Lantern Festival comes in a hurry! ! ! !

Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a Lantern Festival, which brought people into the hustle and bustle of the fifteenth day of the first month. The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar. The ancients called the night "Xiao", so they called the fifteenth day of the first month the Lantern Festival. The fifteenth day of the first month is the night of the first full moon in a year and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. On the night of Spring Festival, people celebrate this festival and the continuation of the Spring Festival.

The 15th day of the first month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China, also known as Shangyuan Festival and Lantern Festival. About the origin of the Lantern Festival, there are generally the following four statements:

? The first statement is related to Taoism. ?

According to Taoism, among the "three officials" of heaven, earth and water, the heavenly official was born on the 15th day of the first month, the local official was born on the 15th of July, and the water official was born on the 15th of October, so it is called Shangyuan Festival on the 15th of the first month, Zhongyuan Festival on the 15th of July, and Xiayuan Festival on the 15th of October. Lantern Festival originated in the Western Han Dynasty when the emperor offered sacrifices to Taiyi God. "Historical Records Le Shu" contains: "Han people often sacrifice Taiyi Ganquan on the first day of the first month, and sacrifice it when they are unconscious at night until the end of the Ming Dynasty." "Taiyi", also known as "Taiyi", has been regarded as the god who dominates everything since the pre-Qin period. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs of the Eastern Emperor Taiyi" describes the folk custom of sacrificing Taiyi at that time. Song Yu, a contemporary poet of Qu Yuan, also described the Chu people's sacrifice to Taiyi in Gao Tang Mi: "There are noble people ... whoever worships ghosts and gods, the ceremony is Taiyi." This custom spread to the Han Dynasty, when the imperial court offered sacrifices to Taiyi on Shangyuan Festival, and the whole city was decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations all night, forming the Lantern Festival.

? The second view is that the origin of Lantern Festival is related to the Han generals Zhou Bo and Chen Ping's efforts to pacify the roads. ?

According to records, after the death of Emperor Liu Ying of the Western Han Dynasty, his mother, Lv Zhi, usurped the throne, and the imperial clan of Lu dominated the state affairs. After Lv Zhi's death, Zhou Bo, Chen Ping and others joined forces to destroy Zhu Lu in 180 BC, and made Liu Heng emperor, that is, Chinese Emperor. Because the day when ibis was leveled was the 15th day of the first month, every night Emperor Wendi would come out to play in the palace and celebrate with the people. In ancient times, the "first month" was also called "January" and "night" was also called "night", so the Chinese Emperor designated the fifteenth day of the first month as the Lantern Festival. Later, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty enacted the taichu calendar Law, the Lantern Festival was listed as a major festival.

? In the third way, the origin of the Lantern Festival was moved to Liu Zhuang, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. ?

Liu Zhuang loved Buddhism and was the first emperor interested in Buddhism in the history of China. In order to admire Buddhism, he ordered "burning lanterns to show Buddha" on the fifteenth day of the first month, symbolizing the light of Buddhism. Therefore, all gentlemen and ordinary people hang lanterns on the fifteenth night of the first month. "Shiji Yuan" records that Jin Wu was in charge of the curfew in Chang 'an, the capital of western Han Dynasty, and "Xiao Yun called for a ban on night walking". Only on the fifteenth night of the first month, the emperor granted Wu Jin a concession to relax the ban and even allowed people to watch the lights on the moon the day before and the day after. This is the origin of "Jin Wu can't help it" written in many places during the Lantern Festival.

? The fourth story is that Dong Fangshuo cheated the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. This statement is the most legendary. ?

This legend is related to the custom of eating Yuanxiao: According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a favorite named Dong Fangshuo, who was kind and funny. One winter, it snowed heavily for several days, and Dong Fangshuo went to the Imperial Garden to fold plum blossoms for Emperor Wu. As soon as I entered the garden gate, I found a maid-in-waiting in tears ready to throw herself into the well. Dong Fangshuo rushed forward to help and asked her why she committed suicide. It turns out that this maid-in-waiting is named Yuanxiao, and there are parents and a sister at home. She has never seen her family since she entered the palace. Every spring comes, I miss my family more than usual. I think in front of my parents, I would rather die than be filial. Dong Fangshuo expressed deep sympathy for her suffering and assured her that she would try her best to reunite with her family.

One day, Dong Fangshuo left the palace and set up a divination pavilion on Chang 'an Avenue. Many people are scrambling to find him for divination. Unexpectedly, what everyone wants is the signature of "burning us on the 16th day of the first month". Suddenly, there was a panic in Chang 'an. People are looking for a solution to the disaster. Dong Fangshuo said, "On the 13th night of the first month, Vulcan will send a goddess in red to visit the earth. She is the messenger who ordered the burning of Chang 'an. I'll give you the copied poem and let the emperor do something. " Say that finish, then dropped a red pillar and roared off. The people picked up the red post and quickly sent it to the palace to report to the emperor.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took it and read: "Chang 'an is robbing, and the imperial palace is being burned. It has been burning for fifteen days, and the midnight snack is red." He was so scared that he hurriedly invited resourceful Dong Fangshuo. Dong Fangshuo thought for a moment and said, "I heard that Vulcan likes to eat dumplings. Don't Yuanxiao in the palace often make dumplings for you? Let Yuanxiao package jiaozi on 15th night. Long live the incense and offerings, and order every family in Kyoto to pack jiaozi and worship Vulcan together. Then tell the subjects to hang lights together on the fifteenth night and set off firecrackers and fireworks all over the city, as if the whole city were on fire, so that the jade emperor could be fooled. In addition, the people outside the city were informed that they would go to the city to watch the lights on the fifteenth night, and they would eliminate disasters and solve problems in the crowd. Liang Wudi was very happy after hearing this, so he ordered him to do it according to Dong Fangshuo's method.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, Chang 'an City was decorated with colorful lights, crowded with tourists and very lively. The parents of the maid-in-waiting Yuanxiao also took their sister to the city to see the lights. When they saw the big palace lantern with the words "Yuanxiao" written on it, they shouted in surprise: "Yuanxiao! Lantern Festival! " When Yuanxiao heard the shouts, she was finally reunited with her relatives at home.

After such a busy night, Chang 'an was safe. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed and ordered that glutinous rice balls should be made for Vulcan every year on the fifteenth day of the first month. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the whole city was decorated with lanterns and set off fireworks. Because jiaozi cooked by Yuanxiao is the best, people call it Yuanxiao, and this day is called Lantern Festival.

In foreign countries, Lantern Festival is also called "Lantern Festival". On the evening of the 15th day of the first month, people in China have a series of traditional folk activities, such as watching lanterns, eating glutinous rice balls, eating Yuanxiao, solve riddles on the lanterns and setting off fireworks.