The first scholar in Shaoxing in Ming Dynasty

Zhang, a native of Zhejiang, is a famous philosopher, educator and scholar at the turn of Jia-Wan. Zhang was born in an official family. His father, Zhang Tianfu, was a scholar in the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing. He used to be an official in Yunnan Province, an assistant to the China Promotion Department, and a secretary of Taibu Temple in Gansu Province. He is the author of many books, such as Imperial Examination and Ming Yutang Draft. It is an important reference book for studying geography in Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, Zhang was born tall and handsome and loved reading. His mother saw him working too hard and warned him not to study too hard. In order not to impress his mother, Zhang Can only secretly reads books. Whenever his mother falls asleep, he will light the curtains and read books at night, so that his mother can win. I don't know. After a period of time, I will try my best to take charge of state affairs. My father Zhang Tianfu often chats in front of his seat, commenting on the gains and losses of government affairs and talents. His father, Zhang Tianfu, is often noncommittal in order to defeat his ability.

Zhang's road to imperial examination was not smooth. Jiajing thirty-seven years, 2 1 year. After that, he took several exams and failed. It was not until the fifth year of Qin Long that he became the first scholar. He served as a juror for thirteen years in junior high school. At the age of thirty-four, he was no longer a mistress. Miscellaneous books in the Ming Dynasty recorded the miracles before the champion, such as the Imperial Examination Volume 34 of Shiyuan, Yunmenglin:

Real name Yanghe, Yinshan, Zhejiang. In five years, Qin Long won. He was not the first person to take part in the trial. His father came back to be the secretary of Taipu Temple. Living in an alley with Luo, I tasted my dream and put it flat at home. When I tried, my ancestors made a sound. On the third day, I saw six golden branches. Liu told Se about it. This second suit has been taken away first. Let Zhang take the lead at the age of thirty-four.

For example, Gu Zuxun compiled a volume in the Ming Dynasty and dreamed of collecting clouds:

When I was old, I heard of Shaoxing Champion Newspaper, because I said that the champion of Shaoxing must be surnamed Zhang and wanted to leave Shaoxing. Is Popo, an alien who doesn't know divination, a prophet? Yu Jie said: Luo Gonglun, the number one scholar two years before Chenghua, and Zhang Gong in the fifth year were all from Jiangxi. Their luck was good for a while, so they knew. The guest smiled. Wu Gongkuan Chenghua was born in Wu in the eighth year, and Chenghua was born in Wu in the eighth year. He must be from Wu. This statement is not credible. Yu Jie said, I don't I don't know him. When I saw a bear in Beijing, I knew that Beijing was on fire for several days and it really happened. How do peers know? He: Shaoxing bear went to Beijing after watching "Fish Cave Record" and was on fire for several days. The word bear can make a fire. Obey each other. What else? Still a response to the reading question, but it only succeeded for three years. Any criminal record? The guest also resigned, but did not answer. After hearing the news, Sinvik began to take Popo's knife.

Luo, whose real name is Kangzhou, is also from Shaoxing. He won the top prize in two years, one subject earlier than Zhang. Two fellow villagers got the first place in two subjects, which is undoubtedly the greatest honor in the history of Shaoxing Imperial Examination and an anomaly in the history of China Imperial Examination. So it is not surprising that the ancients used dreams and prophecies to render such accidental events.

Zhang Xiaoshun, naturally admire. Father Zhang Tianfu was falsely accused before he was admitted to Jinshi. When Zhang Tianfu was appointed as the deputy envoy of Yunnan, he helped Lu Guangxun, the governor, to quell the rebellion of Wuding local officials. He offended Mu Shigong in Guizhou, Yunnan. Mushi instructed court officials to impeach him, so Zhang Tianfu was arrested and imprisoned. Zhang distressed his father and accompanied him thousands of miles to send Ding.

