Wang Mang usurped the throne and asked the people to use their own money for disaster relief and let the government reduce taxes.

After the Duke of Zhou was afraid of rumors, Wang Mang was humble and did not usurp the throne.

At first the body will die, and then who knows the truth of life.

Bai Juyi: Yan Fang

Wang Mang is the most famous careerist and schemer in the ancient history of China. He showed humility to win the favor of the government and the opposition; Being insatiable, he coveted the throne of the emperor from time to time. Once in power, he tore off his disguise and exposed his ambition to usurp power and steal the country. Quoting Bai Juyi's poems in a few words reveals Wang Mang's treacherous face, which is really a stroke in the Spring and Autumn Period.

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False humility needs real strength first.

Unexpectedly, in the second year of Ning, Emperor Han Yuan died of illness, and Ao succeeded to the throne as Emperor Han Cheng. Emperor Gaozu was the Empress Dowager, and his uncle Wang Feng was General Fufu, who was in power. The other six uncles have been given titles. My consort, Wang Jiayi, has become a prominent family that has never been seen since the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty!

During his twenty-six years in office, the regime was always in the hands of Wang's brother and uncle. At that time, the Wang brothers held important positions, and the family forces were intertwined. The central and local officials are party member of the Wangs. From ancient times to Qin and Han dynasties, the authority and aristocratic status of consorts have never been comparable to that of the Wangs. The Wang brothers compete with each other and do everything they can to pay bribes everywhere. Each of them has dozens of concubines, thousands of slaves, tall houses and big houses, and even belongs to Wang Mi. The children of the Wangs work harder. Either race horses or drink with prostitutes every day, but don't do anything serious. However, the Wangs, who have many playboys, are an exception. He is follwed, the son of Wang Man and the half-brother of the Queen Mother.

Wang Mang is Wang Man's second son. He died young and was the only brother of the Queen Mother who didn't have a surname of Hou. Wang Mang lost his father, and later his brother died. Compared with other cousins, he is lonely and poor. However, he doesn't seem to envy the luxurious life of his cousins, who are always frugal and polite. He is studious, knowledgeable, polite to friends and relatives, and lives the life of an ordinary Confucian scholar. For those uncles in power, Wang Mang fawned on them and tried his best to fawn on them. Especially for uncle Wang Feng, who is in charge of state affairs, follwed is more filial and considerate. When Wang Feng was ill, he stood guard day and night, tasted soup, and stayed naked in the moonlight for a few months, untidy. Wang Feng was deeply moved. Before he died, he recommended Wang Mang to the Empress Dowager and Emperor Han Chengdi. Soon, Wang Mang was appointed as Huang Menlang, and later he was promoted to the captain of Shooting Silver, and began his political career.

Wang Mang's character and talent are also praised by the world. At that time, celebrities such as Dai Chong and Jin She unanimously recommended him, and Emperor Hancheng became increasingly close to him. In the first year of Yong, Emperor Han Cheng named Wang Mang as the new capital Hou, appointed him as the assistant of Dr. Guanglu, the riding captain, and became the emperor's personal attendant. The higher the official position of Wang Mang, the more respected his behavior. All official income is used to send guests away, leaving his family with no surplus wealth. He has a wide range of celebrities and even has a bad relationship with his nephew's teachers and classmates. As a result, Wang Mang became famous and became a popular figure. At the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the ruling Wang Gen was seriously ill and recommended Wang Mang to succeed him. In the first year of Sui Dynasty, 38-year-old Wang Mang was promoted to Fu, who was in charge of state affairs.

Wang Mang is the fifth greatest fu of the Wangs, and the first four are his uncles. In order to make his reputation surpass his predecessors, Wang Mang imposed stricter restrictions on himself. He is diligent in politics and tireless, and accepts celebrities as his courtiers. He used all his salary to help poor Confucian scholars, but his life was extremely simple. Once, his mother was ill, and ministers' wives came to ask.

In March of the following year, Emperor Han Cheng died childless. His nephews Liu Xin and Tao Wang succeeded Aidi to the throne. Before he ascended the throne, he was dissatisfied with the power of the royal family. At this time, he inherited the throne, so he tried his best to crowd out Wang Mang. In July this year, Wang Mang had to leave his job due to illness. Two years later, he was forced to leave Chang 'an and return to his new fief capital, where he lived behind closed doors for three years.

