Classical Chinese is in Yuan Taizu

1. Who has a short story of Genghis Khan (not in classical Chinese, short and concise)?

Last name: Genghis Khan.

Born: 32 years in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong and 2 years in Dading, Jin Shizong (1 162).

Genus: horse

Years of death: Song Lizong Jiaqing two years, Genghis Khan twenty-two years, Jin Aizong Zheng Da four years.

( 1227)

Enjoy year: 66

Temple number: Taizu

Posthumous title: posthumous title, Emperor Shengwu: France began to transport Emperor Shengwu (after death).

Mausoleum: chariot valley rises.

Father and mother: borjigin Yesuke.

Mother: Red Ghilas Hoelun.

Arrogance: Creating the Mongol Empire

Regret: My father was killed by the Tatars.

His wife was robbed by a beggar.

The battle of thirteen wings failed.

Attack Xixia and die if you don't succeed.

Genghis Khan, an outstanding strategist and politician of Mongolian nationality, at the same time, his brutal invasion and conquest brought great war disaster to mankind. Borcaijin, his name is Temujin. 1206, carrying the Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire (later honored as the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty) to unify the Mongolian tribes. During his reign, he launched wars of aggression many times, conquering the Black Sea coast in the west and almost the whole of East Asia in the east. It is one of the famous great empires across Europe and Asia in world history.

When Genghis Khan started the Western Expedition, he ... cleared the border on this east-west traffic avenue and leveled the fortress that hindered economic and cultural exchanges. The exchanges between the East and the West began to be frequent and the distance began to shorten. China's inventions, such as gunpowder, paper money and post system, were exported to the west, and western medicines, textiles and astronomical calendars were also imported to China. "Improve the post system, so that" extending in all directions, having a room to live, having a meal, having food, completing the navigation of the ladder, the sea will be in Qi Xin ","the context is consistent, and order is coming. " "Thousands of miles away, such as at home; Wan Li is in the neighborhood ".

Economic and cultural exchanges between Asia and Europe have directly promoted historical progress. For example, papermaking and printing were introduced into Europe, which promoted the development of European culture, liberated European culture from theology and produced the Renaissance. Gunpowder and firearms were introduced into Europe, which also played a great role in China. Engels said: "/kloc-At the beginning of the 4th century, gunpowder was introduced from Arabs to Western Europe, which changed the whole method of warfare, which is known to every pupil." And said: "the use of gunpowder and firearms is by no means a violent act, but an industrial, that is, economic progress." "In the past, the stone walls of the impregnable aristocratic castle could not stand the fire of the citizens; The citizen's gun went through the knight's armor. The rule of the nobility perished with the aristocratic cavalry in armor. "The compass was introduced into Europe, which promoted the development of European navigation. Later, the navigation of Columbus and others made them discover the new continent and prompted Europe to enter a new era. No wonder some scholars say: "The birth of a favored son like Genghis Khan awakened the world from a deep sleep and promoted cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The Travels of Marco Polo led to Columbus' expedition, the American continent was discovered, Europeans once mastered world hegemony, and then the United States rose and Japan was defeated by the United States. Therefore, I think the birth of Genghis Khan can be regarded as changing the direction of the world and forming the birth of today's world. "

2. The classical Chinese translation of Yeluchucai's Saving the People is 1. The original text is selected from the biography of Yelu Chucai in the Yuan Dynasty.

2. Original: Lu Ye is brilliant, and his name is Jin Qing, which is a father's shoe. He plays Jin Shizong by studying. He is a pro-teacher. Chu was born at the age of three, and his personality was withdrawn. His mother Yang taught him.

Dragons, on the other hand, are rich in books, bypassing the theories of astronomy, geography, legal calendar, astrology, explaining the old and medical divination, and writing as a text, if they stay in structure. Taizu established Yan, heard his name and summoned him.

Chu Cai is eight feet long, with a beautiful beard and a loud voice. Wei Zhi said, "Liao and Jin are enemies, and I owe you."

Yes, I said, "My father, father and ancestors all tried to entrust this matter. Since I am a minister, I dare to hate you! " The emperor paid attention to his words and was around. Every time the emperor conquers, he will order Chu Cai cloth, and the emperor will also burn sheep shoulders to match it.

In winter in Xu Bing, from the next Lingwu, the generals will fight for their children's gold silks, and Chu will receive the suicide note and rhubarb medicine alone. When a foot soldier is sick, he will be cured with rhubarb.

