Ancient and modern classical Chinese translation

The accumulation of classical Chinese is one of the magic weapons to get high marks in the exam. The following is my translation of classical Chinese in ancient and modern Tan Jian (excerpts). Let's see if there is any translation.

People with salt and salary are the same as those with heavy burdens. Just two people, give a sheepskin and put ② on each person's back. Hui ③ sent the disputant out, and Gu ④ said, "Can you tell the Lord with this sheepskin?" The next group (5) is salty but does not answer. Huiren set up a sheepskin seat and beat it with a stick. When they saw a small amount of salt crumbs, they said, "Actually, it's 6." And let both sides of the quarrel come in to see that the wood of the firewood fell to the ground and confessed.

Note 1 explanation: put it down. ② Backrest: Sit and lie; The back is worn. It means something that is often used. (3) Hui: a native of Zhongshan (now Mancheng, Dingxian County, Hebei Province), Emperor Taizu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was then the secretariat of Yongzhou. This article is selected from Biography of Northern History Li Huichuan. 4 discipline: followers. National discipline refers to the master book of state-owned assets. ⑤ Under the group: subordinates, subordinates. Reality: fact, truth.

Some people carry salt and some firewood, and both of them put down their burdens at the same time and rest in the shade. When you leave, you have to fight for a sheepskin, which is said to be something for you to sit down and carry on your back. Li Hui released them and said to the master, "Can you knock on this sheepskin to find its owner?" No one answered. Li Hui had the sheepskin put on the mat and beat it with a stick. When he saw some salt powder, he said, "You got the truth!" " Let both sides of the quarrel come in and watch it again, and the firewood bearer will admit his mistake.

Further reading

Talking about Rules in Ancient and Modern Times, also known as History of Laughter in Ancient and Modern Times and Talking about Rules in Ancient and Modern Times, is a note novel by Feng Menglong, a famous novelist in Ming Dynasty. Most of the contents are allusions from past dynasties, such as the famous "state officials set fire".

This book is a collection of jokes and humorous sketches, divided into 36 parts. Feng Menglong, the author, has collected a lot of funny stories from the official history of past dynasties and unofficial history's notes, exposing social ugliness and all kinds of weird and morbid phenomena, which can not only entertain readers, but also confuse himself. This is a very enlightening reading.

content

Feng Menglong, who is famous for his popular literature creation in the world, left not only "three words" to future generations, but also many famous articles written in plain classical Chinese. Throughout the ages, Tan is such a work. It brings together thousands of stories and legends of past dynasties, covering all kinds of situations in the world. These stories and legends have a common feature, that is, funny coke, which is often humorous and full of philosophy in humor, and most of the stories are based on facts. It can be said that in the form of language expression, it is close to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and A Wide Record of Laughing Forest, but it is much more profound. Reading this book is like entering Baoshan, beautiful and beautiful. I hope you will gain something while enjoying the tour and bring back some shells.

On the Absolute of Ancient and Modern Times is based on the official history of past dynasties, and includes all kinds of unofficial history and notes. According to the content, it is divided into 36 categories, one volume and one category, most of which are true stories. After Feng Menglong sorted out the comments, they formed a ridiculous comic corridor. Li Yu prefaced the book, saying that "words are not enough, but it is still ancient history."

Liang Shouzhong wrote in "The Origin of the Three Examination Questions of the Top Scholar in Xin Wei" that "the fourth scholar (namely the top scholar in Xin Wei) is difficult to test Huang Rong's three examination questions, which comes from the ancient and modern laughter written by Feng Menglong, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty. The earliest extant is a 36-volume edition carved by Ye Kunchi in Nagato, Suzhou in Ming Dynasty.

This novel is concise, vivid and humorous, but it has far-reaching significance. Due to the lack of response after publication, it was republished in the spring of Wanli Gengshen (AD 1620), renamed as Ancient and Modern Laughter, and added "Xiao Lin Bi Hong inscribed by the fifth person of Rhyme Society" and "Self-narration" by Feng. The self-report is devoted to "Wu Xia's ci slave" and "the history of the previous week"

In the middle of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1667), Zhu Zaizhong, Zhu Jiangyu and Zhu Kunzhong edited this book, which was divided into 34 volumes and renamed Laughter of Ancient Times, and was published by Li Yu as a preface. Photocopy according to Ye Kunchi's engraving. Pages 15 and 16 of the original book Buyun Bu, the second half of page 22, and the third page of the catalogue of Wei Ci Bu are all supplemented by Ancient and Modern Laughter. In addition, the book is accompanied by Ancient and Modern Laughter, Feng Autobiography, The Title of Ancient and Modern Laughter by the Fifth Person of the Rhyme Society, and Li Yu's Preface to the History of Ancient Laughter for reference.

brief Introduction of the content

According to the nature and characteristics of characters' words and deeds, the book is divided into 36 parts, namely 36 categories. Of course, this division is not scientific, and overlapping phenomena abound, but this is only a small flaw, which is irrelevant. Thirty-six books are pedantic department, grotesque department, idiot department, fallacy department, unskilled department, bitter department, unintelligible department, obsessive department, emotional department, Wada department, pity department, poverty department and waste department. Some ministries have annexes. From the catalogue statistics alone, there are as many as 2329 books. In fact, there are several or even ten items with different contents under a topic, so the real number should be above 2600.

Every movie begins with a preface written by Feng Menglong. Most of them were edited by authors from ancient books, and a few were created by themselves. The content is mostly anecdotes of predecessors and some jokes and fables.