Once every emperor is a courtier. After Eddie came to power, he ousted the Wangs one by one, and at the same time made his grandmother Fu Shi and his mother Shi Ding Hou Shangguan. There are six people in the Fu family and two in the Ding family. This moment is a pleasure.

When the erupting Fu and Ding couldn't wait to pursue power and wealth, Wang Mang tried to gain political prestige. In the last period of his administration, he passed the famous "land restriction order". In the first month of the following year, in the name of the Empress Dowager, he announced that all the land of the king would be given to the poor except the tomb, indicating that he took the lead in limiting the land, which was in sharp contrast to the resistance of Ding and Fu. When Wang Mang arrived in Xindu, he stayed at home and strictly controlled his children. His second son, Wang Mang, killed his slave, which is common in rich and powerful families, but Wang Mang not only scolded his son, but also made him commit suicide. This matter was widely circulated, and many people praised him for putting righteousness above family loyalty and self-denial. Wang Mang lived in Xindu for three years, and hundreds of officials complained to him. In the first year of Shou Yuan, there was a solar eclipse in the first month. Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty wrote a letter begging for sin, while Xiande and Song Chong wrote a letter praising Wang Mang's achievements. Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty had to recall Wang Mang to Chang 'an in the name of serving the Queen Mother, because the people were uneasy.

In June of the following year, 26-year-old Han Aidi died suddenly. At this point, the queen mother fu and queen mother ding have passed away. When the Queen Mother heard that Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty had died, she rushed to Weiyang Palace on the same day, accepted the imperial edict, and immediately summoned Wang Mang to the palace. Then she wrote to the imperial court, appointed Wang Mang as the head of the imperial army, presided over political affairs, and dismissed Dong Xian, the courtier of Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty. Dong Xian committed suicide at once.

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When Dong Xian died, Fu's position became vacant, and the Queen Mother issued a letter to the ministers or ministers to make public actions. Da Kong Guang, Da Peng Xuan and other ministers all think that Wang Mang is Fu, a close relative of the Queen Mother, and has a prominent reputation. They all recommended him. Therefore, follwed once again became a fu.

After the death of Emperor Ai, there were no children, and the Empress Dowager was in charge. Liu Kan, the cousin of Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty, was named Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty. Pingdi was only nine years old at that time, and the Queen Mother was in charge. However, at this time, the Queen Mother is seventy years old, and in fact, the power of state affairs is in the hands of Wang Mang. From then on, Wang Mang began to usurp the Han Dynasty world step by step.

The usurpation of the throne attracts people's hearts.

Wang Mang returned to power, fearing that the consorts of Emperor Han Cheng and Emperor Han Ai would come back to fight for power and profit, so he made excuses to force Empress Zhao of Emperor Han Cheng and Empress Fu of Emperor Han Ai to commit suicide one after another, and dismissed all officials from the DPRK and China, such as Fu and Ding, and drove them out of Chang 'an. Several of Wang Mang's uncles died, leaving only the youngest uncle, Hong Yang Hou Wang Li. Although Wang Li didn't hold a specific official position in the imperial court, after all, he was the younger brother of the Empress Dowager, so it was easy for him to make suggestions behind his back. Wang Mang thought he was an eyesore, so he asked his close friend Kong Guang to send away his old sin, forcing the Queen Mother to recall Wang Li to her fief and forbade him to interfere in state affairs.

While excluding dissidents, Wang Mang placed his cronies in the court. Wang Shun, Wang Yi, Zhen Feng, Han Zhen and Liu Xin. They are all their confidants, and Wang Mang made them big officials. Wang Mang took Kong Guang, a veteran of the Three Dynasties and a famous Confucian scholar, as prime minister and a teacher, nominally maki.