Speaking of Chu Cai, he said to Emperor Taizong, "This man is a gift from my family, and he should be in charge of the army." Taizong acceded to the throne.

Ren Chenchun, the emperor went south, and the fugitives were called to the river, and those who came down were saved from death. Or: "If you are in a hurry, you will die, and if you are slow, you will leave, just to help the enemy, and you cannot make peace."

Chu Cai asked people to make hundreds of flags for the people to return to the fields, and all of them lived. Confucius was also invited to send people into the city to beg the fifty-first generation of Sun Yuancuo to attack and seal the temple for a feast.

He also led the ministers' descendants to understand the way of saints through interpretation. The editing room is located in Yanjing and the classic room is located in Pingyang, which is the reason for the prosperity of literary records.

Bing Shenchun and Wang Daji, the emperor personally gave gifts to Chu Cai, saying, "The reason why I sincerely appointed Ren Qing is the life of my late emperor. Without the Qing Dynasty, there would be no Central Plains today.

I have a good rest. It's your right. "Chu Cai has been a country for a long time, and Lu is divided into his own kin, and he has never been a private official.

Liu Min, the prefect, spoke calmly, and Chu Cai said, "I should be friendly, but I take gold and silk as my capital. If I make politics illegal, I cannot be selfish. "

On November 4th in winter, the emperor wanted to go hunting. Chu Cai insisted, saying, "No riding and shooting, no enjoyment." After five days of hunting, the emperor fell in his place.

The queen, named Ma Su, believed in traitors and was in political turmoil. Chu Cai argued, although he later regretted it, but he also respected the old honor first and was deeply afraid.

Chen Jia was in office in May and summer, at the age of 55. Later, people who fell in love with Chu Liao said that after a long time, they paid tribute to the world and half of them entered the home.

Later, he ordered a close minister, Ma Rizha, to review it. He only had more than ten pieces of Qin Ruan, as well as thousands of volumes of ancient and modern calligraphy and painting, epigraphy and suicide notes. 3. Yeluchucai, his name is Jin Qing, and his father, Yelulu, is able to serve Jin Shizong because of his outstanding knowledge and behavior, and he is particularly close and trusted. He was a senior official when he died.

When Chu was only three years old, his father died and his mother Yang taught him to read. I read a lot when I grow up. I know astronomy, geography, law, mathematics, Buddhism, Taoism, medicine, divination and so on. It seems that it has already been done.

The great-grandfather of Yanjing, with its capital, heard Chu Cai's name and summoned him. Lu Ye Chucai is only eight feet tall, with a beautiful beard and a loud voice. Mao valued him very much and said, "Liao and Jin dynasties have been enemies for generations. I will avenge you. "

Cai Mao said, "My father and grandfather both served the court. Since they are the subjects of the ruler, how can they hate their own monarch? " Mao respected his words and arranged him beside him. Every time Mao set out to make a crusade, he was sure to make a prediction of good or bad luck, and Mao himself burned the shoulder bones of the sheep to judge whether God's will was consistent with personnel.

In winter, as Mao conquered Lingwu, the generals scrambled to plunder the people's money, but Chu Cai specialized in collecting lost books, rhubarb and other medicinal materials. Soon the soldiers were infected with an epidemic and they were cured with rhubarb.

Taizu pointed to Chu Cai and said to Taizong, "This man was given to my family by God. Military affairs will be handed over to him in the future. "

Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, and in the spring of Renchen, Emperor Taizong went south to make a conquest, and was about to cross the Yellow River, ordering the fleeing people to avoid death. Some people say, "these people surrender when they are in danger and run away when they have nothing to do." It is only beneficial to the enemy and cannot be lenient. "

Yeluchucai demanded that hundreds of flags be made and sent to the surrendered refugees to return to their villages, so that many people could save their lives. Yeluchucai also requested that people be sent to the city to find the descendants of Confucius, find the fifty-first generation of Confucius, Sun Kongyuancuo, and ask him to inherit the title of "Duke of Feast" and deliver the land of Kong Lin and the Confucius Temple to him.

He also led the sons of ministers, holding scriptures to explain the meaning, so that they could know the truth of saints. A compilation institute was established in Yanjing and a Confucian classics institute was established in Pingyang. Since then, civilized education has flourished.

