De inspires soldiers", apply virtue to the world, work together with Xiu De, be benevolent, cultivate virtue and establish righteousness, and set up a special "minister of nine virtues" to educate the people with filial piety, kindness, writing, faith, speech, courtesy, loyalty, courage and righteousness, and carry out ideological and moral construction. In the use of talents, it is necessary to inspect, select and appoint talents, and only use talents. We should rule the country according to law, establish "courtesy law" and "rule the law unchanged", and make Li Mo a judge and Houdi a prison officer. Those who commit the most serious crimes will be sentenced to loss and those who commit the most serious crimes will be sentenced to beheading.

material civilization

According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor made many inventions in agricultural production, among which the farmland system was the main one. Before the Yellow Emperor, there were endless fields and countless fertile fields. In order to prevent disputes, the Yellow Emperor re-divided the whole country into "wells", with one in the middle as "public mu" and eight around as "private fields", which were cultivated by eight families, paid to the government and dug wells through soil. Farmland practices farming system, sowing 100 seeds in time, inventing Chu Jiu, opening up garden nurseries, planting fruits and vegetables, planting mulberry and sericulture, raising livestock and poultry, and grazing. In sewing, we invented the loom, made textiles, made clothes, shoes, hats, curtains, blankets, robes, furs, canopies, armor, flags and rafters. Pottery, making bowls, plates, pots, retort, plates, pots, stoves, etc. In smelting, copper is smelted to make bronze dings, knives, coins, cymbals, americium, bronze mirrors, clocks and americium. In terms of architecture, there are palaces, halls, courtyards, halls, pavilions, castles, buildings, doors, platforms, silkworm houses, temples, jade houses and palaces. In terms of transportation, we manufacture boats, cars, guided cars and drum cars. In military equipment, knives, guns, bows, arrows, crossbows, six flags, flags, pentagonal flags, horns, flags, ladders, towers, guns, swords, archers and so on are manufactured. Cooked food, porridge, rice, wine, meat, scales, barrels, rulers, inkstones, several cases, carpets, seals, beads, lamps, beds, mats, treads, etc. in daily life.

The Battle between Chiyou and Huangdi

There are three versions of the battle between Chiyou and Huangdi: First, after Huangdi defeated Yandi, he defeated Chiyou again to consolidate the throne, and the battle between Huangdi and Chiyou seems to be the aftermath of the battle of Huang Yan; On the other hand, Chiyou expelled Chi Di (Emperor Yan), Chi Di appealed to the Yellow Emperor, and the two emperors joined hands to kill Chiyou in Zhongji; Third, Chiyou attacked the Yellow Emperor as a soldier and was defeated and killed.

The first statement, such as A Record of Five Emperors in Han Dynasty, says: "Xuanyuan is Xiu De's army, which governs the five spirits and five arts, caresses the people, and teaches bears to be brave tigers in order to fight against Emperor Yan in the wilderness of Sakamoto. Fight three battles and win. Chiyou's insurrection does not require the life of the emperor. As a warlord, the Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu, so he attached himself to killing Chiyou. Tai Shigong said that the name of the Yellow Emperor was Xuanyuan, and the national name was Xiong Xuanyuan, which means car. It should refer to the name of the clan and its leader who invented the technology of making cars. For example, the technology of making farm tools is called Shennong, the technology of making fishing gear is called operator, and the technology of striking fire is called Suiren. There is the bear country. The "country" at that time was actually a tribe. Bear, Yi, Yi, raccoon, 【】 and tiger are the names of six animals, which should be the names of six clans in the bear tribe, or totems. Hanquan, water name, is in Yanqing County, Beijing today. Zhuolu, a mountain name, is located in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province, not far from Hanquan.