The official life in Zhang Yuanyuan is not obvious. Qin Long was the top scholar in five years. According to the usual practice, he was awarded a book in the Hanlin Academy. Soon, Ding Fu left worried. Service que, and ordered to teach in the library. Xuan was ordered to manage the imperial edict and went straight to Juzhu Pavilion. After that, Ding's mother worried that she would leave her job. After taking Que, he started his career, and went to Zuo Chunfang, Zuo Yude and Hanlin Academy to study, clean up the yellow mud and make up the lecture hall. After becoming an official, Zhang always wanted to rehabilitate his father, complained for his father many times, and even asked for the crown and honor given to his father by the court, but the court always prohibited him. For this reason, Zhang said gloomily, I can't see my father. In the Battle of Wuding, my father bowed his head and beheaded thousands of people, and his reputation was there. Today, it is blessed to know the Lord, but I can't. Don't wash away my father's grievances, but I can. I can't stand my relatives for long. Why later? In addition, when I was young, because of my father, it was unfair to run around Wan Li, and I was exhausted, so I died. Zhang Yisheng's official position is not obvious. He came out late and died all his life. If he succeeds at the end of this year, he may become an official with the qualification of the top scholar and his position in the Hanlin Academy, which is regarded as a storage place.

Zhang is a pure scholar in essence, and his interest in righteousness seems to exceed his interest in career promotion:

Since I met enlightenment, I put the first one, and the period came from the tree. Under the official protection, Japanese pen was studied by Luo Jinkui's immortal code. Erh Lin's words are so clear that the first pet is based on writing and ink, and others have to explain it. This is a lonely man. He emphasizes the talent of world affairs, keeps the facts in mind and is always full of outdoor activities. Show his interest in learning. The rich collection of books in the college and discussions among colleagues made Zhang Yuanji immersed in the academic ocean, and he had no time to discuss his career promotion. Therefore, Tan Qian called it boundless and indifferent, eager for progress, but this is not empty talk. Zhu Geng, a bachelor, commented on this kindred spirit: Jia Kui is a royal title, regardless of his own merits and demerits. He is famous all over the world because he is not Dr. China. After his death, he was still covered by a watch, known as Luo Gonglun, Shu Gongfen of Zixi, and Luo Gonghong Xian 'an. 3. Is the real scientific name of a gentleman his purity or his appearance? I don't-I don't know the end of Confucius' creation, but I want the same Confucianism, the same honesty, the same officials but the same five products. Who knows if there will be chapters following in the footsteps of the three gentlemen in the future? Although Zhang has regrets that his speech status is not high, he is vaguely proud of having such a kindred spirit compared with his predecessors, such as Shu Fen and Luo Hongxian, who were recognized as having low social status and great influence at that time.

Born in Geng Jie, Bird despised his wealth. His teacher is the first recorded power in the world. As the champion of Zhang, it is only a matter of time before this road approaches and caters to Zhang. But Zhang's attitude towards Zhang is indifferent and supercilious, and sometimes he even disagrees with Zhang's operation:

He doesn't like others, but he doesn't want to make trouble. Gaichu, you go in and out of Jiangling Gate. When it is very hot, it is humble and attached to the ants, screaming high, but there is no need to be alone to keep them self-controlled. Classmate tasting says that some people want to treat others with simple things, but if they get lost or get sick, they will die. The political opinions of Shi Hu, Yin and Zhang in Guangxi Daoci. In the public interest, Zhang Yuanfu defended himself and did not hesitate to put forward