In the first month of Yuan Dynasty, Shang Yueshi sent messengers to Chang 'an to offer silver pheasants. Silver carp is a unique local specialty, especially precious. It is said that more than 0/000 years ago, when Duke Zhou assisted Zhou Chengwang, the Shang and Yue families also contributed a silver pheasant to the Zhou Dynasty. At the moment, Shang Yue's family brought the pheasant again. Didn't you say Wang Mang was the Duke of Zhou in the Han Dynasty? As a result, the ministers immediately made a sensation and praised Wang Mang in succession, saying that Wang Mang had made great contributions to the country and national security, and his achievements were comparable to those of Duke Zhou, so he should be named "Han Angong" and given a food city. Wang Mang wrote about Kong Guang, Wang Shun, Zhen Feng and Han Zhen. They should be rewarded, not me. Han Zhen wrote to Empress Wang Mang and asked for Wang Mang's letter, but Wang Mang refused again and again, so he pretended to be ill and refused to go to court. The queen mother proposed Kong Guang and other four people, and follwed continued to refuse. Ministers continued to jointly write a letter requesting the Queen Mother to seal follwed. The queen mother once again issued an imperial edict to increase the reward. Wang Mang reluctantly accepted the official title, but resolutely refused to accept additional fiefs for him, saying that he would wait until the people were full. He also suggested increasing the salary of officials, sealing the heroes of the Liu clan and the previous generation, and giving small favors to the people. History contains: "Respect the ancestral temple, increase rites and music;" Hui Shimin is few, and the government is exhausted. "

While pleasing civil and military officials and people, Wang Mang tried to further arbitrary state affairs. Knowing that the Queen Mother was old and tired of politics, he encouraged his cronies to persuade the Queen Mother to decentralize. Later, the Queen Mother issued an imperial edict stipulating that all political affairs except titles should be handled by Wang Mang and others. In this way, follwed gained authority similar to that of an emperor.

In April of the following year, there was a severe famine in North China. The first is drought, followed by locust plague. People went into exile and many people died. Wang Mang suggested to the Empress Dowager that the palace should be frugal. Then, he wrote a letter to the Queen Mother, and immediately gave him 30 hectares of land and10 million dollars for the court to help the victims. Under the impetus of Wang Mang, more than 230 officials and nobles also took out their own money for disaster relief. Wang Mang also sent many messengers everywhere, urging people to catch locusts. Give the locusts caught by ordinary people to the government, and the government will reward them according to the quantity. He also asked Emperor Han Ping to issue letters to exempt the poor and the victims from taxes. Where the victims die, the funeral expenses shall be paid, and if more than six people die, each person shall pay 5000 yuan; More than 4 people died, 4,000 yuan per household; Two or more people died, 2000 yuan per household. Wang Mang also insisted on not eating meat to show that he shared joys and sorrows with the people. In this way, Wang Mang's popularity among the people is even higher.

Wang Mang's authority and prestige are getting bigger and bigger, but he still has some shortcomings and wants to use his daughter as the queen to consolidate his power. So he suggested choosing a queen for Emperor Han Ping. The competent department submitted a pre-selection list, among which Wang was mostly female. Wang Mang was afraid that they would compete with her daughter and announced that her daughter would not stand for election. The queen mother believed it, and even wrote that the king's daughter belonged to my family, so there was no need to choose. Seeing that follwed is so self-effacing, people look for their daughters. Every day, more than 1000 people are waiting to write letters outside the palace gate, and doctors and officials have also expressed their positions in the court, unanimously demanding that Wang Mang's daughter be the queen. Wang Mang sent officials to persuade separately, but more and more people wrote letters. The queen mother had no choice but to choose follwed's daughter as the queen. Someone suggested that the land of the emperor's father-in-law Wang Mang be sealed, but Wang Mang refused. The dowry of the Queen should be 20,000 Jin of gold, while Wang Mang only received 4,000 Jin, of which 3,300 Jin was given to 1 1 concubine who was selected at the same time.

Wang Mang learned the lessons of Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty and Fu, and forbade his mother and uncle Wei Bao to wait in Chang 'an. His eldest son, Wang Yu, worried that he would be disgusted by Emperor Han Ping when he grew up, privately discussed countermeasures with his teacher Zhang Wu, his wife and his younger brother Lu Kuan. If you think Wang Mang is superstitious about ghosts and gods but doesn't listen to advice, you can play tricks to warn him, and then take the opportunity to persuade him to go back to the Wei government. Wang Yu thought it was a good idea, so he entrusted Lu Kuan to get some dog blood in the dark and sprinkle it in front of Wang Mang. I didn't expect the doorman to find out Follwed was furious and beheaded Zhang Wu and Lu Kuan. He was intolerant of his son and ordered Wang Yu to be poisoned. Wang Mang took the opportunity to kill the Wei family, and also implicated in killing many officials who opposed himself.

