Reading Appreciation of Li Bai's Climbing to the Sea

Six white bones have been frosted, three mountains and flowing water?

Fusang is half destroyed, and the sun is glorious.

The waves in the sea, even the sun, are shrouded in glory, and the fairy trees on the fairy mountain I am afraid of will be destroyed and die.

From this point of view, immortal gods do not exist, only Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wudi and so on are immortal.

If you don't see me, Mount Li and Maoling are all gone.

Shepherd's son to climb!

Thieves rob Baoyu, how can elves?

In contrast, now in power, regardless of people's safety, waging wars and killing countless people, even if an out-of-touch industry is established, how can it become immortal?

Li Bai only knew others since he was a child, and he was ambitious. "When you are five years old, you will learn from your family. When you are ten years old, you will see a hundred." ("History of Shang 'an Peichang") "Fifteen wonderful books, written by Ling Xiangru. "(Gift Zhang) On 26th, 2006, he came to China with a sword, left his relatives behind and began to wander as an official. I am bent on "courageously improving my intelligence, and I am willing to assist him to make the Huanqu area stable and Hai Xian County clear" ("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's book"). However, it was not until he was 42 years old that Wu Jun recommended him to go to Chang 'an. The poem "Nanling children don't go to Beijing" says: "I will look down on foolish women, buy ministers, leave home for Qin, laugh in the sky and go out." Are we Artemisia people? " There is also a poem "Don't Go to the Mainland for Expedition": "When I went out, my wife forced me to take clothes and asked me when I would return to the Western Regions. When I return to China, I will wear a golden seal, so that I can't see Su Qin getting off the plane. " Its ecstasy is beyond words. At first, Xuanzong "stepped down to welcome him, like seeing a garden" and ordered him to worship the Hanlin, which was indeed a blessing. Li Bai also believes that long-term returns can be achieved and talents can be brought into full play. However, it was soon discovered that Xuanzong only appreciated his poetic talent and regarded him as a royal scholar who embellished Shengping and court life, which was of no great use. This is a great blow to this poet who is obsessed with the vertical and horizontal techniques of the Warring States period. In addition, he was arrogant and refused to serve the powerful, so he was vilified by his consorts and eunuchs. Finally, less than three years after offering sacrifices to Hanlin, he left the Imperial Capital singing "Wuyi Song" and continued his roaming career. However, since then, Li Bai has not been the former Li Bai. His life in Chang 'an for nearly three years had a strong shock to his thoughts. He was lucky enough to witness many inside stories of the court and the corruption of the king. The naive poet gradually matured. In his poems, three years in Chang 'an became a clear dividing line in his life poems. The thoughts and feelings of early works are relatively simple, often expressing gratitude, lingering in mountains and rivers, and bidding farewell to distant works. Later works are more calm and profound analysis and thinking, expressing feelings with the ending, attacking reality and denouncing resentful works. This poem, "Climbing High and Looking Far to the Sea", is profound in thought and dignified in feelings. It can be clearly seen that the life in Chang 'an has had an impact on the poet's philosophy and world outlook, which should be produced after the poet left Chang 'an. Mr. Zhan Ai's ten years of Tianbao (75 1) in Li Bai's Chronicle of Poetry and Fu is credible. Look at the original poem

The first sentence is "climb the mountain to see the sea." Is it from the topic or from the first sentence? Wang Qiyun: "There are no rumors about this topic. Guo Maoqian's Poems of Yuefu was compiled after Wei Wendi's Climbing to the Top and Looking Far. It is suspected that Taibai raised this matter, but the meaning is different. " Hu Zhenheng thinks that Li Bai's poem is based on Jieshi Pian, with the title "Jieshi is in the east, watching the sea". I think Li Bai's talent is far-reaching, and poems and sentences are often spoken fluently and easily. It is also possible that the first sentence and title here are purely Li Bai's own creation. Playing the first sentence carefully is actually the outline of the whole poem, and the content behind it can be covered as much as possible.

"Six white bones have been frosted, three mountains and flowing water?" I used the allusions in Liezi Tang Wen. It is said that there are five fairy mountains tens of millions of miles east of the Bohai Sea: Daiyu, Qiao Yuan, Fanghu, Yingzhou and Penglai. The five mountains are independent and go with the flow. The Emperor of Heaven ordered Yujiang to designate fifteen giant aojiang to wear it for the first time. Later, a giant of Longbo Kingdom caught six giant aojiang for divination. Daiyu and Jiao Yuanshan drifted to the North Pole and sank into the sea due to loss of maintenance. There were only three mountains in the original place. The general idea of these two sentences is: have the bones of the six giant claws been burned like frost and snow? Where have the remaining three fairy mountains drifted?

People before the Tang Dynasty believed what Fairy Mountain said, which was also mentioned in Li Bai's early poems. For example, "the giant ao can't carry the three mountains, I want Penglai to go up." ("Song of Huai Xian") "An De gives birth to feathers, and thousands of spring lie in Peng Ying." (Looking at the Tiantai) But here, the poet is uncharacteristically confused and suspicious about whether there is a fairyland. What's going on here? Can't help but attract our attention.

