About * * *

Problem description:

I want to write an article about * * * and provide me with some information. Thank you.

Analysis:

* * * Autonomous Region is one of the five autonomous regions, and it is a national autonomous area with Tibetans as the main body. Geographical location and area * * * Autonomous Region is located in the southwest frontier of China and the southwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It borders Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province in the north, Sichuan Province in the east and Yunnan Province in the southeast? South and west? China borders Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and other countries, forming borders with these countries? All or part of it, with a total length of nearly 4000 kilometers. The land area of the whole region is 1.22 million square kilometers, accounting for about 12.8% of the national total area. Topography and Mountains * * Autonomous Region, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is known as the "roof of the world". The terrain here is complex, which can be roughly divided into three different natural regions: the northern Tibet Plateau, located between Kunlun Mountain and Tanggula Mountain, Gangdise Mountain and Nyainqentanglha Mountain, occupying the whole autonomous region? Two thirds of the products; Where does the Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries flow between the Gangdise Mountain and the Himalayas? Party, is the southern Tibet valley; East Tibet is a mountainous and canyon area, with a series of trends from east to west to north and south. High mountains and deep valleys are part of the famous Hengduan Mountains. Geomorphology can be basically divided into six types: extremely high mountain, high mountain, Zhongshan, low mountain, hilly and plain, as well as periglacial landform, karst landform, aeolian landform and volcanic landform. The Himalayas, which meanders on the south side of the * * * Plateau, is composed of many parallel mountains that are approximately east-west. Its main part is on the border of China, India and Nepal, with a total length of 2,400 kilometers, a width of 200-300 kilometers and an average elevation of over 6,000 meters. Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, with an altitude of 8848.13m, which is located on the border between China and Nepal in the middle of the Himalayas. Within more than 5,000 square kilometers, there are 4 peaks over 8,000 meters and 38 peaks over 7,000 meters. Nechung Monastery and Temple, whose full name is Nai Qiong Zha Yang Lin, is referred to as Nai Qiong Gongba, that is, Nechung Monastery and Temple, which is called Nai Qiong Jiao by the people. In the urban area of * *, it is located at the southern foot of Bacon Wuzi Mountain, about 65,438+00 kilometers west of * *, and about 65,438+0 kilometers away from drepung monastery. Rivers and lakes are located in the autonomous region of * * *, and there are more than 20 rivers with a basin area of 1 10,000 square kilometers? There are more than 100 rivers with a basin area of over 2000 square kilometers. The famous rivers are Jinsha River, Nujiang River, Lancang River and Yarlung Zangbo River. * * * is also the China province with the largest distribution of international rivers, and the sources of famous Asian rivers such as Ganges, Indus, Yarlung Zangbo, Mekong, salween and Irrawaddy are all here. * * * River water sources are mainly composed of rainwater, snowmelt water and groundwater, with abundant flow, low sediment concentration and good water quality. The Yarlung Zangbo River is the largest river in * * *, which originates from Gemayang in Zhongba County at the northern foot of the Himalayas. Living in a glacier, it flows into India through the Luo Yu region and is called Brahmaputra River. The Yarlung Zangbo River (in China) has a total length of 2,057 kilometers, a drainage area of more than 240,000 square kilometers and an average elevation of about 4,500 meters, making it the highest river in the world. The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon is 5382 meters deep, which is the deepest canyon on earth. The valley bottom of the Grand Canyon is only 74 meters at its narrowest point and about 200 meters at its widest point, with a total length of 370 kilometers. There are more than 65,438+0,500 lakes scattered on the vast plateau of * * *, among which Namco, Selin Co and Zhaxi Co cover an area of over 65,438+0,000 square kilometers. There are 47 lakes with an area exceeding 100 square kilometer. What is the Lake District? 24 183 square kilometers, accounting for about one third of the total area of lakes in China. * * * Plateau is not only the largest lake-intensive area in China; It is also the plateau lake area with the highest lake surface, the largest range and the largest number in the world. There are many lakes and saltwater lakes here, but few freshwater lakes. There are 7 lakes/kloc-0 above 5000 meters above sea level, all with an area of over 50 square kilometers. Climate * * * The complex and diverse topography of the plateau forms a unique plateau climate. In addition to the general trend of cold and dry northwest and warm and humid southeast, there are various regional climates and obvious vertical climatic zones. Proverbs such as "ten miles are different from the sky" and "one day has four seasons" embody these characteristics. Compared with most parts of