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In doing so, Wang Mang not only eliminated those who turned against him inside and outside the imperial court, but also won the reputation of "putting righteousness above family". In the summer of the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty, Taibao Wang Shun and other officials gathered 8,000 people to write a letter, calling An Hangong a humble corporal, putting righteousness above family members and assisting the young emperor. His achievements can only be compared with those of Yi Yin and Duke Zhou in ancient times, and he should be given the titles of Yi Yin and Duke Zhou, and the Duke Han of An should be named "Zaiheng". The queen mother agreed. Wang Mang's mother's name was Gong Xianjun, her son Wang An was named as the new Hou, Wang Lin was named as the reward Hou, and all the fields in Zhaoling, Xinxi and Xinye counties were given to Wang Mang. Wang Mang wrote this letter, and officials insisted on it again and again. As a last resort, Wang Mang accepted the title, but insisted on not accepting additional land.

Ministers saw that Wang Mang refused to accept the field and wrote in succession. In April of the fifth year of Zhiyuan, 487,572 people were written by officials and people. Many people in the royal family verbally applied to reward Wang Mang as soon as possible. "Taibao Wang Shun" also wrote: "Everyone in the world has heard about it. An Hangong was influenced by it because he was not given land by a big country and spent a lot of money. There was a man named Lu Jian in Shu County, who felt ashamed and took the initiative to drop the lawsuit and ask for property. This can be compared with the story of ancient Zhou Wenwang calming the dispute between the two countries and should be announced to the world. " Wang Mang said, "I have to leave all the memorials behind so that I can have time to make music and achieve great things." After the job is done, I want to retire and go home, avoiding the road of being virtuous. Ministers said: "The Duke of Zhou has been regent for seven years, and the system has been set;" Today, the Han Palace has been in charge of state affairs for four years, and its reputation has spread far and wide. Yi Zaiheng is above the vassal king and rewards the gift of' Nine Tin'. " The queen mother agreed. In May, Wang Mang was given "Nine Tin", symbolizing that he surpassed his official position.

In the autumn of the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty, eight envoys sent by Wang Mang returned to Beijing one after another. They forged more than 30 thousand county decrees to praise Wang Mang's achievements. Wang Mang is very happy. He invited Liu Xin and Chen Chong to meet the Queen Mother in recognition of their contributions in governing the country and promoting education, and Liu Xin and Chen Chong were subsequently awarded military ranks.

Wang Mang not only exaggerates his "peace-making" rule of "there are no two masters in the city, no officials in prison, no thieves in the city, no hungry people in the city and no relics in the road", but also vigorously promotes the policy of appeasement and barbarism of "exploring Xiongnu in the north, crossing overseas in the east and aiding the Yellow River in the south". At that time, Wang Mang sent corps commander Ping Xian and others to induce Xiqiang to "give up the land and return to China" with a large number of gold coins. Pingxian inherited Wang Mang's idea, and tried his best to show Wang Mang's attraction to Siyi, and added his own contribution to the collection and fondling of Xihai County.

With the continuous improvement of status and honor, Wang Mang is not satisfied with all the state power he has.

It turned out that Emperor Han Ping was fourteen years old at this time, and he knew something. The more people praise Wang Mang, the more they think Wang Mang is hateful. Several of my uncles were killed, leaving only my mother, but they were not allowed to meet. Wang Mang was so cruel that Emperor Han Ping couldn't bear it, and often secretly complained. Unexpectedly, someone reported Wang Mang. Wang Mang was afraid that Emperor Han Ping would harm himself in the future, so he waited for an opportunity to kill him. One day in December, the monarch and his subjects held a banquet in the palace. Wang Mang presented a glass of Chili wine to Emperor Han Ping. Pindi didn't know that the wine was poisonous, so he drank it. The next day, news came from the palace that the emperor was seriously ill. Wang Mang exulted and looked sad on the surface. He imitated the behavior of the Duke of Zhou when he was ill in Zhou Chengwang, prayed to heaven, and expressed his willingness to replace the emperor with himself, and hid his prayers in synopsis of the golden chamber. He also hypocritically told the ministers to keep quiet. Wang Mang knows that this will not only harm himself, but also bring great benefits to himself. It can not only express the "loyalty" to the emperor to confuse the audience, but also skillfully use the conditions of the Duke of Zhou to remind the princes. Ping Di's condition will certainly not be alleviated by Wang Mang's "prayer". A few days later, Pingdi died in Weiyang Palace.

After pingdi died, he had no son. The queen mother called a meeting of ministers to establish a reserve army. At this time, the descendants of the Han and Yuan emperors were extinct. Only five great-grandchildren of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di were kings and 48 were princes. Ministers proposed to appoint one from five kings and Wang Zizhong. Wang Mang thought that these people were too old to manage, so he denied the opinions of ministers on the pretext that brothers could not inherit the throne from each other. He chose Liu Ying, who was only two years old, from Xuan Di's great-grandchildren, as the heir of Emperor Han Ping. He was called an obedient baby in history.

As soon as the heir to the throne was determined, there was public opinion that Wang Mang was the emperor. Divination superstition prevailed in the Western Han Dynasty. As early as when the Han Dynasty became emperor, Zhong Fang founded the Taiping Jing, the heavenly official Bao Liyuan who advocated "changing one's surname and being ordered". Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty was superstitious about this heresy, so he changed his name to "Emperor Taiping Chen" and staged a farce of being ordered to dismiss from office again for more than two months. With the rapid expansion of Wang Mang's power, some greedy people began to let Wang Mang become emperor again. First of all, all the suggestions put forward by Wang Mang as regent have not been implemented. At this time, Meng Ling of Wugong County reported that when he was digging a well, he got a white stone with a red letter on it: "Tell Han An Gong Mang to be emperor". Wang Mang was overjoyed and ordered the minister to report to the Queen Mother. The queen mother thought it was an incredible scam, but she was powerless to stop it. So she reluctantly issued an imperial edict, announcing that Wang Mang had taken over the affairs of the emperor, calling him the successor and moving to the first year of next year. Wang Mang usually receives his subjects to handle political affairs like an emperor, and only in front of the queen mother and the emperor can he restore his obedience.

Build a new dream.

Wang Mang has ulterior motives, and his ambition to usurp the Han family is increasingly exposed. Some people loyal to the royal family defected.

In April of the first year, Liu An was the first to rise. He said to his confidant, "Wang Mang's usurpation of power will endanger Liu. Everyone knows his treachery, but no one dares to object first. This is a disgrace to our Liu family! When I called on the world to punish this thief. " So, they assembled 100 people to attack Wancheng, but due to insufficient preparation and too few troops, they soon failed.

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After this incident, Wang Mang instructed the minister to write to the Queen Mother: "Liu Chong and others conspired against him because Wang Mang's power was too light, and he promised to seize power first before he could rule the world." In May, the Queen Mother issued a letter naming Wang Mang as the "fake emperor". In February of 65438, the ministers invited Han An Kung Fu as the studio and the bedroom as the holy land.

Wang Mang was too scared to eat when he heard the news. He held the obedient baby in his arms, prayed everywhere, and imitated Shangshu. Da Gao issued a declaration, claiming that he was only in power temporarily, and that he would definitely return power to obedient babies in the future, and sent officials to preach everywhere. At the same time, the troops were mobilized to meet Zhai Yi, Zhao Ming and Huohong respectively, and the Beijing Palace also sent troops to patrol day and night.

The first spring, Zhai Yi and others failed. Wang Mang was overjoyed. He gave a banquet in honor of the hero in the White Tiger Hall. At this time, Wang Mang is in power and the world is in power. We should take the imperial edict seriously. Rao Liuhou reported that Xin Dang, the head of Changxing Pavilion in Linzi, Qixian County, had several dreams overnight, in which an angel told him that "the emperor should be the real emperor"; Hu Yun, the rider, reported to the Eight Immortals that there was a Shi Niu engraved with the words "follwed is the emperor". This winter, a Confucian scholar named Zhang Ai, dressed in yellow, came to the temple of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and gave a copper box to the official in charge of the temple. There are two books in the copper box, one is called synopsis of the golden chamber, and the other is called the jade seal belongs to the yellow emperor. Among them, Liu Bang was called Chi Di and Wang Mang was called the Yellow Emperor. It is also said that Liu Bang inherited Wang Mang as the true son of heaven. This is destiny, and the Queen Mother should act according to it. It is stated in the book that there are eleven ministers who assisted Wang Mang, and their names are listed one by one. Eight of them are ministers closely related to follwed, and there are two fictional names, one is Wang Xinghe and Wang Sheng, and the other is Zhang Ai himself. The official in charge of the temple did not dare to neglect it and reported it quickly. Wang Mang, who has always been "modest", was not at all polite this time, and happily led the ministers to the temple to worship the copper box called "synopsis of the golden chamber". Then, he went to visit the Empress Dowager and explained that he would obey God's will and accept Zen as the emperor. Hearing this, the queen mother was dumbfounded. She just wanted to refute, follwed had already left. He put on the crown of the son of heaven, came to the front hall of Weiyang Palace, solemnly ascended the throne of the emperor, and announced his acceptance of Chi Di Liu Bang's abdication, that is, the real son of heaven. A group of snobbish bureaucrats immediately knelt on the ground to congratulate Wang Mang. Wang Mang ordered him to write down the paper and issue it to the world, changing the name of the country to "new" and taking the following year as the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Wang Mang acceded to the throne and named the obedient baby "Ding 'an Gong". The daughter of Emperor Han Ping was named "Queen Mother Ding 'an". When the reward was over, he personally took the obedient baby by the hand and said with tears, "In ancient times, the Duke of Zhou succeeded to the throne and finally returned the kingship to Zhou Chengwang. I intend to do the same, but fate is hard to decide and I can't give you the throne as I wish. " Say, with a sigh. What can a child know when he is five? It took a while to observe him carefully. Civil and military officials looked at this scene and wept in succession. Moved by what Wang Mang did? Or lament the decline of the Han family? Why? Who knows?

After the emperor was deposed, he was placed under house arrest, and even the wet nurse was not allowed to talk to him, so that even the six animals could not be recognized when he grew up. Liu Zongshi was also removed from the post of county magistrate and transferred to Beijing as a doctor, but he has no right to hold a post. However, "Wang Mang is still not extremely evil when the children of the Han family are imprisoned." Compared with the monarch who died, this is lucky.

Wang Mang also appointed eleven assistant ministers according to the list in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Needless to say, Wang Shun, Liu Xin and other trusted ministers all said that this down-and-out scholar has always been a rogue, and he was saddened by offering a copper box, so he was named "the general of the country" and ranked as "the fourth assistant". What is even more ridiculous is that Zhang Ai invented Wang Xing and Wang Sheng at will, and was later found in Chang 'an, and was also named as a general. Ranked among the "four generals". Wang Xingyuan is a small official guarding the gate of Chang 'an, and Wang Shengyuan sells cakes. Just because he was supposed to be "destined to return", he went all the way to worship the general. This is a great achievement! When Wang Mang became emperor, he sent Wang Shun to ask the Queen Mother for the country's imperial seal. The queen mother was very angry when she learned that Wang Mang had usurped the throne. At this time, as soon as she saw Wang Shun, she cursed loudly: "Your father and son, the Menghan family, have enjoyed several generations of wealth. Instead of trying to repay the kindness, they used the advantages of orphans to usurp and seize power. Acting like this, even pigs and dogs are inferior! Besides, Wang Mang's excuse is that he is in the golden chamber, he is the new emperor, and he is the imperial edict. What's the use of this national subjugation law? I am an old widow of the Han family. I'm dying. I want to be buried with this seal. Forget it! " Said, tears streaming down her face. The ladies on both sides also shed tears. Wang Shun also shed a few tears with him. After a long time, he looked up and said, "This matter ends here. No way. " If Wang Mang insists on spreading the imperial edict, can the Queen Mother not give it? "The queen mother was helpless, took out the decree, threw herself on the ground with great ferocity, and shouted," I am a dying man, and I know your brother will suffer from genocide! "

Wang Shun took the imperial seal and saved my life. Seeing that a corner of the decree had been broken, Wang Mang asked Wang Shun if it was broken by the Queen Mother. He had to send someone to repair it with gold, but in the end he left a missing mark.

While waiting for the imperial edict, Wang Mang inherited the dilapidated political situation in the late Western Han Dynasty. In order to alleviate the growing social contradictions, he continued to carry out his "orphan care system reform" and his subsidiary "Zhou Li". However, his reform thought and ambition for self-interest are often combined, which makes the content of reform very chaotic, intensifies social contradictions, and finally leads to the peasant uprising in the green forest. In the fourth year of the Emperor, Wang Mang's new dynasty was overthrown and he was beheaded.