What is the mainstream of China culture before Qin and Han Dynasties and after Tang Dynasty?

It is the key to fully understand the ancient culture of China and grasp the key points to locate the cultures in different periods vertically in historical periods.

Various historical periods of culture

1. Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties): The embryonic form of China ancient culture began to take shape, which can be called the "source" of China ancient culture. The cultural hotspot closely related to this source is the "Xia Shang Zhou Dating Project". Only looking at the "source" of China culture, we should focus on three aspects: the carrier of recording and spreading culture tends to be mature-writing (Oracle Bone Inscriptions), and the unique language and writing of China culture has been formed. Second, the method of keeping time-the method of keeping time for cadres and the method of keeping time for branches have been established, and the Chinese nation has a clear concept of time for historical changes. Thirdly, the book of changes, a philosophical method of understanding the world, was formed. It emphasizes the simple dialectical thinking of the ancients and the spirit of "keeping in good health, a gentleman strives for self-improvement", which is an outstanding representative of ancient China culture.

2. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: the comprehensive foundation period of China ancient culture. It formed the "soul" of China ancient culture and produced two outstanding "image spokesmen" of China ancient culture: Laozi and Confucius. It reflects the ancient people's different thoughts on nature, life and society, mainly Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Law, which have had an important impact on the development of the Chinese nation and formed the main content of the Chinese national spirit.

3. Qin and Han Dynasties: It was a rich and developing period of ancient culture in China. The great development of science and technology combines unity with diversity. It established the leading position of China's science and technology culture in the world and laid the foundation for the further development of later generations' culture. The culture of this period embodies the enterprising spirit at the beginning of the establishment of a unified multi-ethnic centralized country and the grandeur of the unified dynasty. Outstanding representatives are the majestic Great Wall of Wan Li (Great Wall Spirit), the mighty Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang and Historical Records, which are unified in thought, especially the popularization of Hanwu Emperor. The related contents should be

4. The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties: "After the climax of the Qin and Han Dynasties, it became dull", with less momentum and more dullness and delicacy. The concrete manifestations are: the continuous progress of culture and technology, the mutual infiltration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the prevalence of Buddhism, the colorful art and the distinctive characteristics of national integration.

5. Sui and Tang Dynasties: The heyday of feudal society in China brought all-round glory of ancient culture. It is eclectic, comprehensive and brilliant, which affects future generations and stands out in the world (in the cultural history of China). It represents the glory of China's ancient culture.

6. Another peak of China ancient culture. At present, there are three of the four great inventions of traditional science and technology in China. The influence of commodity economy on literature and art is outstanding, which is a new phenomenon in the development of ancient Chinese culture and should be paid attention to.

7. Ming and Qing Dynasties: the end of China's ancient culture and history, inheriting the past and bringing forth the new, and spreading western learning to the east. Ming and Qing Dynasties were in the late feudal society of China, which was the cultural feature of this period. Inheriting the past: Dacheng's scientific and technological works have come out one after another; Classical culture has entered the summary period, and the official organization has made outstanding achievements in compiling large-scale books, which reflects the broad atmosphere of national culture. With the rise of citizen literature, novels have become the mainstream of literature, and western learning has spread to the east.

Determine the review focus from different angles: (1) From the perspective of cultural development: the focus is on the pre-Qin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties; (2) From the perspective of the influence of social changes on culture; Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin, Han, Ming and Qing Dynasties. (3) From the perspective of cultural transformation: Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The essence of culture is easy to learn.

The book of changes originated from the study of the book of changes, referred to as the book of changes. It originated from divination, but it is higher than divination. The Book of Changes recorded many ancient historical events, so it originated from practice. The Book of Changes is the oldest cultural book in China and the cornerstone of China's humanistic culture. In the process of development, Yi-ology is gradually divided into Yi, Xiang Yi, Mathematical Yi and Na Yi. The main founders of the Book of Changes are Fuxi, Zhou Wenwang and Confucius.

Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism

Confucius's "benevolence", "teaching without class", running a private school, and diligently compiling classics in his later years; Mencius' theory of "benevolent government" says, "The people are noble and the monarch is light, and human nature is good; Xunzi's "controlling the destiny and using it"; Mozi's "universal love", "non-attack" and "Shang Xian"; Laozi's "Tao" and "inaction"; Zhuangzi's idealism philosophy; Han Fei's thought of taking law as the foundation played a vital role in the development of ancient culture in China.

Editing this section of culture represents calligraphy, painting, Tang poetry and Song poetry.

Chinese culture is the great contribution of the Chinese nation to mankind: unique language, vast cultural classics, scientific and technological processes that benefit the world, brilliant literature and art, wise philosophy and religion, and complete and profound ethics all constitute the basic content of Chinese culture. In the profound ancient culture of China, calligraphy, painting, Tang poetry and Song poetry are undoubtedly outstanding representatives. Take calligraphy as an example for analysis.

Calligraphy, as an artistic creation, is deeply mysterious and reflects the unique artistic creation and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions to Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu, and then to the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, cursive script, regular script and running script were basically finalized. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, calligraphy began to become an art. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, many calligraphers created various styles. He wrote Preface to Lanting, which is called "the best running script in the world". The calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty is just like the national conditions of the Tang Dynasty-magnificent and famous. Calligraphy exudes the charm of ancient art and is a well-deserved representative of China culture. Looking through the calligraphy of past dynasties, there is an incisive summary of "Jin people like rhyme, Tang people like law, Song people like meaning, Yuan Ming is still fashionable".

Jin people like rhyme, and the calligraphy in Jin Dynasty is beautiful, charming, romantic and unique, which embodies the leisure and childlike interest of the literati class and reveals a kind of demure beauty. It is obviously related to the aristocratic system in this period and reflects the characteristics of the aristocratic system.

People in the Tang Dynasty respected the law, and the calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty was rigorous and magnificent, which showed the national strength and pioneering spirit in the heyday of feudalism, and embodied the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty with great strength and beauty. This is not only a manifestation of Tang Wenhua's overall talent, but also a reflection of the political clarity, economic prosperity and frequent foreign exchanges in the Tang Dynasty.

People in Song Dynasty were interested in calligraphy. Calligraphy in Song Dynasty was ups and downs, calm and happy. It is under the situation that "the country is in great difficulty and the literature is prosperous" that the literati are dissatisfied with the realistic personalized calligraphy and express a state of mind with books, which may be related to the history of poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty.

Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the feudal society in China has stagnated, and the river has gone from bad to worse, which is reflected in the fact that calligraphy advocates imitation of the ancient and is mediocre, which is related to cultural absolutism.

As for the madness of "anti-vulgarity" in the calligraphy field in the late Ming Dynasty and the rise of the wind of worshipping monuments and stones in the late Qing Dynasty, it is like underground magma, lightning or flint flashing in the night, which reflects a sign of great social change. Obviously, the cultural autocracy in Ming and Qing Dynasties also had a certain influence on calligraphy. In short, following the development of calligraphy for 3,000 years, we can clearly see that it is synchronized with the development of China society and strongly reflects the spirit of each era.