The second statement can be found in the Zhou Dynasty's Yi Zhou Shu Taste Wheat Solution, which is also the earliest record about the Yellow Emperor in history: "Chiyou pursues the emperor and strives for the position of Zhuolu, with nine distinct angles, and Chi Di is terrified. It is said that in the Yellow Emperor, Chiyou was killed by Zhongji. " It's called Guangping Land. The battle took place in the open area under Zhuolu Mountain, and the corner refers to the corner. "Nine" means a lot, not limited to eight plus one. "Jiujiao Qing" means that Chiyou expelled the Chi Di (jiyan) tribe without leaving a legacy. Emperor Ji refers to Jizhou in the Central Plains. Erya Dish: "Jizhou is called between two rivers". Guo Pu's Note: From Donghe to Xihe. At that time, the place where the Yellow River entered the sea was called Donghe, and the place south of Hetao was called Xihe. Note of Li Zhou Zhi Fang: "Zhengbeiyue Bingzhou" belongs to Taiyuan, Shanxi, Baoding and Zhengding, Hebei. "The Northeast is called Youzhou", which belongs to Beijing today. Ancient Jizhou is located in the south of seclusion and merger, south of Shanxi and southwest of Hebei. Legend has it that Chiyou was killed in Xiezhou, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province today.

The third argument, such as The Classic of Mountains and Seas, Huang Da North Classic from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, wrote: "Chiyou attacked the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor ordered Ying Long to attack the wild land of Jizhou. Livestock in Ying Long drink water. Chiyou asked Fengbo Rain God to make a big storm. Emperor Huangdi said that when the rain stopped, he killed Chiyou. Fengbo Rain Master is a wizard who is good at farming and meteorology of Chiyou tribe. Later, he became an agricultural meteorological god, and he set up a temple. He/kloc-gave a speech at the age of 0/8. " Han Feizi's Ten Years of Han Feizi said: "In the past, the Yellow Emperor put ghosts and gods on Mount Tai ... Chiyou was in front, Fengbo swept in, and the rain teacher sprinkled the road", which reflected the close relationship between the rain teacher in Fengbo and the Chiyou tribe, because the harvest department of agricultural tribes could not be separated from good weather.

It is impossible and unnecessary to examine right and wrong. For this prehistoric legend, which was circulated in Shanghai for thousands of years before it was recorded in books, historians pay attention to the historical shadow revealed in it; Ethnologists are concerned about the ethnic types, cultural characteristics and the formation and evolution of ethnic groups reflected in legends.

Myths and legends

The Yellow Emperor and Yandi are considered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so China people sometimes call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".

Legend has it that the first princess of the Yellow Emperor was Lei Zu, and the second princess belonged to Lei Fang, Tong Yu and Mo Mu.

According to Historical Records, "Twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen people have their surnames." The monarchs of Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

Legend about the Yellow Emperor: It is said that he was born for dozens of days and can speak. He was alert as a teenager, honest and capable as a youth, and smart and decisive as an adult. There is a bear in Jianguo (Xinzheng, Henan), also called Xiong Ke. When Chiyou was cruel and heartless, he annexed the princes. At that time, Emperor Yan, who invented farming and medicine in the world, had declined. The chiefs attacked each other, and the war continued, causing endless pain. Emperor Yan had no choice but to ask the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor resolutely assumed the responsibility of stabilizing the world. The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu, and the soldiers of both sides were brave and good at fighting. With the help of generals Hou Feng and Li Mu, the Yellow Emperor finally caught Chiyou and punished him, and his ministers addressed him as the son of heaven, replacing Yan Di as the master of the world. Because of its virtue, it is called the Yellow Emperor.

Soon, there was another riot in the world. Knowing that Chiyou's prestige was still there, the Yellow Emperor drew a statue of Chiyou and hung it everywhere. People all over the world think that Chiyou is not dead, but was surrendered by the Yellow Emperor, and more tribes came to join them. Later, Chiyou was honored as the God of War.

Although Emperor Yan was defeated by Chiyou, his strength still exists. He was dissatisfied with the fact that the Yellow Emperor became the master of the world, tried to regain his lost position, and finally rose up and rebelled. Yandi and Huangdi clashed, and the decisive battle was held in the wild of Hanquan. After three fierce battles, the Yellow Emperor won. From then on, the Yellow Emperor finally established his position as the master of the world, and ordered the world that all disobedient tribes would be punished as sons of heaven.

