Ancient history. Briefly describe the main manifestations of social and economic development in Shang Dynasty.

Social Economy and Culture of Shang Dynasty

1. Development of agricultural production

Agriculture is the main production sector of commercial society. The tools used at that time were stone tools, mussels and bone tools. A large number of stone sickles and clam sickles were found at Erligang site in Zhengzhou. In addition, more than 400 stone sickles were found in the palace area of Yin Ruins. Bronze farm tools were also found. Not many, of course. But this means that the tools have improved. Hundreds of grain pits were found in the ruins of Yin Ruins. During this period, the output of wine was very large, and there were many records in ancient literature. (Jiu Hao Shangshu)

2. The high development of bronze craft Simuwu Fang Ding and others made exquisite bronzes.

3. Animal husbandry

Animal husbandry played an important role in Shang Dynasty. There are many kinds of domestic animals, such as pigs, cows, sheep, horses, dogs and chickens. In addition, there are also records of hunting in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, such as "hunting, you get fifty or sixty birds and deer", "Ding Mao hunting, 162 bird friends, 140 birds and ten deer, one ambition" and so on. Many animals are used for sacrifice, sometimes the number of animals used is as high as 300 or even thousands of cows. These are the reflections of the rapid development of animal husbandry.

Step 4 Handicrafts

It has three characteristics: many departments, fine division of labor and fine production. The pottery industry is famous for producing painted pottery and white pottery. The textile industry has silk, clothes, towels and other silk and linen fabrics. There is also the earliest jacquard fabric in the world, which shows the advanced silk weaving technology in Shang Dynasty.

The most prominent thing is the manufacturing technology of bronzes. In Zhengzhou and Anyang, he found a large-scale copper smelting workshop site.

5. Business

"Jiu Hao in Shangshu" contains: The Duke of Zhou once mentioned that "bringing cattle to serve Jia and raising the mother of Jue Wen with filial piety". These people are businessmen engaged in long-distance trafficking. There were real shells and copper shells. "Peng" is the unit of shellfish. The inscriptions include "Wang Shiyou" and so on. Shells are not only a medium of exchange, but also a symbol of wealth.

6. Words

Oracle Bone Inscriptions comes from the divination custom. The wind of divination dates back to Longshan culture. Erlitou culture prevails. During the Shang Dynasty, divination became one of the means for slave owners to carry out religious anesthesia and maintain their rule. Shang Wang asked everything and was unfaithful every day. From state affairs to the private lives of the royal family, such as sacrifice, achievement, conquest, weather, blessing, hunting, illness and childbirth. Over the past 80 years, more than 160000 pieces of written Oracle bones have been unearthed in Yin Ruins, which have been recognized and transcribed as Chinese characters * * * 1723, while the illiterate ones are 2549 words, of which 37 1 word, more than 4000 words are counted as * *, and only/kloc-0 can be recognized. This is the first-hand precious historical data to study the history of Shang Dynasty.