"Fusang is half destroyed, and it is glorious." "Shan Hai Jing": "There are hibiscus in Yanggu, bathing for ten days, north of Blackpool. Living in the water, there are big trees, No.9 lives in the lower branch, and 1 lives in the upper branch. The two sentences mean that the sun perches on the hibiscus tree. Over time, the branches will not wither and destroy, and the sun will not sink and lose its luster.

These two sentences question another myth, and their intention is the same as the first two sentences. But why the poet is so remains a mystery.

Let's look at the next two sentences: "The silver platform is like a dream, and the emperor of Qin treats each other with force." At this point, it seems that we can touch the poet's thinking at that time. It turned out that poets climbed high and looked far, facing the vast space and the vast foggy sea, their thoughts flew to the distant Hanwu era of the Qin Dynasty, thinking that they were addicted to the theory of immortals and hoped to live forever. In the end, they drew water with a sieve. According to historical records, after Qin Shihuang merged with the six countries, he was superstitious about the alchemist Xu (Nian Fu Bao) and sent him to lead thousands of boys and girls to the sea to visit the fairy mountain, seeking immortality medicine. As a result, Xu had no income at sea for several years, so he made up some lies to cheat the first emperor. Qin Shihuang continued to give him support. Qin Shihuang still believed in the immortal theory until his death. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also sent alchemists to the sea many times to look for Fairy Mountain and the immortals, but nothing came of it. "The Golden Que on the Silver Terrace" is the legendary palace where Haixian lived. According to Zhang Hengsi's Selected Works of Fu Xuan, "The Empress Dowager was employed by Yintai", and Shan Li noted that "Yintai was the residence of the Empress Dowager." The "Golden Que on the Silver Stage" here generally refers to immortals and immortals. The deeds and whereabouts of those immortals are fantastic, and the martial arts of Qin Huang and Wu Han can only wait in vain. Qin Huang and Wu Han spent a lot of manpower and financial resources in order to live a long life, but in the end they ended up in the end "under three springs, the golden coffin was buried in cold ashes" ("The King of Qin sweeps Liuhe"). The living history puzzled the poet. Do God Man and Fairy Mountain really exist? This was the poet's doubt at that time.

The following is a whole article from "Jing Wei Fei Mu Shi" to "How is it possible for elves". In the face of historical facts, in the process of conflict and contrast between myth and history, the poet changed from confusion to sobriety, from doubt to denial. Finally, the true face of the immortal theory is clarified and the correct conclusion is drawn. Jingwei tells a fairy story in Shan Hai Jing: It is said that Yan Di's daughter drowned while swimming in the East China Sea, and became a bird named Jingwei after her death. The bird kept filling the East China Sea with wood and stones from the western hills. "Yuantu" are two legendary aquatic animals. The former is like a turtle, while the latter is like a dragon. Legend has it that Zhou Muwang spans the whole country and built a bridge across the river in Jiujiang. (For details, see Zhushu Tongzhi) Wang Qi's note: "The sentence' Jingwei' covers the depth and breadth of the sea, and it is not filled with wood and stone, but it is said that it is a beam, and there is no evidence, so it should be noted that there are three mountains." If we can accept that poets deny the existence of immortals and immortality, then why even the myth of "Jingwei filling the sea", which has always been a eulogy, is denied in the poem, which makes us somewhat puzzled. We can't help wondering, why is the poet? The following four sentences are answered. It turned out that the iron history made the poet transcend the myth fog, and the harsh historical facts made the poet lose confidence in all myths. Moreover, even the myth of "jingwei", which represents courage and perseverance, has been denied.

"I didn't see you" is a common prologue in seven-character songs, which can remind people to pay attention and gain motivation. Mao Mausoleum of Mount Li is the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty respectively. On the one hand, the two famous emperors pursued immortality on earth, puzzled by each other's theory, and sought elixir of life in many ways; On the other hand, he overhauled the mausoleum for himself in order to be immortal underground after death. According to Hanshu, after Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, 700,000 torturers went to Lishan (now southeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) to build tombs for themselves. "Weeks back to the mausoleum in more than 50. The sarcophagus is the pavilion, the human ointment is the candle, the mercury is the river and the sea, and the gold is the goose. The hidden treasure, the change of machinery, the beauty of coffins and the prosperity of palaces and halls are invincible. They also killed imperial secretaries and buried tens of thousands of craftsmen. On the contrary, Lishan's work was not finished, and Zhang Zhou's million-dollar teacher went. Ji Xiang burned down his palace and camp, and everyone who went there was eager to find it. Then the shepherd died and the sheep got into his chisel. The shepherd begged the sheep with fire and lost his coffin. " The Book of Jin records: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (Emperor Wu) ascended the throne for one year and became a mausoleum. The world is endowed with two thirds, and ... the mountains are everywhere. After the early death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Maoling was no longer a guest object, but its wood could be arched. Red eyebrows take things from the mausoleum, and you can't halve them. " The two emperors racked their brains and exhausted their financial resources before they died, but they finally died. Although buried in a very rich mausoleum after death, it was eventually burned or dug up, and even shepherds could go in and out directly. The most powerful soul in those days couldn't even protect its own body and mausoleum after death, so what is immortal and immortal? Isn't everything a lie? At this point, the poet's doubts have been lifted.