In the spring of the war, during the gathering of kings, Emperor Taizong personally picked up the glass and handed it to Yelu Chucai, saying, "The reason why I hired you to have a heart-to-heart conversation is on the orders of my late emperor. Without you, there would be no Central Plains today.

Because of your efforts, I can sit back and relax. "Yeluchucai presided over government affairs for a long time, and gave the salary he got to his relatives, never letting them do it, out of selfishness.

Liu Min, a provincial province, seriously mentioned this matter to him. Chu Cai said: "The only way to make relatives harmonious is to subsidize them with property. I can't let them be officials in order to take care of their personal feelings. " On 1 1 4th of the month in winter, Emperor Taizong would go out hunting. Chu Cai quickly said that he couldn't hunt, and the left and right attendants all said, "If you don't ride horses and shoot arrows, you can't talk about happiness."

After five days of hunting, Taizong died in the camp. Manet, a virgin, exercised imperial power to reuse and trust the wicked, and all government affairs were out of order.

Chu Cai is still defending. "Although the Queen hates him, she also respects and fears him because he is an active elder of the first dynasty. In Chen Jia's summer and May, Lu Ye Chucai died in his official position at the age of 55.

Later, someone framed Chu Cai, saying that he had been a prime minister for a long time, and half of the world's taxes fell to his family. The queen ordered Marisa, the minister of attendants, to have a look. There are only a dozen pianos and Ruan, as well as thousands of ancient and modern paintings, epigraphy and posthumous works.

4. Introduction to Lu Ye's brilliance. Yeluchucai (11July 24, 1990-1June 20, 244), whose real name is Jin Qing, an old man from Yuquan, whose real name is Zhan Ran lay man, a Khitan, and a politician of the Mongolian Empire.

The grandson of Yelubi VIII, the Eastern Dan King of Liao Dynasty, and the son of Yelulu, the minister of Jin Dynasty. I am the foreign minister among the left and right scholars.

When the Mongols captured Jinzhongdu, Genghis Khan accepted Yelu Chucai as minister. Yeluchucai assisted Genghis Khan's father and son for more than 30 years and served as the secretariat 14 years.

Putting forward the Confucian way of governing the country and formulating various administrative strategies laid the foundation for the development of the Mongolian empire and the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty.

3. Seek the true story of Genghis Khan's life. Emperor Mao Fatian shipped Wu Sheng, taboo Temujin, surnamed Qi Wuwen, belonging to Mongolia.

Zhao Kuangyin's tenth ancestor was a adopted son, and his mother's name was Huo. She got married, ran ten miles and gave birth to two sons. He said Ge met Hei, and next time he said he saw Shazhi. After her husband's death, Alan was widowed. In the night sleep account, the dream white light entered through the skylight, turned into a man of God and gold, and came to bed.

Alan was so surprised that he got pregnant and gave birth to a son, that is, his adopted son. A son, a strange-looking and taciturn son, was called a fool by his family. Only the Arameans said, "This son is not a fool, and there will be great men in the future."

Allen didn't. Brothers were separated. How about this? Yan said: "Poor and rich, life is good, how can you be rich!" Leading a blue-and-white horse alone, living in a lazy place in Balitun.

There is no income from eating and drinking, which is suitable for an eagle to kill a beast. The seme set up a machine to take it, and the eagle was tamed as an arm eagle. It's a meal for hunting rabbits and birds, or it seems to have a natural relationship. In a month, dozens of people moved from the wild to the wild.

In the end, Yi Er lived alone with him, but they were different from each other. Since then, his physical condition has improved slightly. One day, Brother Zhong suddenly thought about it and said, "My adopted son is a man without a body. How can he not be cold when he is close at hand? " That is, self-visit and invitation.

In the middle of the first and second roads, Ba Duan called his brother and said, "He who is in a hurry has no attachment. If they are in danger, they can serve them. " My brother thought so, too. He chose a strong man when he went home, so that all the fruits in Shuai Shuai could come down.

After the death of his son, Balin's son is bald and black. He will be the heir, and he will have a son. Bawu Dudun's wife, Mona Lun, gave birth to seven children but few.

Mona's just a little anxious. At that time, a group of children were digging grass roots in the field to eat. When Mona got out of the car, she saw it and said angrily, "This field is where my son gallops. How dare children do evil? " Drive out, run over children, and even die.

