Knowledge points of high school history proficiency test

Ordinary high schools generally have an academic proficiency test, which I believe everyone will encounter in high schools. The following are the knowledge points of the history academic level test in Grade One of Senior High School that I have compiled. Welcome to read and share for your reference. I hope it helps you.

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Knowledge points of high school history proficiency test

Bourgeois reformists-the Reform Movement of 1898 promoted by the Reform Thought.

1, background of reform:

(1) international trend: the development of capitalism has become a worldwide trend.

Economically, the second industrial revolution brought mankind into the electrical age.

(2) Politically: further improvement of the capitalist operating mechanism.

(3) Ideologically: the spread of western learning to the east-the further spread of western enlightenment.

(2) Domestic

① Social background: The Sino-Japanese War was defeated and the treaty of shimonoseki was signed. The powers set off a frenzy of carve-up and the national crisis deepened. ② Economic base: the initial development of Chinese national capitalism.

③ Class foundation: the national bourgeoisie developed and expanded.

The emergence and development of bourgeois reform thought.

A. Early reformist thinkers: Feng Guifen, Wang Tao, Zheng-studying western institutional culture and advocating political reform.

B, the further development of reform thought-the enlightenment of civil rights thought (elective two questions one lesson three)

A. background: economically, national capitalism has developed initially; In terms of class, the emergence and development of the national bourgeoisie; Ideologically, the emergence of China's early reform thought and the spread of bourgeois civil rights thought abroad; Diplomatically, the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 set off a frenzy to carve up China, and the national crisis was unprecedented.

B. Basic propositions: learn from the western political system, carry out political reform and reform, advocate civil rights, set up a House of Representatives, and implement a constitutional monarchy; Save the national crisis and develop capitalism.

C evaluation: directly mobilize and guide the reform movement; Saving the national crisis through political reform has a strong patriotic passion; It is of progressive significance to advocate the establishment of constitutional monarchy and the development of capitalism; It is instructive to spread western knowledge and publicize the ideas of talent, freedom and equality. It expresses the bourgeoisie's yearning for equality, freedom and democracy, which is objectively conducive to the spread of bourgeois revolutionary thought and is the forerunner of bourgeois democratic revolutionary thought later. It is called "the first comprehensive social mobilization of capitalist modernization".

2. Preparatory activities for political reform-the intervention of scholars in politics.

(1) Debate between reformists and die-hards

① Focus: Should we reform the feudal autocratic system into a constitutional monarchy and reform the feudal education system?

② Essence: The first ideological confrontation between the emerging bourgeoisie and the declining feudal landlord class in China.

(3) Impact: The debate further broadened the horizons of intellectuals, liberated their thoughts, and also guided public opinion and thoughts for political struggle.

(2) Writing on the Bus (taking the second P35 course) made the bourgeois reform movement develop from ideological and theoretical exchange to political practice, which opened the prelude to the reform and political reform movement.

(3) Establishing newspapers and periodicals: Chinese and foreign news, current affairs news and ethnic news.

(4) Organizing associations: strengthening associations and protecting the National Assembly.

Difficulties in the history academic level examination of senior one.

1. County-state parallel system in Han Dynasty

(1) Background: In order to avoid repeating the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu consolidated the newly established regime.

⑵ Content: In the early Han Dynasty, local governments inherited the county system of Qin Dynasty, and at the same time enfeoffed vassal states, forming a parallel system of counties and states (counties are counties, countries are feudal).

(3) Impact: With the increasing power of enfeoffment vassal states, centralization is seriously threatened.

2. Three Provinces and Six Departments in Tang Dynasty

(1) Six Departments in Three Provinces and Their Functions: Zhongshu Province: Zhongshu Province is in charge of decision-making and responsible for drafting and issuing imperial edicts; Province under the door: in charge of deliberation, responsible for reviewing government decrees. Shangshu province: responsible for implementing government decrees. Six departments: officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers.

⑵ Purpose: Decentralize power and strengthen imperial power.

(3) Evaluation:

(1) The division of labor among the three provinces in the Tang Dynasty was clear, which improved work efficiency and reduced decision-making mistakes.

(2) The power of Xiang is divided into three parts, which restrict and supervise each other. Weakening the power of Xiang is conducive to strengthening the imperial power.