Zhang is also a pure philosopher. When he was young, he wrote a letter about Wang Yangming's obedience to his mind and his taste for the wisdom of songs, which reflected his doubts. Yes, I smell Wang Wencheng's conscience, but I am open-minded, so I naturally understand my mind here. He is a disciple of Wang Ji School in central Zhejiang. Based on the thought of mind ontology, he believes that everything starts from the heart, everything should be the unity of everything, and the world should be enlightened. He also attributed the purpose of Tai Chi discussed by Zhu and Zhang Zai to the nature of mind, which can be said to be completely inherited from Wang. However, Zhang neither completely copied nor studied Wang Ji well. On the contrary, he expressed doubts and even criticized some views and thoughts of Wang Ji and even Wang Yangming. Wang Xue likes arguing. By the Wanli period, Wang Xue's last stream of water had fallen into the quagmire of empty talk and wrong country. Zhang Yuanyuan hates this very much, and he always tries to correct it. He is a master of literature, but everyone who studies literature in the sick world is talkative. He made a special effort to correct it. He said that knowing good and evil is a conscience, and doing evil for good is a standard thing. This is the purpose of conscience. In his eyes, conscience and dignity are not mysterious things, but their essence is embodied in practice. He thinks that learning is Zhu Xue. All the deer studies are of the same origin, and later generations have different opinions because of different portals, which breeds dissent. On the contrary, they combined Zhu's poems and Wen Cheng into a book named Changsha Prefecture Records. It is easy to publish a book with similarities and differences. He emphasized the moral cultivation of Confucian scholars and demanded the study and practical application of Confucian classics and general history. In fact, he wants to talk about Zhu's rootlessness, which is his last visit. Therefore, Huang Zongxi believes that the study of Wencheng is not from Zhu's mouth, and his words are to the point.

Zhang expressed his ethical thoughts most clearly when he gave lectures at Yuelu Academy. In the tenth year of Wanli, the eldest son of the emperor was born, and he was ordered to be the sixth generation in Genie Chen. At the invitation of Li Tian, a military preparation road, he gave lectures at Yuelu and Yin Academy. He took the ethical education thought expounded in Zhu Zi Excerpt to Yuelu Academy, and was appointed to teach in the Inner Book House in 1578, which can be seen from his poems such as Ming Confucian Case, Instructions for Inner Books, Dacheng Hall, Yuelu Self-encouragement and Zhu. In addition to the regular extracurricular activities, Yu also specially planned a chapter "Cherish Yin", saying: loyalty, sincerity, sincerity, prudence, kindness, frugality, modesty and harmony are all based on poetry. He also picked the story of the sage in History, called Xun Jie, and took one every day, so that the two would be old. Read it twice and let the child stand up straight. Zhang's nature is loyalty and filial piety, so his explanation of loyalty and righteousness is profound, and the relationship between loyalty and sincerity is unprecedented. He said, let's talk about how to be loyal first, and only serve the court wholeheartedly, not for personal gain. If a minister wants to be loyal to you, he must be honest with himself, and success or failure is at stake. There are no insatiable people in the world, and they are honest. If he wants to achieve great success, he will start with sincerity. If he is not sincere, he is not good at all. Even if he uses his tricks, he may not be a good man, but he can't do great things. In other words, the key to loyalty is honesty. Loyalty is the purpose of being a man, and honesty is the guarantee of loyalty. Honesty is the foundation of being a man. Without it, loyalty and honesty are out of the question. Obviously, Zhang Yuanji wanted to save the people through sincere cultivation, and his ethical thoughts were no longer accepted by Wang Xue. This is very consistent with the cultivation method of Huxiang school, which is to observe knowledge first and cultivate self-cultivation later. Therefore, since Zhang went to Yuelu Mountain to give lectures, the wind of giving lectures in Hunan has risen again.