Abruzzi was angry and hated, and wanted to drive the horse away. On hearing this, the scholars of Monallen might as well be chased by armor.

Monalen said privately, "If my son doesn't fight, he can't beat the enemy." It is common for your son and daughter to go there with armor.

If the fruit fails, all six children will die. Abreu used the attack to kill Monalon and destroy his family.

Haidu, the only eldest grandson, is still young, and the wet nurse hides in the building block, so it's free. First, Na Zhen, the seventh son of Mona Lun, became a son-in-law in Bala and suddenly became a son-in-law. It's not that difficult.

I heard that his family was in trouble, so I came to have a look. I saw more than a dozen patients, and Haidu was still there. Fortunately, when I was driving the horse, my brother's yellow horse escaped three strokes. I really want to take advantage. It's a fake herdsman. It takes two hands to make a ring.

On the way, father and son rode horses in tandem and went hunting with eagles. The eagle who really knew him said, "My brother took this."

The man who walked in front of others said, "What do you think of Red Horse leading the cattle eastward?" Said, "No." A few people asked, "Are there any geese passing by?" Say, "Yes."

Say, "Can you lead me?" Say, "Yes." Go to each other.

Turn a river, ride a little farther after crossing, and stab. Horses and eagles, running to meet and riding, are as good as ever.

After riding, he asked, "My son, who shoots geese in front, why can't he lie down longer?" That Jane's nosebleed was right. The rider was angry, so Jane took advantage of the gap to assassinate him.

Further on, at the foot of a mountain, there are hundreds of horses, and the shepherd has only a few boys, so he plays with stones. That Jane is familiar with and is also a brother.

Ask the boy, and so on. So I climbed the mountain and looked around. There was no one there. I killed the boy and drove the horse-armed eagle back. I went to sea, got sick, and returned to the land where I was suddenly afraid.

When the sea was a little longer, Na Zhen led eight people to fear the people in the valley and made * * * king. Haili, soldiers attack Iraq, and I belong to it. The situation is soaked, and the camp is located on the Heihe River in bahra, crossing the river as a beam to facilitate exchanges.

From the four neighboring tribes, the returnees gradually gathered. Haidu died, and his son took his surname and suddenly passed away.

If you worship your surname and suddenly die, Zidun is your heir. If you escape, you will die, and the song will not be cold.

Ge died before he was cold, but he died in eight miles. After Balidan's death, his son soon became the heir, and the tribes were annexed, which made the situation more grand.

Also want to collapse as soon as possible, yuan three years in October, I chased the ancestor Yuan Di. At the beginning, the ancestors levied the Tatar Department and won its minister Temujin.

Empress Xuanyi, Moon Lun, was born emperor, and her hands were as red as stone. Qiangzu is different, because it is named after Temujin and is also interested in martial arts.

The tribe Taichiwu and his fierce ancestors were good friends, but later, because Tarr didn't serve Taiwan, they had bad blood with each other and never talked to each other again. And the fierce ancestors collapsed, and the emperor rushed, mostly Tai Chi Wu.

Those who are angry with each other and have close ties with waiters will also rebel, and the emperor will make them stop crying. Tuoduan said, "The deep pool is dry, but the rock is broken. What's the point of keeping it? " I am so handsome.

Empress Xuanyi was angry at her weakness, so she waved flags and shouted, pursued with troops, and drove away half of the rebels. When the emperor "does not live in the Surrey River".

Jamukha's bald Taichar is in Yuluge Spring. When they want to attack each other, they graze horses on the Surrey River to hunt. Hide in a herd of horses and shoot them.

Jamukha thought that he was resentful, so he conspired with the Taichi martial arts departments to fight with 30,000 troops. When the emperor was stationed in the army, he answered Zhu Sizhi's wild blue version. When he heard this change, he called all the soldiers and divided them into ten teams.

Jamukha arrived, and the emperor broke with the war. Among the ministries at that time, only Taiji Wu was the most popular and had the largest number of people.

His home is in the fierce department, close to the emperor's residence. Emperor often goes hunting. I belong to Zhao Lie.

The emperor said, "Can we stay together tonight?" Zhao Lie said: "We stayed with each other as we wished, but followed 400 people. Because we don't have enough food, we have sent back half of it. What should we do now? " Emperor Gu invited guests to stay overnight, but whoever stays knows what to eat. We will camp again tomorrow, and the emperor will let the exorcists shine and let them return.

