Tao Yuanming & gt Secondly, thank you for your translation and appreciation.

one

I wanted to live in Nancun yesterday, not for Buqi Village.

People who listen too much are happy in the morning and evening.

I have been pregnant with this for several years, and today I am our service.

Why should the disadvantages be wide? Prepare enough covers for the mattress (4).

Neighboring songs come from time to time, and the word resistance is a thing of the past.

Doubts about the appreciation of strange pens [6].

Secondly,

There are many beautiful days in spring and autumn, and new poems are written on the mountain.

It's better to call each other when you pass the door, and you should consider it if you have wine.

Farm work should be returned to each other, and leisure should be homesick.

Acacia wears clothes and laughs endlessly.

This reason will be invincible? Doing nothing and suddenly going to this place.

Food and clothing should be well-behaved, and efforts should not be bullied. [ 1]

Notes on works:

(1) Nancun: Different schools have different interpretations of "Nancun". Ding thought it was under Xunyang City (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) (see notes on Tao Yuanming's poems). Buzhai: Divination asks the good or ill luck of the house. These two sentences mean that I wanted to move to Nancun before, not because the homestead there was good. ⑵ Simple-minded person: Simple-minded person. Li Gonghuan's Note: "It refers to Yan Yannian, Yin and Pang Tong." Children, Ming Zun, that is, Pang's master book "Complaining Poems and Chu Tunes Showing Pang's Master Book Deng Zhizhong". Quantity: repeated. Morning and evening: See you day and night. It is said that there are many simple people in Nancun, and I am willing to spend time with them.

Take this into consideration: with the desire to move to Nancun. Several years: It has been many years. Slavery: This activity refers to immigration. From this service: follow your wishes. I have a wish to move to Nancun, which finally came true today.

(4) Residence: dilapidated houses. Why be lenient: Why be lenient. Covered mattress: a covered bed and mattress. Prepare enough mattresses: it is best to put a bed and a cushion.

5. Neighbors: neighbors refer to, yin, and so on. , which is the so-called "anxious person". According to his poem Farewell to Yin Jin, "I lived in Li Nan when I was old, and I was a neighbor when I was young." It can be seen that Yin used to be a neighbor. Resistance: homophonic, high-meaning, loud talk: a grandiose or lofty statement. Talking about the past: Talking about the past. These two sentences mean that neighbors often come to visit and talk about the past when they come.

[6] analysis: analyze the meaning of the text. Wei Jin people like to argue, such as "Jin Chunqiu" records: "Xie An travels around the mountains and waters, and entertains himself with reasoning." Tao Yuanming can't help but have this hobby. The so-called meaning analysis is mainly a philosophical interest, which is different from the general analysis of sentence meaning. The meaning of these two sentences is that * * * likes strange writing and analyzes the difficult meaning together.

At one time, these two sentences meant that it was sunny in spring and autumn, just to write poems for climbing mountains.

(8) Pour wine: put the wine in a spoon. Action: Fill up the wine. Consideration: pour wine and drink, and persuade people to drink. These two sentences mean that neighbors greet each other and drink.

(9) farm work: farm work. Acacia: Miss each other. These two sentences mean to go back to farming when you have farm work, and miss each other when you have leisure.

Put on clothes: put on clothes, which means talking to someone. Tired: satisfied.

⑾ This principle refers to laughing and drinking with neighbors. Will: Yes. Will be invincible: not beautiful. Liz: These refer to the last sentence "This principle", which means that this kind of happiness between neighbors is no better than anything else. Don't give up this practice suddenly.

⑿ Ji: management. When the meaning of these two sentences changes, I think it's good to have a heart-to-heart conversation with friends, but you should earn your own living and practice hard.