The Yellow Emperor was in power for a long time, with strong national strength, political stability and cultural progress. There are many inventions and productions, such as words, music, calendars, palaces, boats, clothes and compasses. According to legend, Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang Dou are his descendants, so the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the same ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Other legends

Huangdi, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan (Zhou), was born in matriarchal clan society. Mother's name is attached treasure, uploaded according to history books; On the second day of the second lunar month, Huangdi was born in Qushui River (now Qushui River in huangling county), Juyuan Guanlongxia, and on the second day, he was born in Shouqiu, Qufu (now four kilometers east of Qufu). Since then, there has been an auspicious saying that the dragon looks up in February. Sima Qian described the Yellow Emperor in Historical Records as follows: "Born as a god, weak but able to speak, young but unbiased, long and sensitive, and wise." It can be seen that the Yellow Emperor was not an ordinary person from birth to growth. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, he was acclaimed by the people as the leader of Tam in Xuanyuan, and became the Emperor of Heaven at the age of 37. The great contribution of the Yellow Emperor's life lies in that after 53 wars, he defeated Wan Yu, surrendered to Yan Di, punished Wan Yu and surrendered to Yan Di, thus killing him, ending the war, unifying the three tribes, bidding farewell to barbarism, and establishing the best in the world. Human civilization began from now on. Therefore, all the people in the world later called Xuanyuan Huangdi "the ancestor of mankind" and "the ancestor of civilization". Last name is gongsun. For the ancient emperors. It's the bear's son's outpost.

According to legend, Xuanyuan Huangdi's mother's name is Fu Bao. Legend has it that one night, Fu Bao saw an electric light around the Big Dipper. Immediately, the pivot star fell, and Fu Bao became pregnant through this induction. After 24 months of pregnancy, she gave birth to a child, the child is the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor became a perverted god as soon as he was born. Not long after birth, I can speak. At the age of 15, I have done everything. Later, he succeeded to the throne with the bear. Because he invented the mysterious face, he called it Xuanyuan. It is also called the Yellow Emperor because it takes Tude as the king and the soil color is yellow.

According to legend, when the Yellow Emperor ascended the throne, there were 18 Chiyou brothers who claimed to be descendants of God. This 18 people are all animals' faces, with bronze heads and iron forehead, no grains, and only eat river stones. They disobeyed the orders of the Yellow Emperor, mutilated Li Shu and killed innocent people. He also made a big crossbow with a stick and a knife, which was an enemy of the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor obeyed the people's will, and gathered all the princes and soldiers to crusade against Chiyou. 15 Ten days later, I failed to defeat Chiyou and had to retreat. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor was worried, and he hoped that Tessa would help him destroy Chiyou day and night. One night, he dreamed that the wind blew away the dust in the world. Then I dreamed that a man was driving tens of thousands of sheep with a crossbow. After waking up, I felt very strange. Focus on meditation, wind and eyes; Soil is soil solution. Is there anyone named after Fengming in the world? The crossbow of the Millennium is the hope of driving thousands of sheep, and the shepherd is good. Can't there be a person named Li Ming Shepard? So he sent his people to visit these two people all over the world. As a result, after finding the wind in the corner of the sea, I found Limu in Zebian. The Yellow Emperor began to attack Chiyou on a large scale, taking the wind behind him as the phase and grazing as the general. In Zhuolu country, the two armies were at war. Chiyou laid a hundred miles of fog for three days and three nights, which made the soldiers confused. Huangdi ordered the wind to build a south guide car. At the same time, the Queen Mother of the West also sent Xuan Nv to teach him the tactics of Mia and tone-deaf. After the wind, the method of hiding armor evolved. In the evening, the war in Jizhou rekindled. Under the guidance of Chiyou, Chiyou invited Feng Bo, the rain god, and ordered Ying Long to store water to attack the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor invited all the women in the world to the east to shelter from the rain, while Li Qiangbing in the north corner drove Ying Long to the South Pole. In the end, Chiyou was killed and buried in four places, so that the body could not be collected.

