What hieroglyphs are still used in China?

Dongba characters are the only hieroglyphics still in use in the world.

Dongba script is the script of Naxi nationality in Lijiang area, which belongs to the pictographic ideographic script type, including pictographic characters, knowing characters, indicating characters, pictophonetic characters and phonetic characters. The total number of characters is about 1600.

The ideographic method mainly uses one word or several words to express a sentence, from left to right and from top to bottom. This kind of writing was produced about 1 1 century ago. This is a very primitive hieroglyph. Judging from the development of writing form, it is even more primitive than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and belongs to the early form of writing origin. The earliest symbol images were painted on wood and stone. It was not until the invention of paper that these symbol images were written on paper and became Dongba classics. Dongba is called Dongba because it has mastered this kind of writing.

Dongba culture refers to the ancient Naxi culture, named after its preservation in Dongba religion. Dongba culture is a unique national culture in Naxi nationality, which is based on Dongba religion, an ancient religion of Naxi nationality, and mainly recorded by the scriptures used by Dongba religion. Dongba culture was formed in the Tang and Song Dynasties and has a history of nearly a thousand years.

Dongba religion of Naxi nationality is a natural religion in the transitional period from primitive form to civilized form, and it firmly believes in animism. It is a religion developed under the influence of Naxi local culture-witchcraft culture and Tibetan "benzene" religion introduced into Lijiang later. Dongba religion has no temples and religious organizations, but it has rich and colorful religious ceremonies. The primitive religious culture of Naxi nationality is rich in connotation, covering the whole ancient history and culture of Naxi nationality. Dongba, also known as Naxi hieroglyphics, was born out of primitive hieroglyphics. Naxi language is called "Silu", which can be literally translated as "wood trace and stone trace". It has two meanings: first, it refers to "traces left on wood and stone"; The second is "the trace of wood and stone", which can also be extended to "painting wood and stone", that is, painting objects and images as a tool for recording and communication.

Every image symbol in Dongba has its established lines and brushwork, which forms the concept of fixed reference, and a symbol represents a word. At present, each symbol has 1400, which is a precious cultural heritage. Because it is still in use today, it is considered as "the only living hieroglyph in the world at present". Scriptures written in Dongba hieroglyphics are mainly used for reading Dongba Dojo. There are a vast number of Dongba classics, with more than 20,000 volumes of Dongba classics and documents 1500. Among them, there are more than 1000 Dongba classics, which can be roughly divided into: offering sacrifices to heaven, Dragon Boat Festival, gods, ancestors, exorcising ghosts, eliminating disasters, offering sacrifices to the wind, divination and so on. Widely involved in astronomy, geography, religious philosophy, myths and legends, folk customs, known as the ancient Naxi "encyclopedia." Among the Dongba classics, there are three famous epics: The Creation Epic Chong Ban Tu, the War Epic The Battle of Black and White and the Love Epic Bai Lu Green Laura.

The oldest souvenir symbol that can be seen now is the symbol carved on pottery, which was found on the Yangshao cultural site formed 6000 years ago. The original Wen Tao can't be used to record sentences, but can only be regarded as the embryonic form of words. The earliest systematic writing is bronze inscriptions collected by Shang clients in bronzes and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which can be used for divination in tortoise shells and animal bones. Dongba script is somewhat similar to this kind of script.

There are four ways to create characters in ancient China: pictographic characters, ideographic characters, knowing characters and pictophonetic characters. Ideographic characters copy the basic features and outlines of objects, but omit unimportant details. At the beginning of word formation, the shape of a word has a certain relationship with the meaning it represents. With the passage of history, the shape and meaning of this word are constantly developing and changing. Dongba hieroglyphics still preserved by Naxi nationality are the only hieroglyphics handed down by Naxi nationality and still widely used today, but they are more vivid and vivid.

It is said that Ding Bashiro, the ancestor of Naxi nationality, "holds the bamboo pen sent by Golden Deer, bathes in the inspiration brought by bluebirds, observes the round curve of Kuixing, observes the images of turtles and birds, and combines them into characters", which is the hieroglyphic-Dongba characters that are still widely used in Naxi people's lives today. Born out of the original picture writing, Naxi language is called "Lu research", which means "painting wood with wood and stone with stone". At present, the known symbol 1400 is the only hieroglyphic in the world. It is simple, vivid, rough and exaggerated, and some words can understand the general meaning it represents at a glance. The old Dongba people cut bamboo into bamboo pens, dipped in Dongba ink made of pine oil and glue, and wrote tens of thousands of volumes of Dongba scriptures in Dongba hieroglyphics on Dongba paper made of wood fibers unique to Naxi people. The long and narrow pages are bound into a book. The classics of this kind of shoes are immortal on paper for a hundred years, and the ink will not fade, and the paper will not be eaten by insects, because the papermaking fiber is slightly toxic.

Naxi people speak Naxi language, but they can't write Dongba characters, because Dongba characters are only qualified for learning, and Dongba is the "priest" of Naxi people. Dongba characters are vivid in form, and some characters are painted in color, just like a colorful picture. Naxi ancestors used it to record Naxi people's meditation on the universe, their explanation of the origin of mankind, their reverence for ghosts and gods, and their myths and legends. They are simple and full of philosophy, which have become the carrier and spiritual home of Naxi culture inheritance and the soul portrayal of ancient human civilization.

In Naxi language, the natural number of Dongba characters is "Lu research", which means "wood and stone mark" or "see wood painting wood, see stone painting stone", so it is a typical hieroglyphic. From the above legend, we can also see that there are 1400 known symbols at present, and these symbols are all based on original drawings and characters. Authorities at home and abroad generally believe that it is the only remaining hieroglyph in the world and a precious cultural heritage.

Dongba characters seem to be one of the earliest impression paintings, which are exaggerated, bold, simple, generalized and vivid, like a series of smooth and agile notes. Dongba people of Naxi nationality cut bamboo into bamboo pens, wrote tens of thousands of volumes of Dongba scriptures on a kind of wood fiber with pine smoke and glue ink, and some hieroglyphs were colored. They recorded the Naxi ancestors' meditation on the life of the universe, their exploration of the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth, and their simple and philosophical explanation of the origin of all things.

Dongba people use a local kind of wood fiber "paper" to write Dongba scriptures, which have been dyed bronzed by years, and the long and narrow pages are bound into a book. A piece of paper full of stories about the sun, the moon and birds, animals, fish and insects in Sichuan. The language of heaven, vast and ancient beauty.

With the development of Naxi society and the mutual influence of national culture, some Dongba in Lijiang created Gebawen in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Geba means disciple, Gebawen is a character created by Dongbashro descendants, and Gebawen is the transformation and development of Dongba. Naxi people created two ancient Chinese characters, which are still in use today. They are not only precious historical materials to solve the mystery of human writing, but also one of the ideal fonts to enrich and develop China's traditional calligraphy and seal cutting. Dongba characters are known as the only complete "living hieroglyphics" in the world. It is one of the oldest hieroglyphs in the world and a "living fossil" of the origin and development of human social characters.