Confucius' theory of ghosts and gods?

As a side of Confucius' religious view, the view of ghosts and gods has always been negative in academic circles. Wang Zhixin said in the Outline of China's History of Religious Thought: "In short, he (Confucius) does not believe in ghosts and gods." Mr. Ye believes: "Confucius is suspicious of ghosts and gods, while Confucianism does not believe in ghosts and gods." Scholars in the past overemphasized that Confucius was a rational philosopher, but neglected the continuity between Confucius' thought and ancient thought. However, in recent years, with the deepening of research, some scholars have raised objections to Confucius' view of ghosts and gods and put forward different views. In the article "A New Probe into the Reasons for Confucius' Worship of Ghosts and Gods", Wang Ding thinks that Confucius believes in ghosts and gods from the aspects of time and origin. From the historical development, Confucius' thought of ghosts and gods originated from the worship of ghosts and gods in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and absorbed the thought of "respecting heaven and protecting people" in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and finally developed into the thought of "valuing people and neglecting ghosts". Confucius' reinterpretation and orientation of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties' ghosts and gods had an important influence on the development direction of China culture. Before Confucius, the concept of ghosts and gods was very popular and had a certain system. According to "Uncle Li Zhouguan Chunzong Bo", "Uncle is in charge of the ceremonies of gods, ghosts and earth, helping Wang Jian defend his country. Auspicious ceremonies are manifested in serving the country's ghosts and gods, offering sacrifices to the gods, offering real firewood to the sun, the moon, the stars and the morning, offering sacrifices to the commander-in-chief, the teacher and the rain teacher, offering sacrifices to the country and the five mountains with blood, offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers with raccoons, and offering sacrifices to everything in the four directions with _ Gu, so as to enjoy the first place. As can be seen from the above materials, there was a three-layer structure of ghosts and gods in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and a system of gods was formed in the Shang Dynasty. God can refer to the gods in the sky, such as sun, moon, star, morning, wind and rain. Ghost is a title for people after death, and it can also refer to the ancestor god. Soil can generally refer to mountains, rivers, rivers and other things on the ground. According to the above classification, gods can refer to ghosts and gods in general, and ghosts refer to human gods and ancestral gods in particular. The ghosts and gods in Confucius' view of ghosts and gods should refer to "ancestor gods" There is no doubt that Confucius' thought of ghosts and gods is bound to be influenced by this spiritual system. Source: the human world