Appreciation of works:

one

In June 408 (the fourth year of Jin 'an Yi), Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion in Beijing and caught fire. He temporarily took a boat as his home. Two years later, he moved to Xunyang Nancun (now outside Jiujiang, Jiangxi). "Two sports" should be written after the sports. The first song is about the original intention of moving to seek friends and the happiness of the neighborhood in the past. Every four sentences in Yin Wei's poems are a level. The first four sentences: "I wanted to live in Nancun before, not for the house. I am happy to hear more people, and I am happy to get along with each other. " Tracing back to the source, starting with the word "past", we link immigration with finding friends. Because of different things, we focus on the word "joy". The ancients were superstitious. When they move and choose a house, they always predict first and seek good luck. They move when the house is lucky, but they don't move when it is dangerous. However, there is an old saying: "The house is divination, and the neighbor is divination." (Three Years of Zuo Gong) Settlers don't care about the quality of homestead, but only about the quality of neighborhood. With his heart, the poet shows that he has long yearned for Nancun. The house is not for feng shui and good luck, but for friends. Three or four sentences, make up for the mood of Buju. A "simple-hearted person" refers to a person with a pure and kind heart. The old theory refers to yin and others. Count, calculate. The poet heard that there are many people with real qualities in Nancun, and they are willing to spend time with them. Tao Yuanming lives in "death, the prosperity of pseudo-culture, strict retreat, and the easy advancement of the market" ("Give to those who feel that men don't meet"). He was saddened by the social atmosphere full of hypocrisy, machine fraud, profiteering and fighting, but he was unable to set things right. He can only live a clean life, live in seclusion in the countryside and devote himself to self-sufficiency. Buju seeks friends, does not go with the flow, does not pray, and only chooses good neighbors, which is the expression of the poet's lofty sentiments and inner personality. The middle four sentences: "I have been pregnant with this for several years, and I am serving in this army today. Why should the disadvantages be wide? With enough mattresses. " It is a poetic turning point and deepening from Buju's original intention to his willingness to move. Our service refers to moving. "Cheap house", shabby house, here refers to a humble new home. Once again, the poet explained that the desire to move to Nancun has long existed, and now it has finally come true. His happiness can't be expressed in words. Then he said, as long as you have good neighbors and friends, it doesn't matter how small the house is, as long as you can build a bed and a mat, why ask for spaciousness? I don't want to spend the morning and night nearby, but I want to spend the morning and night nearby. Although the shortcomings are small, I enjoy them. It goes without saying that the poet's broad-minded mind is interesting outside things. In the pursuit of housing, many people of insight throughout the ages have shown lofty spiritual realm. Confucius intends to live in the eastern minority areas. He was told that this place was too humble. Confucius said, "Where does a gentleman live?" (The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) Du Fu lived in Chengdu, and his hut was broken by the autumn wind. In his grief, he still called eagerly: "There are thousands of buildings in Ande, which is a great shelter for all the poor people in the world. Oh! Suddenly I saw this house in front of me, and I froze to death alone! " ("The Cottage is Blown by the Autumn Wind") Pushing yourself and others shows the lofty feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Liu Yuxi wrote an inscription for the humble room: "The mountain is not high, and the fairy is famous; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. " He despises the meanness and corruption of officialdom and pursues noble morality and interests. In aesthetic temperament, he has something in common with Tao Yuanming's poems. The last four sentences: "The neighboring songs come from time to time, and the resistance to talk has passed. Wonders are appreciated and doubts are analyzed. " Describe the joy of friends in detail. Neighboring songs, that is, neighbors. In the poem "Farewell to Yin Jin" written by 4 1 1 (the seventh year of Yixi), the poet said: "Last year, my family was in the south, and I was a