Later, after Shennong, Yugang and Huangdi competed for the world. The Yellow Emperor took the bird of the week and the trembling of the eagle as the flag, the bear, the black tiger and the leopard as the forerunner, and fought against Yugang in the wild of Banquan. After World War III, he defeated Yu Gang. Later, he personally led the military forces and conquered the princes who refused to take the big clothes. After World War 52, the world was unified. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor divided the country into wild areas and made rituals to entertain and educate the people. At the same time, various household appliances were invented. Among them, Minister Cao Hu made a coat, a coat and a pair of shoes. People no longer wear skins and bark. The Yellow Emperor also made a boat according to the principle that floating leaves float on the water, and drums accompanied the boat to walk on the water. According to the principle of turning over the canopy, the automobile assistance was invented, which facilitated the traffic. Yong Huang's father invented spring, and then the Yellow Emperor made a cauldron so that people could steam rice and cook porridge. Later, houses and cities were built so that people stopped building nests in caves. The Yellow Emperor also used Qi Bo as internal and external meridians, which cured the people's diseases. He also determined the names of everything in the world and divided the stars into 28 nights. Party A and Party B mark the day for ten days, the ugly son marks the moon for twelve days, and a son is sixty years. So there is the concept of time and space. According to the history books, people at that time "had the desire to eat, the beauty of clothes, the pleasure of vulgarity, and the right place to live." A scene of peace.

One day, the Yellow Emperor was on the Luoshui River, enjoying the scenery with his ministers. Suddenly I saw a big bird holding a picture of Bian and putting it in front of him. The yellow emperor quickly bowed down. Look at this bird. It is shaped like a crane, the head of a chicken, the mouth of a swallow, the neck of a turtle, a dragon, parallel wings and the tail of a fish. The characters in the picture are virtuous, benevolent and benevolent. The Yellow Emperor had never seen this bird before, so he went to ask God for help. God told him that the male bird of this bird is called Phoenix, and the female bird is called Phoenix. It is called Chen Deng in the morning, Shangxiang in the daytime, Guichang in the evening and Changbao in the evening. When the phoenix comes out, it means that the world is at peace. This is a sign of good luck. Later, the Yellow Emperor dreamed that two dragons came out of the Yellow River and presented them with a white picture. Huang Di was puzzled and asked Tian Lao again. The old man replied that this was a precursor to the publication of the Book of Hutuluo. So the Yellow Emperor swam between Heluo and Tianlao, drowned in the river, killed three animals and fasted. It was foggy for three days at first. Then it rained heavily for seven days and nights. Then Huanglong came out of the river with a painting, and the Yellow Emperor knelt down and took it. I saw five colors on the picture, white with blue leaves and Zhu Wen, which is the book of Hutuluo. So the Yellow Emperor began to travel around the world and worship Mount Tai. He heard that there was a fairy named Guang in the cave, so he went to ask him for advice. Guang yue said, "since you rule the world, the clouds don't gather gas, but rain, and the plants are withered." The sun and the moon are competing for glory, and the shortage is getting worse. " Who are you to talk to me about enlightenment? "After the Yellow Emperor came back, he stopped asking about politics. Self-built a small house with a summer mat, and a person reflected in it for three months. Then ask around. At that time, Guangtou was lying facing south, and the Yellow Emperor knelt in front of him and asked him how to live forever. However, it is widely said that it is very good here! " Then tell him the essence of the supreme Tao: "the essence of the supreme Tao, whispering, the supreme Tao, faint and silent." "Never mind, listen, keep silent. The shape will be self-correcting, quiet and clear; No makeup, no makeup, you can live forever. " I can't see anything, I can't hear anything and I don't know anything in my heart. Only in this way can I have eternal life. "Since then, widely sent him a roll of the natural classics.

After the Yellow Emperor asked about Guang, he went to the mountain again, so he had to bring the "Dan Jing". Ask Xuan Nv and Motome for ways to keep in good health. Then, he returned to Jinyuntang to practice. He collected the bronze of the first mountain and cast Jiuding at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. As soon as the tripod was cast, a long bearded dragon floated down to welcome the Yellow Emperor into the fairyland. The Yellow Emperor immediately rode on the dragon and soared away. Several junior ministers also wanted to live forever with him, so they quickly caught the dragon beard. As a result, the dragon beard was broken and these little ministers fell to the ground again. It is said that those dragon whiskers changed the asparagus. "

Historical significance

The Yellow Emperor was in power for a long time, with strong national strength, political stability and cultural progress. There are many inventions and productions, such as words, music, calendars, palaces, boats, clothes and compasses. According to legend, Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang Dou are his descendants, so the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the same ancestor of the Chinese nation.

The Yellow Emperor and Yandi are considered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so China people sometimes call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".