3. Measures to decentralize the prime minister in Song Dynasty (in the early Song Dynasty, Zhongshumen was set as an administrative agency, and the chief executive exercised the power of prime minister).

(1) Measures: increase officials, Tang envoys and third secretaries, and divide the executive power, military power and financial power of the prime minister.

(2) Function: The power of the prime minister was weakened, and the emperor was able to monopolize the power.

4. Provincial system in Yuan Dynasty

Objective: To strengthen the jurisdiction over vast territory.

(2) Contents:

① China has 10 provinces (provinces) and two separate administrative divisions. One is the "belly" directly under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province: Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong; First, Tibet and parts of Sichuan and Qinghai are under the jurisdiction of Yuan.

(2) The province is a local administrative region, and the chief executive of the province is appointed by the imperial court, and the exercise of power is controlled by the central government.

(3) Meaning:

(1) strengthened the centralized rule of the Yuan Dynasty and consolidated the unity of multi-ethnic countries. (2) The establishment of the provincial system is a major change in the ancient local administrative system in China and the beginning of the provincial system in China.

5. The ancient system of selecting officials in China.

Objective: To recruit talents to meet the needs of maintaining feudal rule.

(2) Official selection system: (1) Han Dynasty-imperial examination system.

★ Basis: Lian Xiao (talent and morality)

★ Mode: bottom-up recommendation

(2) Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties-Jiupin Zheng Zhi

★ Basis: aristocratic family status

★ Influence: aristocratic families control talent selection and cronyism, and suppress talents. Become a tool to safeguard political privileges.

③ Sui and Tang Dynasties-Imperial Examination System

★ The establishment of the Sui Dynasty: Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abolished the nine-grade clock political system and began to select officials by means of examinations; When Yang Di was in the Sui Dynasty, the government began to set up the imperial examination system.

★ Tang Dynasty: Inheriting and perfecting the imperial examination system.

★ Significance: ① Breaking the monopoly of aristocratic families on officialdom and strengthening centralization;

(2) expanding the source of officials and the ruling foundation of the landlord class;

(3) improve the quality of officials, promote the improvement of administrative efficiency and the prosperity of literature.

(4) It promotes the universal and lasting reading fashion and is conducive to the formation of a social atmosphere that attaches importance to learning;

⑤ From the perspective of pursuing fairness and justice, it is reasonable to take strict examination as the way to select officials.

⑥ The later period bound the intellectuals' thoughts, which was not conducive to innovation, which was one of the important reasons for the backwardness of natural science in modern China.

Gao yi Shi Xue shui ping exam kaodian

1, the content of Xia and Shang political system:

Central:

The hereditary system of the throne replaced the abdication system;

Scholars in Hunan and Qing dynasties who participated in the decision-making, fortune tellers who were responsible for offering sacrifices to divination and recording major events of dynasties, and teachers who were in charge of military power.

Location:

Hou yubo

The influence of Xia-Shang political system;

The political system in the early Xia and Shang Dynasties had a direct impact on the patriarchal clan system and the enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The hereditary system of the throne protects private ownership and is conducive to the development of productive forces. (Premise: the productivity level was low at that time)

2. The packet of the Western Zhou Dynasty:

Objective: To consolidate the rule and defend the royal family.

Scope of storage: royalty, heroes and descendants of ancient emperors.

Obligations of the blocked vassal states: guarding the territory and following the battle. Tribute and pilgrimage form a strict hierarchy within the aristocratic ruling class: emperor-vassal-master-scholar.

3. Impact:

Positive influence: strengthening the local rule of the Zhou Emperor; The western Zhou dynasty developed remote areas and expanded its ruling areas, forming a political pattern of the royal family holding the moon in the Zhou dynasty.

Negative effects: the kingship was weak in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and disputes among countries continued during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Results: The enfeoffment system was destroyed in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Spring and autumn collapse; From the Warring States to the Qin Dynasty, it was abolished and replaced by the county system (direct reason: the vassal state was too strong; Root cause: collapse of well site system)

4. The patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty;

Objective: In order to strengthen the ruling order formed by the enfeoffment system and solve the contradictions among nobles in rights, property and land inheritance, the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented a patriarchal clan system with political nature, both external and internal.

Content: Maintain the political hierarchy and consolidate the national political system by paternal consanguinity.

Features: eldest son inheritance system

Influence: Ensuring the monopoly and privileged position of the nobility in politics is conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

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