China, * * * has thin air, abundant sunshine, low temperature and less precipitation. * * * The plateau air here contains only about150-170g of oxygen per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 62% to 65.4% of that in plain areas. * * * is the place with the largest solar radiation energy in China, which is twice or one third more than that in the plain area at the same latitude? Sunshine hours are also the high-value center in China, and the average sunshine hours in * * * reach 302 1 hour. The temperature is low, and the annual temperature difference is small, but the temperature difference between day and night is large. * * * The annual average temperature and the hottest monthly temperature in Shigatse are lower than those in Chongqing, Wuhan and Shanghai at the same latitude10-15 degrees Celsius. * * *, Changdu, Shigatse and other places annual temperature difference 18-20 degrees Celsius? In places above 5000 meters above sea level in Ali, in August, the daytime temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius. * * * The seasonal distribution of precipitation in all parts of the autonomous region is uneven, and the boundary between dry season and rainy season is very obvious, and? It rained many nights. The annual precipitation gradually decreases from 5000 mm in the southeast lowlands to 50 mm in the northwest. ? From October of 65438/kloc-0 to April of the following year, the precipitation only accounts for 0% to 20% of the annual 10; From May to September? Rainfall is very concentrated, generally accounting for about 90% of the annual precipitation. Administrative divisions * * * The autonomous region has one city and six districts; * * * Are there municipal districts and county-level cities? 7 1 county, 1 county-level port, 1 special administrative region (see table below). * * * city is the capital of * * * autonomous region, and it is also the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the whole region. It is a famous cultural city with a history of 1300 years. Located on the north bank of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, a tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, with an altitude of 3658 meters. It covers an area of nearly 30,000 square kilometers and has a population of 400,000. Among them, the urban area is 544 square kilometers, and the urban population is 654.38+0.4 million. Among Tibetans, Han and Hui, the Tibetan population accounts for 87%. * * * The agriculture and animal husbandry in the suburbs is relatively developed, and a number of vegetable and meat bases have been built. The bones of the autonomous region? Dry industrial enterprises are also concentrated in * * *, and the number of commercial outlets in the city exceeds 1 10,000. After the peaceful liberation in 195 1, especially since the reform and opening up in 1979, great changes have taken place in * * *. A large number of buildings with national characteristics and modern styles have appeared in urban areas, such as * * * Hotel, West * * * People's Hall, * * University, * * Gymnasium, People's Hospital of Autonomous Region, * * Cinema, Mass Art Museum and * * Children's Activity Center. * * * * Infrastructure construction such as transportation, communication and energy has developed rapidly. Now, the program-controlled telephone has been opened and the satellite communication earth station has been established? A road network radiating from * * * to the whole * * has been formed, and urban roads are paved with asphalt pavements and water supply and drainage pipelines. Yangbajain geothermal field, which is listed in the national key development test, covers an area of 20-30 square kilometers, and the total amount of natural thermal energy released from the surface is1070,000 kcal/s, and the estimated thermal energy development potential is1500,000 kw. It is the largest geothermal power station that has been put into development and utilization in China. * * * There are more than 200 historical sites, more than 20 developed tourist attractions and more than 30 scenic spots to be developed. Famous buildings such as Jokhang Temple, Jokhang Temple, Potala Palace, Gandan Temple, drepung monastery, Sera Temple and Norbulingka? , is the main tourist area. Namu Lake, Dezhong Hot Spring, Linzhou and Mozhugongka Nature Reserve are the main natural scenic spots. Barkhor Street, located in the center of the old city, is a good place for tourists. More complete? Preserved the traditional characteristics of the ancient city. It's very busy here, with many shops and pilgrims? Fill the streets? A variety of ethnic handicrafts and ethnic costumes have been introduced, which are colorful. * * * The administrative divisions of the autonomous region are cities, municipal districts and counties (municipal districts and county-level cities, ports and special administrative regions), Chengguan District, Dangxiong, Duilongdeguan, Qushui, Mozhugongka and Dada. * * * Shigatse City, Hippo Chef, Nimu, Linzhou County, Nanmulin, Dingri, Gyangze, Blanc, Sakya, Laxizha, Angren, Yadong, Nyalam, Renbu, Kangma, Ding Jie, Geelong, Sakya, Gamba, Xietongmen, Zhongba County, Zhangmu Port Naidong and Gongga. Naqu, Shenzha, Amdo, Rugao, Bango, Baqing, Jiali, Nie Naqu, Ni Rong, Nima and Suoxian in Bianba County, Pulan, Gaer, Geji, Gaize, Cuoqin, Zhada, Linzhi, Gongbujiangda, Milin, Bomi, Chayu, Medog and Lin Lang in Shuanghu Special Administrative Region.