Everyone felt it and said privately, "Although Tai Chi Wu and I are brothers, we often harass my horses and chariots and take away my food and drink, which is beyond your control. Some people are arrogant, but only Prince Temujin? " According to the fierce jade law, it was abused by Tai Chi Wu from time to time, so he came back with Tahai Daru and led his men to kill Tai Chi Wu to save themselves.

The emperor said, "We are familiar with sleep. Fortunately, you can feel me. Since it is a rut, try to bring it with you. " But the two of them can't keep their word and go back to revolt.

Tahai Road reached the middle road and was killed by Tai Chi Wu's men, and later died in Zhaolie. At that time, the emperor's merits were getting bigger and bigger, and all departments of Taiji Wu suffered more from the illegality of their masters. Seeing the emperor's generosity, he gave people a horse and was happy about it.

If Chi Laowen, Zhe Bie and his younger brother lose power and don't work for others, if Dolanji, Zagreb and other ministries are busy, they all want to surrender. Snowmobile, ugly, etc. All clans in the Emperor's Congress pulled a cart to cook cheese and ate and drank on the Wonan River.

Before the emperor and other relatives and Xue Che bid farewell to Ji Zhen, * * * set up a purse for Zhuo Ma; Before Xue Che left, she left a purse alone. Suddenly, I was really angry and said, "If you don't respect me now, why don't you leave me alone?" He suspected that the emperor's main caterer had lost what Qiu Er had done, so he condemned it.

So the gap is still quite big. Don't be the emperor's brother in ancient Taiwan Province.

4. Who has a short story of Genghis Khan (not in classical Chinese, short and concise)? Genghis Khan's short stories mean "the king of the world", that is, Temujin, the founding monarch of Mongolia.

He was brave and resourceful, unified all Mongolian ministries, led his descendants to the north and the east, conquered two-thirds of the known world at that time, and established the largest empire in human history. Great achievements have been made in the past, especially in the three western expeditions. Mongolian soldiers almost traveled all over Central Asia, West Asia and the European continent, telling the story of Genghis Khan as a child.

Genghis Khan's name is Temujin, and his father was poisoned by the enemy when he was nine years old.

Everyone left, even Temujin's livestock were driven away together, leaving only his mother, Temujin and his two younger brothers at home. This family leads a hard life.

Later, the young Temujin was very powerful. People from other tribes were afraid that he would unite with the old staff to confront them, so they arrested Temujin. Temujin escaped from the enemy's clutches with his wisdom and courage.

Temujin's childhood is different from ours. His father used to be the leader of the tribe, and his family lived happily.

However, no one expected that his father died of poisoning after drinking koumiss poisoned by his enemy. Since then, his life has changed.

His mother had to take him and his brother to pick wild pears, dig wild onions, catch gophers and fish to eat. But he's smart and brave.

When he was caught by the enemy, he didn't become dejected and despondent, but pretended to be frightened and at the mercy of others, but he was always looking for opportunities not to run away. Compared with him, our modern children have become "little emperors" at home.

Usually, the problem will not be solved independently. Learn to be independent and lose the title of "Little Emperor".

Born in a noble family in Mongolia. Zu Hai Du, Gao Zudun Binai, great-grandfather Gebulu Khan and great-grandfather Anbahai Khan are all prominent figures or leaders of the Mongolian Ministry. Father should soon have the title of Eight Doors (Warriors).

At that time, there were more than 100 tribes in Mobei Plateau, attacking each other. When Temujin was born, it happened that his father captured Temujin Wu Ge, the leader of Tata Children's Department, in battle, so he took this name to commemorate his martial arts.

When he was 9 years old, his father was poisoned by the Tatars, and everyone was separated. He fought against his widowed mother, Hoelun. He was captured by other tribes and almost killed, but he escaped by his own cleverness. A little longer, attach yourself to Tory, the most powerful leader of the Mongolian Plateau (later known as King Khan) and respect him as the father, so that you can gather your father's old staff; He and Jamukha, the leader of Zagreb's Ansan Department, became an Ansan (righteous brother) and gradually developed his influence.