Look at the last two sentences: "How can Dinghu Dragonfly take advantage of this military situation?" "Like today" means "like now". The use of "today" here mainly emphasizes the comparison between the Lishan Maoling Mountain, which was burned and excavated today, and the Qin Emperor Hanwu, which was militaristic and majestic in those days, and received a comparative effect. So the word "today" seems to be more appropriate than the word "you". In all fairness, Qin Shihuang ruled the country by war, which was conducive to promoting social progress and stability. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used force to pacify the territory, which also helped to resist the invasion of foreign enemies and open the border. The poet said that they were "militaristic" mainly to remind people that they were as powerful and prominent as those who practiced martial arts in the Qin Dynasty, and they could not escape the end of ashes. Who wants to dream again? How can Lapras ascend to heaven? On the other hand, the theory that the Yellow Emperor Lapras ascended to heaven will be illusory. This judgment is tantamount to a blow to all those who are militaristic and seek good deeds. According to Zi Tong Zhi Jian, "(Xuanzong) respected Taoism and longed for a long life, so he argued for Fu Rui, and all his ministers congratulated him on his absence." Xuanzong was also belligerent, pursued the policy of opening the frontier, encouraged frontier generals to stir up border disputes, and the war never stopped, which was quite similar to that of the Emperor Wu of Qin and Han Dynasties. It can be seen that this poem of Li Bai has its own realistic intention of recalling history. As Xiao said when commenting on this poem, "Taibai's poem only satirizes Hanwu's quest for immortals in the Western Ocean" and said: "Tang is a good immortal and likes to make contributions to the frontier. This poem is very ironic. " (See Supplement to the Classification of Li Taibai's Collected Works) In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi said more thoroughly: "Later generations called Ling Du a history of poetry, but I didn't know that there was a biography of Kaiyuan Tianbao in these 91 words." From this aspect, the significance of Li Bai's poem lies not only in his courage to praise and criticize the ancients and deny the fairy tales, but also in the far-reaching social significance of satirizing the present through the ancient times.

Li Bai, who spent his life searching for immortals and visiting Taoism, indulged in wine and pretended to be crazy. On the surface, he seems to be an extraordinary expert. This creates an illusion. Many people regard him as a yellow race. In fact, it is not difficult to find out Li Bai's real motivation and purpose by carefully examining his life story and savoring his numerous poems about immortals. The views expressed in this poem are very instructive for us to correctly understand and understand Li Bai's true attitude towards the theory of immortals. There are many fairy stories in the poem, but they are all denied. Even the myth of jingwei, which most people think is moving and beautiful, has been denied. It fully shows Li Bai's decisive attitude towards the fairy world. It can be said that the reason why Li Bai is a good fairy is created by the times. On the other hand, I want to make a name for myself and find a shortcut to the south for the implementation of my grand plan; But what is more important is his self-liberation after hitting a wall many times in real life. Like his drunkenness, it is a way to amuse oneself and relieve depression. The latter hid in a drunken hometown and sought temporary peace; The former is just a fantasy, building an ideal world and realizing the spiritual liberation of The True Story of Ah Q. Both are equally sad. Ge, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said in his "Yun Zai": "There are nearly 70 ancient volumes, and there are almost 13 or 4 people who want to become immortals ... They are depressed and frustrated, but they think high and far!" Yes, it can be said that Li Bai is a bosom friend. In all Li Bai's poems, more than half of them show the lack of talents and the dream of life. In a sense, poems about immortals are also a reflection of this theme. In this poem, the poet opened his heart and revealed his true understanding of immortals and ghosts from the front, which can be said to be the true meaning of all Li Bai's poems about immortals. This is of great significance for us to correctly understand and evaluate Li Bai's consistent behavior of seeking immortality and doing good deeds.

In terms of art, this poem gives people a calm and serious feeling in tone, except for the elegant and unrestrained features in Li Bai's other poems. For example, the poet's attitude towards the immortal theory is from confusion to doubt, from doubt to denial, and finally draws the correct conclusion from the historical confirmation, step by step, step by step, making people easy to accept and be persuaded. In addition, we can also taste a sense of ups and downs from the poem, and the sigh of life makes the poem have depth. In addition, the poem's "strong waves and long aspirations, unrestrained" (Yuan Zhen language) is swaying, confusing and superb, adding endless artistic charm to the whole poem.