—————————————————————————————————————————

The evil custom of poisoning

* * * In the southern and southeastern Himalayan forest areas, there is a custom of poisoning. In fact, poisoning is not unique to * * *, and it has happened in many places or nationalities in the world. For example, some indigenous people in Africa have such laws. To judge whether a person has poisoned others is to let him take poison. If he is innocent, he will be released, otherwise he will be poisoned and sentenced to death.

Linzhi area (formerly the Ministry of Industry) in * * * is said to have been poisoned in the past, and people there are still talking about poisoning. In the past, the law here severely punished poisoners. For some poisoners, they even nailed a finger with a bamboo stick, then tied it to a wood and threw it into the river, letting it drift. It can be seen that people hate poisoning.

After investigation, poisoners can be divided into the following types:

First of all, accept the blessing. The purpose of poisoning such people is to transfer the blessings and luck of others to themselves. They often poison those who have power, status, money or beauty. This is obviously the result of animism. People think that not only people have souls, but all things in the universe, such as mountains, rivers, forests, flowers, birds and animals, have souls, and the spirits of all things are interrelated and can be transformed into each other.

It can be speculated that taking happiness and poisoning has a long history, and such people are both patient and resilient. Once they have their eyes on a person, they will not hesitate to wait for how long, no matter how much risk they take, to achieve their goal. According to local elders, an old woman was executed in Xueka village, Gongbujiangda county because she poisoned the local Zongben (local chief executive). Although this Zongben was cautious, he drank the old lady's poison and died at the farewell party after his three-year term. She waited for three years to succeed, but what she finally got was not happiness, but death.

Second, superstition. When something is associated with faith, it often becomes incredible, and so does poisoning. In the Ministry of Industry, some poisoners claim to be Ma Ning Christians, and they believe in a poisonous god. In fact, there is no such god in Ma Ning. This shows that the poisoner also hopes to find a religious carrier. Before Buddhism was introduced into * * *, poisoning was based on this religion, but there was no such custom in Heihe, the birthplace of this religion. But when the poisoner found that religion was the carrier, it also brought some religious colors. This kind of "believer" has his own scriptures, and every day he has to calculate divination and predict good or bad luck. If today's people are lucky, even the enemy can survive. If people are fierce today, even relatives and friends will be in born to die.

In CuO Gao Township, such a strange thing happened. A poisoner blindly listened to divination books and poisoned his daughter who had just returned from studying abroad for a holiday. How ignorant, numb and fanatical. Sometimes in order not to break the promise to the poisonous god, they will poison their own livestock. This kind of poisoner usually has a sign on the door or prayer flags, but outsiders can't understand it. It smells like Jiang Taigong fishing and those who are willing to take the bait.

Third, kill people for money. A long time ago, Linzhi was a place to send prisoners, and the environment was very difficult. However, it is also the main road of commerce and pilgrimage, so some people engage in money murder in order to survive. This kind of poisoner usually has an antidote. Their main purpose is to make money, and they don't have to kill people. After peaceful liberation, this phenomenon has disappeared with the improvement of people's living standards.

Poison is very important to poisoners, who regard poison as sacred and highly respect it. The formula of poison is very complicated, and most of them are alpine plants. Linzhi area is low in altitude, warm and humid in temperature and rich in poisonous plants. As for the composition of poison, outsiders don't know it, but it is basically a chronic poison, so if someone is poisoned, it is difficult to find it in a short time. When the poison breaks out, the poisoner will hold a grand ceremony, usually at night. They often have long hair, covered with blankets, covered with black plant juice, dancing by the fire, muttering to themselves, and thanking the poison god for his kindness while praying. Sometimes you have to keep honking.

It is difficult to trace this custom to its source, whether it is for pleasing people, eliminating disasters or avoiding disasters, or out of religious belief. In my opinion, on the one hand, poisoning may be related to primitive religion, on the other hand, it may be related to the war between tribes, especially those who survived the war are unwilling to be enslaved by invaders, so strong tribal concepts and revenge psychology drive them to fight back against the enemy. In the absence of a strong counterattack force, poisoning became their means of revenge. With the consolidation of the conqueror's rule, poisoning also persists. In order to prevent future generations from giving up revenge on the enemy, poisoning was finally religiousized.

Medog county in Linzhi area is surrounded by snow-capped mountains, and the traffic is extremely inconvenient. Both religious beliefs and living customs are quite independent and closed. It is said that there used to be poisoners here, and all of them were women. The poisoning technique was passed down from mother to daughter. If there is no daughter at home, the poisoning will stop here. The appearance of this custom is probably a kind of resistance made by women to safeguard their rights when the patriarchal clan society replaces the matriarchal clan society.

One thing to note is that although poisoning makes people feel horrible, there are actually very few operators despised by local people. With the progress of society and the improvement of people's educational level, this custom has been basically eliminated.