In order to avenge Meiere's wife, Wang Han and Jamukha sent troops, and together with tens of thousands of soldiers, they suddenly attacked Meiere's wife, killed them all and regained their wives. In the last years of Jin Dading, he moved to the upper reaches of Lvlian River (now Krulun River), set up accounts independently, made extensive alliances, selected talents, and was generous to others, which attracted many Mongolian ministries and Qi Yanshi nobles to vote, and was called Khan.

At the end of Jin Dading or the beginning of Ming Chang, Jamukha turned against him and led 13 coalition forces to attack with 30,000 men. Temujin summoned 30,000 troops from various ministries and divided them into 13 wings (wings, meaning battalion or circle) to fight. After losing, he retreated, which is called the Battle of Thirteen Wings in history. Because Temujin is good at winning people's hearts, many people in Jamukha have defected, but he has strengthened his own strength.

In the first year of Cheng 'an (1 196), together with Wang Han, Wan, the prime minister of the Jin Dynasty, killed many people below Minister Tatar and was awarded Zawu Huli (tribal officer) by the Jin Dynasty. Join hands with Wang Han again and defeat the Hadajin and others in the alliance 1 1 Coalition.

In the first year of Taihe (120 1), he led the army to break the loose alliance organized by Jamukha. The following year, he was attacked by Naiman allies and retreated to the walls of Phnom Penh. Defeated Naiman Allied Forces in the wilderness of Kuyitian (now the upper reaches of the Haraha River), attacked and destroyed the four Tatars.

Because of his growing power, Wang Han was jealous and hostile. In three years, Wang Han raided and defeated the Banzuni River (now southwest of Hulun Lake). Together with his followers, he vowed to drink turbid water and overcome difficulties.

Then he moved to the middle reaches of the Hehehe River (Halaha), and collected more than 4,600 riders (say 2,600) from the scattered departments, and gradually recovered after rest. After the investigation, it was learned that Wang Khan was arrogant and unguarded, and attacked Wang Khan's camp at night, defeating all of them.

Wang Han escaped alone, was killed by Naiman, and Ke Lie was killed. In four years, I built a timid (defender).

Soon, Naiman leader Sun Khan attacked, cleverly arranged a puzzle, captured and killed Sun Khan alive, conquered his army, and forced Hadajin, Doruban and other troops to surrender. By the first year of Genghis Khan (1206), many tribes, large and small 100, on the Mongolian Plateau were defeated, and the five major parts of Tatar, Kelie, Mirqi, Naiman and Mongolia were unified under the banner of Temujin.

Temujin then held a big party at the source of the South River (now the Nen River) and established Yekemeng Urus (Great Mongolia), honoring Genghis Khan (the name means "ocean" or "powerful" emperor). Expand the fear of Xue to ten thousand people and call it Dazhong Army.

Organize thousands of people with the unity of soldiers and people, mount horses to prepare for war, dismount and gather for grazing. Life "four jie" Boroqul, black blind, Muqali, ChiLaoWen for four fear Xue Chang.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Genghis Khan became more and more powerful and began to launch a large-scale conquest war abroad. After more than 20 years of war with Xixia, it repeatedly created the main force of Xixia army, forcing Xixia king to beg for mercy and surrender, clearing the northwest barrier of Jin Dynasty and successfully attacking gold in the south.

In six years, he led the army to attack the gold, which opened the Mongolian-gold war for 24 years. Wushabao (now northwest of Zhangbei, Hebei) won the first battle; Then hit Yehuling (now the northwest of Wanquan, Hebei Province) and Huihe Fort (now the southeast of Huai 'an) and annihilate a large number of elite 8 Jin Army; He also attacked Huailai (now Hebei) and Gashan (now Yanqing, Beijing) and defeated more than 100,000 Jin Jun; It also hit the Jin Army in Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi) and Juyongguan.

Later, he constantly changed his tactics and attacked the hinterland of the Central Plains and western Liaoning for plunder in three ways. In March of the ninth year of Genghis Khan, soldiers gathered at the gates of Zhongdu (now Beijing).

At that time, it was difficult to capture the city, so they sent messengers to make peace, forcing the rulers to dedicate Qi Country Princess, gold silks and horses and lead the troops out of Juyongguan. In June, under the pretext that the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to "break the contract", taking advantage of the fact that the people of Jin were floating and the army mutinied in Mongolia, three troops were sent to meet Badou and graphite Ming 'an led the army to attack the capital of Mongolia (a general term for conquered northern tribes in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties).