neighbor when I was young." Therefore, Yin Jin 'an was once a neighbor of the poet. Speak loudly and talk enthusiastically. The past means the past. Most of the friends mentioned in the poem are literati, and the content of the conversation is naturally different from that of farmers. "Seeing each other without miscellaneous words, knowing Sang Ma is long" is limited to farming (see "Returning to the Garden"), but with the characteristics and hobbies of literati. They recalled the past together and had a heart-to-heart conversation freely. They enjoy strange words together, analyze difficult meanings, swim in the ocean of learning and pursue spiritual communication. When the poet wrote two movements, he was already in his middle age of forty-six or seven. This is a period when all aspects of life are maturing. The fun and charm of middle age lies in knowing life and yourself, so as to do what you can and are willing to do and enjoy the life you can enjoy. Like other works after reading Tao Yuanming's Return to the Field, these two migration poems give people a distinct and strong feeling: the poet hates the dark and dirty society and the ugly and hypocritical officialdom, but he doesn't hate life. In his sincere love for the countryside, his relatives and friends, he found the happiness of life, the destination of life, and the comfort and rest of his soul. High-spirited, free and easy, he loves life, loves life, has a unique and cordial mood, full of interest and rationality. The charm of Tao Yuanming's poetry comes from his poetic love and grasp of life and nature. The style of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems has always been known for its simplicity and naturalness. This unique style is the externalization of the poet's qualitative and natural personality. Judging from this poem, the story of immigrants is a very common thing. However, in the poet's leisurely pen, the reader feels cordial and tasteful. The language used, like spoken language, is gentle and subtle, seemingly simple, but it tastes mellow, the feeling of thinking is real, and the meaning of enlightenment is far away. If you want to move, you have to: "Why should the disadvantages be wide? Bring enough to make the bed. " Simply talk about daily life and express your outlook on life directly. The word "why bother" is frank and meaningful, reflecting people's general mentality of seeking fame and profit, being refined and upright, just like a crane in the pine and a swan in the sky. Another example is the poet's writing of harmonious and frank neighborhood friendship, which is expressed only by "coming from time to time", which can be described as saving ink and making people daydream. Appreciating strange writing, taking the shape of "* *", analyzing doubts and taking the shape of "phase" are all vivid words. If you admire the strange writing and analyze the doubts, it is ok, but it is impossible to deepen the theme of the joy of immigrants because of the sharp decline in mood. And "* * *" and "the birthplace" continue one after another, and the modality of speaking loudly is vividly displayed, making "appreciating strange articles, analyzing doubts and solving doubts" a wonderful poem, which has won the appreciation of readers in past dynasties. Hu Zai's evaluation of Tao Yuanming's poem "Stop Drinking" in Tiaoxi Fishing Afterwards is: "Sit in the shade and stop at the gate. Good taste stops the sunflower in the garden, and great joy stops the child. I tasted it again and again, and then I know what I mean ... how can I envy Guangsha Huatang sitting in the shade of the tree? If you stop at the gate, you will benefit deeply from this city. Delicious food stops at Kwai Garden. Why do you want to be the abbot of Wuding? Great joy ended in hitting the child. Why not sing a song and dance with me? " To reach this state of mind and life realm, it takes a long-term ideological struggle and painful life experience to have a wise understanding of life, just like a full-fledged river and sea, Wang Yang, after rough waves, returns to calm. Tao poetry seems ordinary, but it makes people feel a special charm in the aftertaste of humming-"Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-centered"; "Why disadvantage to wide? Bring enough mattresses "and so on. When readers read such a poem, they may be suddenly enlightened, explain some puzzling contradictions in their past lives, and face the kaleidoscope of life with a calm and broad mind. Tao's poems are light and elegant, beautiful in appearance, vulgar and elegant, which are also reflected incisively and vividly in the poems of Migration. [ 1]