Zhang is also an excellent historian. During my tenure at the Hanlin Academy, I compiled the volume 10 by using the rich literature of the Hanlin Academy. The book is well preserved so far, and it is the first-hand material to study the system from the early Ming Dynasty to Zhengde Pavilion. His greatest contribution to history is to participate in the compilation of local chronicles. In the third year of Wanli, his father worried about his family and Xu Wei co-edited Sixteen Volumes of Pavilions. This is a well-received county annals. Based on the four books of land, governance, household and ceremony, the ambition is divided into the following items: evolution, mountains and rivers, customs, officials and teachers. Among them, there are 3 geographical books, which record the evolution, boundaries, shapes, mountains and rivers, customs and products; The book 1 records the establishment of officials and cities; Four volumes of books, recording household registration, tax payment, water conservancy and disasters; Volume 8; Volume, record officials, officials, elections, figures, shrines, monuments, temples. There are also 4 general comments and 19 sub-comments. These four general theories are local general theory, administrative general theory, family general theory and ritual general theory. There are 19 sub-theories, namely, evolution theory, boundary theory, shape victory theory, mountains and rivers theory, custom theory, property theory, official system theory, city building theory, household registration theory, tax payment theory, water conservancy theory, disaster difference theory, official teacher theory, official trace theory, character theory, election theory, shrine worship theory, historical trace theory and temple view theory. The four general chapters and 19 sub-chapters play an important role in outlining the whole book. The theory of placing books is rare in old records and even new records, which can be said to be an innovation of this kind of records. At the same time, the book focuses on the four books of land, governance, household and etiquette, and also has the function of highlighting key points and distinguishing people clearly. Therefore, future generations evaluate this ambition: the four books and tools are only a little preparation for the way of the city, so that people who have lived in this city can observe the geographical suitability, promote governance, and guide them to benefit according to others. In the thirteenth year of Wanli, my mother was worried about Ding. At the invitation of Shaoxing magistrate, she compiled China Local Records together with famous scholars. It is also a well-structured local chronicle, which is famous for its rigorous style, clear textual research and illustrations. Stand out in the complicated Ming history. Historians call it Shaoxing government records, Shaoxing government records, and call it the history of loyalty and righteousness. The key to compiling local chronicles lies in style, which reflects the quality and historical knowledge of editors. Wanli's Records of Zhejiang Celebrities and Wanli's Records of Huiji County are well-known in later generations because of their accurate style. Lee Tae, a local chronicler, emphasized the compiling style of local chronicles in Shaoxing County Records. In his view, style is to local chronicles as pillars are to houses. How can the house be stable when the pillar falls down? It can be seen that foot style plays a vital role in the compilation of local chronicles. Evaluation of this Coriolus versicolor: it is divided into 18 Coriolus versicolor, and each Coriolus versicolor is listed at the back of the book, which is easier to understand than other Coriolus versicolor and has a good style. This is the last volume of the chronicle. It is also a kind of creation to inspect all the books in Shaoxing Chronicle, from local chronicles to the Summary of Sikuquanshu. In other words, it emphasizes the perfection of this recording style. Many scholars have commented on the advantages of Wanli Jueshu, so I won't go into details. What needs to be pointed out here is that the fifty volumes of Wanli Wuyue Chunqiu were not compiled by Zhang alone, but the style of the book was agreed by Zhang and Sun. Except for Shaoxing County Records, volume 15 was written by Zhang, the rest were written by Zhang. According to Fu Zhiyun of Shaoxing, Wan Li, Sun Shi, at first, I wanted to make it a grass root, but I wanted to polish my son. Xiao Gong, who can't play T well, is worried that he will win tdie, but he belongs to Yu Zi, a geography major. It can be seen that it was originally intended to be written by a person, and Zhang revised it and polished it. Xiao Liang is worried about trouble.

Zhang Yuanyuan was the top scholar with the highest academic achievements, the greatest contribution to China culture and the greatest influence in Shaoxing in Ming Dynasty. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been many top scholars, but few have really contributed to China culture. Because the number one scholar is only the highest prestige in the imperial examination system, it does not represent ability or knowledge. To make an inappropriate analogy, the champion is just the so-called champion of the college entrance examination today. To succeed, the champion of the college entrance examination has to go through a long period of tempering in all aspects. Not every champion in the college entrance examination can succeed, nor can the champion in the history of imperial examinations. Therefore, many top scholars in the history of China are unknown, and have no achievements and influence in politics, military affairs, culture and economy. However, Zhang is different. Although the official position is not obvious, at least he has made important contributions to the education of Neo-Confucianism and the compilation of local chronicles. His historical works such as Preface to Shaoxing County Records also provide valuable resources for us to study the history of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Zhang Yuanji is a well-deserved figure in the history of China.