What is "atheism"? What is "theism"? What's the difference between them? I hope to give a more detailed answer with information and indicate the source of the information.

(1) What is atheism?

The basic explanation of Baidu Encyclopedia is atheism, denying gods, ghost superstitions and religious gods. The theory of learning is a philosophy that believes that there is no God or soul. Atheism in history generally advocates rationality and science, opposes ignorance, idealism, spiritual bondage of traditional religion, and eulogizes human dignity and self-justification. Generally speaking, materialists are also atheists. Today, atheism generally refers to the complete denial of the existence of any supernatural or non-physical soul.

The basic explanation of Online Xinhua Dictionary: atheism, denying all religious beliefs and the existence of ghosts and gods; Contrary to the view that there is a God outside the material world, it dominates everything in the world and the fate of mankind. Its theoretical basis is materialism. Marx's thought reveals the secret of the emergence and development of religious theism, and gives a scientific explanation of the essence, origin and extinction of religion.

(2) What is "theism"?

The basic explanations of "Baidu Encyclopedia" are as follows: ①theisμμ comes from the Greek word "theos", which means "God"; Discuss the teachings of God. Due to the different interpretations and understandings of God, the "Theos" in the thoughts of Christians and Protestants no longer refers to the ancient Greek god, but refers to the "theos" of the sole creator. (2) China's "God" refers to "God causes all things", which is quite similar to theism. However, the evolution of later generations makes the meanings of "God" and "God" very different: some people think that "Five Emperors" and the sun, moon and stars are both "gods"; The sacrificial law in the Book of Rites holds that "mountains and rivers, valleys and Yueling Mausoleum can show clouds, which are storms and monsters, and they are all called gods"; Southern songs call people gods after death. "Cohesion" is even called "the unexpected of Yin and Yang". This is what the word "theism" means.

The basic explanation of Online Xinhua Dictionary is the theory that there are supernatural gods outside the material world. It is the theoretical basis of all religious and theological theories. Generally, when clans and tribes were formed, the concept of God appeared. There are various gods in primitive society and society, while slave society and slave society form monotheism.

(3) The emergence of atheism in China.

From the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the handmaiden system experienced a profound crisis, and the handmaiden system began to change to the feudal system. Under this historical condition of movement, chaos and change, people are more disrespectful to heaven, do not believe in ghosts and gods, and attach importance to personnel, thus forming a tide of atheism from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period.

(1) disrespect for the emperor. The Book of Songs contains rich materials that slaves and servants were "fearless" and cursed God in this period. People who don't respect God naturally don't believe in fate.

Don't believe in ghosts and gods. People sincerely prayed to God for rain, but Almighty God didn't come. The jade used for sacrifice has been used up, but there is no god to listen to the people's requests. Divination superstition and fear of ghosts and gods were almost the axis of ideology in Yin and Zhou Dynasties. But by the end of the western weekend and the beginning of the spring and autumn, this ideology began to disintegrate.

③ Pay attention to people. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, people denied the rule of God, put forward the idea of people-oriented and emphasized the role of people. An important content of atheism is to deny the role of God and affirm the role of man. The idea of despising ghosts and gods, valuing people's hearts, and emphasizing that things are human beings' mistakes is a blow to theism and has a positive role in promoting ideological understanding.

(4) China's outstanding atheist.

In various periods of China, many outstanding atheists emerged. There were famous atheists such as Xunzi and Han Fei in the pre-Qin period.

Philosophically, Xunzi is a simple materialist. On the relationship between heaven and man, Xunzi opposed the theory of destiny and superstition of ghosts and gods, affirmed that "heaven always exists, not for the existence of Yao, not for the death of Jie", that is, the law of natural operation is independent of human consciousness, advocated the division between heaven and man, believed that heaven has "duty" and man has "division", and put forward "controlling life and using it" and "harmony". It not only shows the irresistible force of law, but also emphasizes the need to give full play to people's subjective initiative. Han Fei developed Xunzi's atheism, and on the basis of denying the existence of ghosts and gods, he further opposed the "Shinto teaching".

On the basis of materialistic view of nature, Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty criticized the divination and knowledge of heaven and man, and denied religious superstitions such as human death as ghosts with materialistic view of form and spirit. He established the most systematic and complete atheism system in ancient China.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Fan Zhen demonstrated the materialistic immortal theory of the unity of form and spirit, and profoundly criticized the Buddhist immortal theory supported by unification, assembly and regiment at that time.

Zhang Zai in Song Dynasty, Wang Tingxiang in Ming Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi, Xiong Bolong and Wang Qingren in Qing Dynasty all criticized religious superstition and deepened and developed atheism. The bourgeoisie, the masses and the main faction in modern times absorbed the western enlightenment thought and natural science, linked the struggle against religious theism with traditional fate, feudalism, reforming the people and the main faction, and put forward the idea of "breaking religion first, making all beings equal, and" reforming the sky ",which showed the fighting tradition of atheism and developed China's atheism to a new height.

(5) The emergence of western atheism.

Western atheism originated from the materialism philosophy of ancient Greece. Ancient Greek enlightenment thinkers opposed traditional religions and put forward materialistic world outlook and enlightenment atheism.

(6) Marxist scientific atheism

Atheism before Marx's thought and atheism in modern western philosophy have played a positive role in opposing religion, breaking superstition, releasing thoughts, understanding nature and understanding life. However, due to their historical and hierarchical limitations and social and historical idealism, they can't scientifically explain the essence of religion and its social and social roots. Only Marx's atheism answered these questions scientifically. Marx, Engels and Engels further discussed the social and social basis of religion from Feuerbach's viewpoint of alienation between man and the religious world. They found that religion, as an inverted world view, is rooted in an inverted world behind it, that is, a society in which people exploit others and others oppress others. They pointed out that simply criticizing religion cannot overcome religious alienation, and only by further eliminating the social system, degree and social conditions that produce religious alienation can religious alienation be overcome. As a result, Marx and Engels turned from criticizing religion to criticizing politics, governance, law and society, and from rationalism enlightenment atheism to dialectical materialism and historical materialism scientific atheism. Lenin inherited and developed the religious views of Marx and Engels in an all-round way, and on this basis, formulated a set of lines and policies for Marx and Engels' political parties to treat religion. Marx's scientific atheism is a scientific summary of all kinds of atheism in history.

(7) What is the difference between atheism and theism?

The differences have been described above. In short, atheism is materialistic, scientific and rational! And theism is idealism, ignorance and superstition!

(8) The future is an era of scientific atheism! And stupid theism will disappear completely!

(Quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia)