For Qin Shihuang, it was the first emperor to unify the feudal dynasty of China. About his life experience and political career.

The mystery of Qin Shihuang's life experience

For thousands of years, there have been many stories about Qin Shihuang's success in politics. Among them, the most popular legend is that Qin Shihuang was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei, because there are similar records in authoritative historical books such as Historical Records and History as a Mirror, and the author of Hanshu even called Qin Shao Shi "Lv Zheng" directly, so later generations hold this view. The meaning of this sentence is that Lv Buwei, a wealthy businessman in Weiguo, is good at business and ambitious. One year, he was active in Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and met Proton Chu, a person sent by Qin State to Zhao State. Zi Chu was the son of Guo Jun, the king of Qin at that time. Lv Buwei thinks that Zi Chu can be used, so he tries his best to get close to him and please him. Lv Buwei first won the crown prince status for Zi Chu through Mrs Huayang, Ann Guo Jun's favorite princess, and then found a stunning beauty for him. This beautiful woman is Lv Buwei's beloved concubine. Zi Chu became pregnant and died soon. This beautiful woman gave birth to a son named Ying Zheng for Zi Chu. After Guo Jun's death, Zichu succeeded to the throne, and after Zi Chu's death, he succeeded to the throne. It was the later Qin Shihuang who won the government. However, some people doubt this statement. Wang Shizhen, a historian of the Ming Dynasty, believes that this story was invented by Lv Buwei to maintain its prosperity. Guo Moruo, the former president of China Academy of Sciences and a famous historian, believes that this statement began in the early Western Han Dynasty. This was fabricated and spread by Zhu Law in order to create public opinion and Lv Hou in order to seize power. Its purpose is to show that the world belongs to the Lu family. Now that it has been taken away by the Liu family, it should be taken back by the Lu family.

Which of the above statements is reliable is still inconclusive, and the life experience of Qin Shihuang is still a mystery.

Qin Shihuang's political career

Do you need to say anything about Qin Shihuang's achievements?

Of course, making mistakes is human nature. Besides, with the growth of his age, he finally understood that Fu Su should be handed over for benevolent governance and let the people catch their breath. Unfortunately, it was not a fake life. Eunuch Zhao Gao screwed up. Even today, the tyranny of Qin, which is criticized by many people, is really because the first emperor was an idealist and wanted to do things entirely by himself, ignoring the truth that things are developing and the road should be taken step by step! Otherwise, how can we enjoy the convenience of Dujiangyan and Zheng Guoqu today?

Ying Zheng, King of Qin, was an outstanding politician in the ancient history of China and the founder of the first unified feudal dynasty in history-the Qin Dynasty. The first emperor in history, Qin Shihuang.

Ying Zheng is an ambitious monarch. He completed the great cause of reunification, ended the feudal scuffle since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, opened a new chapter in history and laid a solid foundation for the development of the Chinese nation.

The period from 770 BC to 22 BC1year was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China. In 549 years, there was endless melee, people were displaced and homeless to escape the war, agricultural development was greatly damaged, and a large number of fields were deserted. Moreover, the Huns and other nomadic people took advantage of the situation to enter the customs, harassing the people in the surrounding areas of the south, and bringing many disasters to the people's production and life. Therefore, the broad masses of people hope to complete reunification as soon as possible. Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, which won the hearts of the people and ended the feudalism that had been deadlocked for hundreds of years. People's lives gradually settled down and a relatively perfect feudal country began to be born.

During the Warring States period, the differences in writing, currency and weights and measures between countries affected the economic and cultural exchanges between different places. Qi Yan and other countries issue knife coins, Zhao, Wei, Han and other countries use shovel-shaped cloth coins, round square-hole coins circulate around Qin and Dong, and Chu uses shell coins. Weights and measures are tools for commodity exchange, which are related to national taxation. However, due to the different unit systems in different countries, the weights and measures among the seven countries are also different. In order to solve many problems caused by currency barriers and different units, Qin Shihuang ordered the national unified issuance of round square hole money, and based on the weights and measures of Shang Yang of Qin State, changed the unit of measurement to decimal, and regularly checked the weights and measures.

Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some differences have inevitably appeared because the vassal regime has created different characters. Different forms of writing have caused inconvenience and misunderstanding to people's communication, and caused great obstacles to economic, cultural and ideological exchanges in social life.

While Qin Shihuang was in unified measurement, he ordered the unification of writing. It is stipulated that the small seal script of Qin State should be used as the national standard font, and the old style of six countries should be abolished. Xiao Zhuan not only absorbs and inherits the reasonable factors of six languages, but also has the characteristics of concise strokes. Easier to popularize. In addition, there is a popular folk writing-official script, which is simpler than Xiao Zhuan. This is the predecessor of modern Chinese characters.

In order to eliminate the repeated violations of nomadic people in the north, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of the Great Wall to resist foreign attacks, and sent troops to Meng Tian for a crusade. After eliminating the threat of Xiongnu, Qin Shihuang immediately turned back and decided to surrender and vigorously develop Yuedi. Nearly 500,000 people moved to Yuedi to live with the Yue people in order to promote the integration of all ethnic groups.

It is human nature to make mistakes. Although Qin Shihuang was a monarch with outstanding achievements, he was also a tyrant recognized by the world. He enjoyed himself before his death and spared no effort. Every year, he spends tens of thousands of prisoners (in fact, most of them are innocent victims) working in the hot sun and cold for many years. A total of more than 400 branch libraries have been built in Guanzhong. Within 200 miles of Guanwai and Xianyang, more than 400 branches and 270 palaces have been built respectively. One of the most famous is the large-scale Epang Palace. It is said that Fiona Fang in Epang Palace is 300 miles.

Qin Shihuang wanted to enjoy an unparalleled imperial life after his death. As soon as he succeeded to the throne, he began to build a mausoleum for himself in Mount Li. The mausoleum was built for decades until his death. In addition to a lot of treasures hidden in the mausoleum, the mausoleum itself is like a miniature universe. There are astronomical images on the top of the tomb, inlaid with big pearls, symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars. And with all kinds of expensive materials, a series of landscapes and other landscapes have been copied. In order to prevent the tomb from being stolen, the tomb is surrounded by organs. Once touched, it will be shot to death by a dark arrow.

In order to live forever, Qin Shihuang was cheated by Xu Fu, Lu Sheng and others several times. In order to live forever, Qin Shihuang wasted a lot of human and financial resources.

In addition, in order to strengthen the control of people's thoughts and implement the policy of ignorance, Qin Shihuang accepted the suggestion of Prime Minister Li Si to "burn books to bury Confucianism". He issued a book burning order: except for the government, only books related to medicine, divination and planting were collected by the people, and all the others were handed in for destruction. Anyone who conceals or knowingly fails to report it will be punished. Except the history of the Qin Dynasty, the history books of the other six countries are difficult. All theories except Confucianism have been burned. He also secretly interrogated more than 400 Confucian scholars who had secretly slandered him, and finally all of them were buried alive. "Burning books to bury Confucianism" is an unprecedented catastrophe suffered by China classics, which has caused irreparable losses to our culture.

To sum up, in the process of unifying the six countries, Qin Shihuang laid a solid foundation for the establishment of a unified feudal empire politically, economically and culturally, ended long-term feudalism and completed unprecedented reunification. It also shows its own strength and image, and provides a certain demonstration and reference for future generations in national unity and resistance to foreign invasion. Of course, due to the limitations of the times and class, Qin Shihuang, as the monarch of the first feudal country, inevitably had many defects and regrets. For example, the large-scale construction of Epang Palace and "burning books to bury Confucianism" have been evaluated by historians, so it is unnecessary to elaborate. Future generations should learn from it, which is also the significance of our comments on Qin Shihuang's merits and demerits.