Secondly,

The predecessors' comments on Tao were all bland, and they also said that "any poem that belittles the ancient times must have profound words and simple principles, thinking that the bones are immortal" (Shi Buhua's Poems of Your Servant). Tao Yuanming was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, where metaphysical poetry prevailed for a hundred years. "It makes sense, but it's actually boring" is a poetic fashion. Therefore, bone is not difficult to make sense, but plain, and its value lies in lightness, not dryness, but quality and reality. It can transform profound and simple philosophy into sincere and broad-minded family, and seek natural pleasure in life from the troubles of pastoral cultivation. Try reading the second paragraph of Tao's poem "Second Movement" and you will know this meaning. Tao Yuanming abandoned Peng and returned to Chaisangli in 405 AD. Four years later, his old house caught fire. In 408 AD (the seventh year of Yixi), he moved to Nancun, Li Nan, at the age of 47. The whole poem writes the joy of self-satisfaction with the pen of self-freedom, and strings the trivial events of neighborhood obedience in daily life into a flowing stream. The first two sentences, "It's a fine day in spring and autumn, climb high and write new poems", are implicitly derived from the end of the first poem, "Appreciating the strangeness, writing strangeness and analyzing doubts". The articles are disjointed, cleverly connected and natural. Starting with the word "Spring and Autumn", this paper summarizes the whole article, indicating that what is described in the poem is not the "accidental true interest" (Xie Zhen's Poem Four Styles), but the common fun in life all year round. Whenever it is sunny in spring or cloudy in autumn, it has always been cited as an elegant victory by literati. For Tao Yuanming, after the Chaisang fire, he moved to Nancun, and he was even more gratified to own this place. Mountain climbing is not only a good day in the spring and autumn period, but also a day of slack farming. This is a busy season. For a scholar-bureaucrat who is leisurely all day, this is by no means interesting, not to mention those "simple-hearted people" and * * * in the same village who enjoy new poems together. Therefore, the literati's sense of elegance and vulgarity has an unusual significance in this poem. These two sentences are meaningful, but they are inadvertently revealed. Although it is impossible to describe the scenery in words, the scenery in Gao Shuang is so beautiful that it is worth appreciating, and the poet's expression is super broad, just like now. Moving to Nancun has both the pleasure of climbing mountains and reciting poems and the pleasure of drinking with neighbors: "If you cross the door, you will be more popular. If you have wine, you will count." These two sentences have nothing to do with the previous events, but if you understand the poetry of wine tasting, these four sentences seem acceptable. You don't need to make a phone call at the door, and you don't need to make a phone call at the invitation between literati. Attitude is rural, more casual. Shouting, not worrying about manners, simple tone, but seeing the truth of family. The meaning of "calling each other" may be that neighbors have wine and deliberately invite poets to drink; It may also be that the poet invited his neighbor to drink when he had wine, or that the neighbor visited and considered it together when he had wine to enjoy new poems. Du Fu said, "Do you want to call my old neighbor and shout over the fence to empty the jar? "("Guests Arrive ")" Tell that woman to open a big bottle and put it in a basin to get it for me. ..... rude command, I didn't feel ugly in the countryside. " All kinds of realms can be appreciated in these two sentences of Tao's poems, so the more subtle they are. Of course, people don't drink and have fun all day. They are usually busy with farming, and when they get together in their leisure time, they feel endless interest: "When they are busy with farming, they go to their respective homes and miss each other in their leisure time. Acacia wears clothes and laughs endlessly. " Buy each other a drink if you have wine, and go home if you have something to do. In this small south village, the relationship between people is very real and sincere. "Going home separately" originally refers to farming at home during busy farming, but it is literally linked with the last sentence about drinking, with the same meaning, giving people the impression that drinking is scattered and farming is busy. This is better than the first four sentences, using the coherence between sentences, from the time sequence and poetic internal relations, the common trivial things in daily life can be easily integrated into a whole. This sentence not only resisted the drinking in the previous sentence, but also led to the acacia in the next sentence. Go home when you are busy, miss you when you are free, and miss you again. It seems that calling the door means repetition, leading to a cycle. "Acacia Wearing Clothes" deliberately uses the common thimble pattern of folk songs, emphasizing this repetition, because the repetition of syllables makes the brushwork more fluent and free. This repetitive composition is very common in China's poems, such as Su Wushi, Nineteen Ancient Poems of Northwest Tall Buildings and Nineteen Ancient Poems. Among them, there is the charm of singing praises because of overlapping cycles and doing their best. Tao Yuanming doesn't have to repeat the rules and regulations, but only uses the meaning of circle to form the