What are the national characteristics of Naxi nationality?

Traditional wooden houses are built directly from logs. During construction, the logs shall be leveled first, and both ends shall be slit. Then the logs are embedded end to end, and the heads are even, forming a fence on all sides. Then set up purlins, spread long boards directly, and press boards with stones. Rubbing cow dung or mud between logs can keep out the wind and cold.

Most of the Mosuo people's wooden houses on Lugu Lake are composed of four quadrangles of different sizes, one is the main room, the hall on the left, the corral on the right, and the square opposite the main room is two floors.

The main room is the place where the whole family eats, where housewives rest and store food and sundries; The opposite building is divided into many small rooms, which is the place where xia lovers occasionally live; The room layout of the hospital is complicated, including the main room, the upper room, the lower room, the back room and the warehouse.

Second, clothing.

The clothing of Naxi men in Lijiang area is the same as that of the local Han nationality. Wear sheepskin shawls in winter, robes, knee-high fat leg pants, sheepskin pockets and leggings in Zhongdian area. Men in Ninglang, Yongning, Yanyuan and Muli wear shorts and trousers, and men in Ninglang also like to wear bracelets. Old people wear linen collarless robes, plus green cloth vests and belts.

The dress of Naxi women varies from region to region. Naxi women in Lijiang wear knee-length, wide waist and big sleeves, plus a vest, a pleated waist, a pair of trousers and a sheepskin shawl. Naxi women in Ninglang wear short shirts, pleated skirts that can reach the ground, sheepskin and blue cloth headscarves, earrings and bracelets made of gold, silver, jade and stone, and like to wear "sheepskin belts" or "belts".

Sheepskin belts are made of cotton, each about four and a half feet long and two inches wide. They must be used in pairs. The girdle is exquisite and can only be worn on holidays. It is a pair of cotton belts about three feet long and two inches wide, embroidered with potted chrysanthemums and two dragon playing beads. Naxi women in Yongning weave a thick fake braid with the hair on yak's tail, and then wrap a big circle of blue and black silk thread on the wig, which hangs down to the waist.

Three. Major festivals

Sacrificing to heaven is one of the biggest ceremonies of Dongba religion in Naxi nationality, and it is also the biggest traditional festival in Naxi nationality. It's held in the first month. In the past, Naxi people regarded the worship of heaven as one of the symbols of Naxi people. As the saying goes, "Naxi is a man who worships heaven". Worship to heaven was originally a form of nature worship in ancient Naxi nationality, and later it was associated with the worship of maternal ancestors and paternal ancestors of this nationality. At present, this grand festival has been kept in some remote villages. In recent years, more and more villages have resumed traditional festivals to worship heaven.

The first day of the first lunar month is called "Youben Zheng Ji" or "Kush" in Naxi language, which means "New Year". During the festival, Naxi folk associations hold a series of traditional activities to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.

"Bangbanghui" is a unique traditional festival of Naxi nationality. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, people call it "Bangbanghui". On this day, farmers from four rural areas came to Old Town of Lijiang early in the morning. From Sifang Street to Guanmenkou, the ancient city is crowded with people, and the streets are filled with bamboo, wood and iron farm tools and all kinds of fruit trees, seedlings and flowers. "Big Society" marks the end of the Spring Festival and the beginning of spring ploughing production. Now, this festival still exists, but the location of the festival has been changed to be held near the ancient city.

Fourth, painting and sculpture.

Painting and sculpture are important parts of Naxi Dongba religious art. Dongba painting can be divided into "wooden raft painting", "bamboo painting", "dragon painting" and "scroll painting". There are two kinds of "raft" paintings: pointed and flat.

Pointed wooden signs generally draw and color gods and natural gods that are considered good; Flat-headed wooden signs draw all kinds of ghosts without coloring. The Naxi wooden sign painting is related to the wooden sign with the face of Han Dynasty unearthed in northwest China. It was an ancient custom of the ancient Qiang people to draw ghosts and gods on wooden signs and then bury them in the ground for sacrifice.

Bamboo strokes mainly refer to the pictures drawn with sharp bamboo pens when writing Dongba Sutra, including book cover binding, book title page painting, title map, illustrations and so on. There are both white lines and colors. Card painting refers to the painting stuck on a hard card with multiple layers of thick paper, which can be divided into divination card painting, natural god "organization" painting and Dongba five crowns painting. Scroll painting is a picture of various gods painted on cloth scroll painting, which is hung in the temporary chapel when Dongba holds a ceremony.