In order to meet the needs of siege, Genghis Khan adopted the strategy of building the Ministry, and gradually established the artillery army, with artillery stones as the first priority in siege. Later, I attacked the city and used a gun at a time.

5. Material 1: Yuan Taizu has its own people, tribes and wild land, and there is no battlements system. China's original "ten thousand judges" system (1) is backward; (2) The vast territory, numerous nationalities and complicated affairs urgently need to strengthen local rule; (2 points) Learn from the local governance experience of past dynasties and inherit the local official system of Han nationality. (2 points)

(2) Process: at first, it was the central organization, and later it was the local permanent highest administrative organization; (2 points) At first, it only focused on military affairs, and later it was extended to civil affairs, economy and justice. (2 points)

Major civil affairs need to be reported to Zhongshu Province. Without the imperial edict of the central government, the tax collection system cannot be changed. Military and political affairs need to be reported to the Privy Council. Without the imperial edict of the Central Committee, troops cannot be mobilized. Provincial officials should meet the emperor regularly and report to the emperor; The central government is supervised by a supervisory body; Take the mutual transfer of provincial officials; (2 points for each score, 4 points out of 5, giving full marks, and clarifying that the administrative divisions and functions at lower levels do not belong to this answer)

(3) Influence: It promoted the transition from Mongolian tribal rule to autocratic centralized dynasty; Expand the scope of effective rule; Promoted the integration between ethnic groups; Increased * * * fiscal revenue; Strengthened its influence on neighboring countries. (6 points, 2 points for each point, 3 points out of 5 points to give full marks. )

Test analysis: (1) Pay attention to the material information that "only ten thousand households are in charge of the army, officials are in charge of political punishment, and only one or two dear ministers are appointed", which shows that the original system of ten thousand households and officials is backward; "Vast territory, increasingly complex maintenance, the world is important, and provincial governance" shows that the territory is vast, there are many nationalities, and the affairs are complicated, so it is urgent to strengthen local governance; "If the ancient system, wei, jin Taiwan, qi, sui tube outside the local state said Taiwan history province, tang to everything, quasi-qi separation. Branches and provinces have their own heritage. " It shows that we can learn from the experience of local governance in past dynasties and inherit the local official system of Han nationality.

(2) Main idea of the original text: From the first year of Central China to the first year, the treasury province was established. According to the specific affairs, it is not necessary to have every official position (in the book province), and the book province sends officials to take charge of the corresponding affairs. Therefore, the provinces were initially sent by the central government, and then the local permanent highest administrative institutions; "Money, food, weapons, planting, grain transportation and military affairs are all important things" means that at first, they only focused on military affairs, and later they expanded to civil affairs, economy and justice. The second question, combined with the knowledge learned, answers how the provincial system in the Yuan Dynasty strengthened centralization.

(3) "From the first year of Wenzong to Shunshun, the number of households with money and grain was 13.40699, which was 200,000 more than before", indicating that the fiscal revenue of * * * increased; "Han, tang, absent-minded. Gailing North and Liaoyang border with Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Huguang, and the so-called Jimi state in the Tang Dynasty "always exists", indicating that the scope of effective rule has expanded; It has promoted the integration between ethnic groups; " South Korea, on the other hand, has never seen it before, and only wants to be cautious as a minister. "It shows that it has strengthened its influence on neighboring countries.

Comments: Historical data analysis is a common question type, but the materials of this kind of question type usually appear in the form of classical Chinese, which makes it more difficult for students to understand the materials, thus affecting the effect of answering questions. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the reading ability of the analysis questions of historical classical Chinese materials. So, how can we do this kind of historical questions well?

First of all, we should get rid of negative psychology such as fear and boredom and face such problems positively and correctly. When there are difficult words in classical Chinese in the exam questions, we don't have to focus on these words, but should think about them as a whole, which is the premise of doing this kind of exam questions well.

Secondly, the starting point of answering the question of historical classical Chinese materials should be the source of the materials. According to the author and age of the material, we should scrutinize the part related to the teaching material, expand the association, and further combine the questions to think directionally, and organize effective information to prepare the answers.

Thirdly, we should grasp the key words given in the material, find out the core part of the material content or viewpoint, and distinguish whether the viewpoint is correct or not; Which class or social stratum represents the interests; Have any positive or negative effects on historical development; What are the implications of reality and other problems for targeted thinking? Finally, sort out the answers and make answers.