reciprocating rhyme, which is exactly what he took from the French and Han people and is original. Besides, this is not a simple repetition, but a poetic deepening. Drinking at home can only show the truth of your feelings, and only when you are idle can you see the depth of your friendship. Put on clothes, it can be seen that even if you are asleep, you can always recruit each other. After meeting each other, you can talk and laugh, which will make poetry go further. If the relationship between the door and the neighbors shows that the communication between poets and villagers is not limited by empty rituals, then it shows that their party time is not limited by vulgar etiquette. Therefore, writing the simple friendship between the poet and his neighbors to the extreme will also pour out the natural joy of rejecting hypocrisy. At this time, poetry reached its climax, and then naturally lamented that "this principle will be invincible and invincible": Isn't this kind of fun better than anything else? Don't leave here in a hurry! These two sentences buckle the topic of migration, write down the desire to live here for a long time, and also summarize the joy of submission mentioned above. We don't say "this joy", we say "this truth" because there is truth in joy, and we realize the philosophy of life that nature is above all else from the pleasure of ease. On the surface, this quick and self-sufficient pleasure embodies the principle of nature, which is no different from the metaphysical view of nature of ordinary aristocratic literati in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Xizhi said in the preface to the Lanting Collection: "The lady's phase has been pitching all her life, or talking about a room arm in arm; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When it is happy with what it meets, it is temporarily self-sufficient I didn't know that old age was coming. " It seems that it can also be used to explain the true interest of the second part of Tao Yuanming's migration. But both of them are the joy of "harmony with people" and the joy of meeting people, and their essence and expression are very different. The gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty prided themselves on their nobility and superior social status. They ate and kept in good health every day, talked about Hyunri and met people at banquets and gatherings. For a time, they were aristocratic families and celebrities. The temporary pleasure of sightseeing is nothing more than doing nothing and pretending to be elegant; The Hyunri they placed seems unfathomable, but in fact it is just a parasitic philosophy of emptiness and laziness. Although Tao Yuanming's view of nature is still based on metaphysics, his interest in nature is to get rid of the false and dirty dust net and regard the countryside as a paradise to return to nature. The people he associates with are simple and hardworking farmers and like-minded neighbors; Hyunri, entrusted by him, is simple and lively, which is the true meaning of life he realized after he personally participated in agricultural labor. Therefore, at the end of this poem, the second sentence is "suddenly follow the farming, work hard to get enough food and clothing, and enjoy it for the first time." It is easy to be under-served, so you can be happy for a long time, so you can warn yourself that there is no harm at first, but you can correct the abnormality with a pen "(Zhang Yugu's Appreciation of Ancient Poetry). Finally, it is pointed out that the root of natural pleasure lies in hard work, which is the core of Tao Yuanming's view of nature. "Life belongs to the Tao, and food and clothing are solid. What do you mean, don't camp, but seek self-protection? " The poet believes that only through productive labor and self-sufficient food and clothing can we enjoy quiet natural scenery, pure human friendship and understand the highest Hyunri-the way of nature. This theory of "nature is promising", which advocates intensive cultivation, is in direct opposition to the theory of "natural inaction" of the gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is the product of Tao Yuanming's criticism and transformation of the gentry's metaphysics with the simple materialistic world outlook of small producers. This poem begins with joy and ends with diligence, interspersed with farming. Although Syaraku is the main theme, exploration is the main theme in the end, and composition and poetry complement each other. However, there is no trace of axe luck. The whole article lists the rambling events in daily communication, which runs through the natural joy, full of romance, ups and downs, intermittent and unprovoked, fluent in language and profound in meaning, so it seems dull and slow, but in fact it is very natural and muddy. It can be seen that poetry is based on reason, and the noblest person should be one who is good at changing reason in emotion. At the turn of the Jin and Song Dynasties, the mysterious wind was blazing, and most poets could talk about it. Most of the elements in landscape poems have been criticized by later generations, and Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are full of reasoning works, which have won a high reputation. The reason is that the landscape poems just separated from metaphysical poems are mostly based on nature, and the reason is redundant in words; Tao poetry, on the other hand, can be reasoned with emotion, rational and unreasonable, interesting beyond pen and ink, and revealing true feelings in images. This calm and natural state has set a high artistic standard for future generations. [3]