The masterpiece of the scroll painting is Shinto Map, which is15-20m long and depicts the three realms of ghosts and gods, with nearly 400 images of ghosts and beasts. This painting is used for funerals and the ceremony of turning over the dead. Dongba sculpture includes dough sculpture, clay sculpture and wood carving. Dongba's paintings and sculptures are straightforward and natural.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) religious belief

Naxi is a people who believe in many religions, including Dongba, Tibetan Buddhism, Han Buddhism and Taoism. All religions are inclusive and have their own followers, but in rural areas, Dongba has the largest number of followers.

Dongba religion has a great influence on the social life, national spirit and cultural customs of Naxi people. It is the pillar of Naxi people's multi-religious beliefs and developed on the basis of Naxi people's original beliefs during the clan tribal alliance period. Later, it gradually absorbed some contents of Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism in different historical periods, forming a unique ethnic and religious form.

. It has its own ritual system, a huge system of ghosts and gods, and classics that match various rituals. The main characteristics of Dongba religion are animism, nature worship, ancestor worship, heavy divination and the basic idea of "harmony between man and nature".

Sixth, singing and dancing

There are many folk songs and dances of Naxi people, such as Re biutiful, Ha Romoda and Li Ali. Among them, Re Mei Cuo, commonly known as "Re Mei Cuo" or "Wo Re Hot", belongs to the rare well-preserved living fossil of primitive songs and dances in the world. This kind of singing and dancing is accompanied by singing and dancing. With the relaxed dance steps, one person leads the singer.

"Hello Moda" has two dance forms: one is semicircle dance. Male and female partners form a semicircle, which is led by a singer, and the rest put their right hands on the left shoulder of the former in turn, followed by their left hands hanging naturally, marching slowly counterclockwise and stepping on the rhythm of singing. At the last beat of the music, everyone bowed, nodded and stepped.

The second type is a double semicircle. Men and women are separated and form a half circle. The men's team and the former are holding hands, and the women's team is marching counterclockwise. Men and women each have a lead singer and a dancer, and the two teams constantly change each other's figures, or form a circle, or take a "dragon spit water" or make a "twist".

Extended data

Naxi nationality is a minority living in the middle and upper reaches of Jinsha River in China. Except Muli, Yanyuan, Yanbian and Mangkang in Xizang Autonomous Region, they are mainly distributed in the ancient city of Lijiang in northwest Yunnan, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County and its surrounding counties such as Shangri-La, Ninglang, Weixi, Yongsheng and Deqin.

Today's Naxi nationality is a frontier ethnic group living in Qinghai in northwest China and Hehuang in Gansu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It migrated south along the Hengduan Mountains and merged with the residents along the way for a long time.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, it first went from the upper reaches of Minjiang River to the Yalong River basin, and then to the middle and upper reaches of Jinsha River. Grandson and Ye Gunian of Gaoqule17th generation entered Lijiang Basin in the early years of Tang Dynasty. The language of Naxi nationality belongs to the Yi branch of Burmese language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is roughly divided into eastern dialect area and western dialect area with Jinsha River as the boundary.

1957, the government has also created a pinyin scheme for Naxi people, which has been promoted on a trial basis. Naxi Dongba script, generally believed to have been written in the Tang Dynasty, is the only hieroglyph still in use in the world and is called "the living fossil of hieroglyphics". The social and economic development of Naxi nationality areas is unbalanced, just like most ethnic minority areas in Yunnan.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Naxi inhabited areas in Gucheng District, Yulong County and Weixi County of Lijiang City were feudal landlord economies, and capitalist industry and commerce appeared. Parts of Shangri-La County still retain the remnants of territorial economy; Ninglang county is basically still in the economic stage of feudal lords, and it still maintains the remnants of pairing marriage and matriarchal families. After liberation, after land reform and socialist transformation, the economy in Naxi area developed rapidly and people's lives improved greatly.

References:

Brief Introduction of Naxi Nationality —— Yulong Naxi Autonomous County People's Government

Naxi-the gateway of the central government