Creation background

Talking about the past and the present is a note novel similar to Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Feng Menglong collected many jokes from official history, unofficial history, note novels and folk oral literature, mocking all kinds of social bad habits, bad habits and chronic diseases in a playful tone. Even several novels, such as Ji Ling, Absurdity and Rarely, made many innuendos to the society at that time. Feng Menglong, who is in his forties, was just a scholar when he wrote Tan Kao in Ancient and Modern Times. He and a group of depressed friends organized a "rhyme club" in his hometown. He looked at the world and felt something in his chest. When he is angry, he laughs and amuses himself. "Tan" used to mean "the present", but at the same time it didn't mean to heal the world.

character introduction

Su Shi

Su Shi is the most frequent figure in ghost talk in ancient and modern times. Su Shi has a humorous personality, especially in the declining period of life, and he needs to joke about his own pain to ease his heart. In An Overview of Ancient and Modern Times, Su Shi showed his humorous side. After the Wutai Poetry Case, Su Shi's personality turned more and more to the understanding of nature and life, and his indifferent and broad-minded mood was exposed in his life, pursuing "a reed position is like a reed position, and he is at a loss." Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; It's like independence, feather and immortality. "The realm of Red Cliff Fu has a vision beyond broadmindedness and insight into life." "Two Pictures of Tao Dabu" tells that Liu Ling used to take a shovel everywhere and said, "I will use it to bury me after I die." Su Dongpo commented: "Liu Ling is not an enlightened person. Put on clothes and put them in the coffin after death, which will not affect the entry and exit. If Liu Ling thinks this is wrong, then he will die, if he dies. Why bury him in the ground? "In Su Shi's view, people who can leave things behind after death are truly open-minded people. Su Shi is a truly detached and open-minded person.

Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian, the queen of the Tang Dynasty. She is flesh and blood, which is her unique image charm. Wu Zetian flatters and flatters, and she can't tell whether she is loyal or stupid, and she has lost her eye for dealing with things objectively. But as a wise monarch, Wu Zetian also has a wise side. Her personality is diverse and full of contradictions.

works appreciation

theme

When Feng Menglong conceived "Talking about the Ancient and Modern", his position was Confucian and his intention was to persuade and punish, so there were many articles with derogatory tendencies, which coincided with the tradition of "beauty stabbing"; However, the objects of its materials are varied. Generally speaking, some are taken from the "serious" classics in the great tradition, and some are taken from jokes, anecdotes, popular jokes and so on in the small tradition. As far as the idea of writing a book is concerned, its subjective intention is to combine the fresh materials in the small tradition with the "stories" in the big tradition, complement each other and confirm each other, so as to achieve the purpose of correcting people's hearts and purifying customs.

Stylistic form

The stylistic forms of Ancient and Modern Talks mainly include the following categories:

First, excerpts. For example, there is an article entitled "Liu Gongrong" in Dawabu: "Liu Gongrong drinks with others and is unclean. People may scoff at this. A:' Those who win public honor must drink; Those who are not as honorable as the public will drink; If you are an honest man, you must drink with him. "So I drink and get drunk all day long." This article is taken from the category of "Ren Dan" in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. For another example, the "orange knowledge department" has the article "Jin Zai's Two Filial Pieties in a Person's Office", the title of which has been clearly recorded from Jin Zai's office. The text of A Brief Introduction to Ancient and Modern Times is mostly extracted from handed down notes and novels.

Second, the joke style. For example, the Ministry of Corruption has an article called "Vegetable urn": "Nie Bao, whose real name is Wen Wei, is from Yongfeng. I like to say' the learning of Yangming', but I am greedy and cunning by nature. When I was in Suzhou, taking bribes was nothing. Li Tong wanted to seal the gold in the urn, and got it, pretending that the cloud' sent the father food'. Li said, "My wife is thinking about food." So I took twelve bottles. Leopard is afraid to ask. "This is the Ming Dynasty in which Feng Menglong lived, that is, the period when Wang Yangming's studies were prevalent. It was a joke circulated among the people, laughing at some people's high-profile talk about' Neo-Confucianism', and the actual behavior was filthy. Another example is "The Fallacy Department", which says that "Wuxia Guan Sheng lost a small piece of Tsing Yi, and when asked about it, he had to" peel the bed and compensate it ". Liu Su, regardless of arts and sciences, suddenly said, "Do you have an uncle? Try to get it from his house, and you will get it. "As you say, you get what you say. Liu got up and laughed. In this joke, the soothsayer named Liu didn't understand the arts and sciences, thinking that the word "skin" in the hexagrams was homophonic for "uncle", but it happened that the soothsayer named Guan had an uncle, and the missing little Tsing Yi (handmaid) was really at his uncle's place, which can be described as "blind cat meets dead mouse". In this way, the fortune teller's reputation is even greater. And so on, there are many paragraphs in the book, but also many fragments that are not paragraphs, because they contain satire and ridicule, so they are often ridiculous.

Third, the recording style. For example, there is an article in "Corruption Department" entitled "History of Shoe Pride":' Zheng Greed. Tasted as the secretariat of Mizhou, the slave told us to give shoes, that is, the person who asked for new shoes asked the tree above to pick fruit, and the slave stole the shoes and left. When the official complained, Ren Kai said, "The secretariat is not a shoemaker." . "This is a factual record. It seems that there is nothing fictional. I am afraid it is hard to make it up. It is written about Zheng's despicable heart and eye-catching behavior as a local official. Your shoes are damaged, but you try to steal other people's ideas, regardless of whether other people's shoes fit your feet. Such greed is a typical example.

As far as the above three categories are concerned, their similarity lies in the different degree of "jokes", each with a certain story and different sources of information. These factors "compound" together and form a discourse system that is quite in line with the tradition of "gossip". Therefore, the words used in this book are quite novel.