The History of Achang Nationality —— The Ghost Worship of Achang Nationality

Most Achang people in Hehe and Luxi areas believe in ghosts and gods. In their concept, there is no obvious difference between god and ghost. They believe that the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, boulders, strange trees and so on all have souls, and all kinds of ghosts and gods contain superhuman strength. However, there is a difference between good and evil. Evil spirits have magic power, which can cause diseases, harm people, livestock and poultry.

Such as sun ghost, moon ghost, lion ghost, wolf ghost, caterpillar ghost, rattan ghost, hungry ghost and so on. They are all evil spirits. When people mention these evil spirits, some people will turn pale at the mention of them, while others will hate them. People are superstitious about the ghosts of the sun and the moon. "Bite, there will be eye pain; Being "bitten" by Fujiko ghosts will lead to sores; Caterpillar. Bite down, the whole body is red; Being bitten by a pipa ghost will cause abdominal pain. Pipa. Take a bite. " The children will die. Animals are often haunted by wolves. "Bite down, will harm the plague, the plague will spread throughout the village, all livestock will die of the plague; If you are bitten by a wild mountain god, your hands will freeze and wait. The main way to avoid disaster is to sacrifice some food and burn paper money for the ghosts and gods concerned. Whether it is valid or not, and then only ask the parties.

Good ghosts can protect people from disasters and bring them wealth and happiness. For example, "list" ghosts can help others make money. In the valley period, "there are abundant grains, mountain gods protect the growth of crops in mountains and rivers, ghosts can make crops grow sturdily, and catching ghosts can help people catch prey, but" good ghosts. Kindness is also absolute. He offended. You'll get bitten, too.

When Achang ancestors can't explain the forces and phenomena of nature, they will worship these evil souls and kind souls. They try to exorcise evil and worship good, but at the same time they are afraid or disgusted with good. Ask evil souls to reward good souls and pray for their blessings to calm their troubles. People slaughter animals regularly or irregularly every year and prepare sacrifices such as wine, meat and rice when celebrating festivals, natural disasters or accidents. For example, in Lianghe area, lion lanterns are played several times a year to drive away wolves and ghosts that hurt cattle and horses.

The hosts of the primitive religious sacrifices of the Qiang people are Mo Tao, soothsayers and Zhang Cha.