Brief introduction of watermelon

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, English: Watermelon) belongs to Cucurbitaceae and is native to Africa. Watermelon is a dicotyledonous flowering plant, which is shaped like a vine and has feathery leaves. The fruit it bears is a fake fruit, which belongs to what botanists call a fake berry. Fruit skin is smooth, green or yellow with patterns, and pulp is juicy, red or yellow (rare white).

morphological character

Annual vines. Melon pulp is crisp, sweet and juicy, rich in mineral salts and vitamins, and is the main fruit in summer. Watermelon can clear away heat and relieve summer-heat, and has an auxiliary effect on treating nephritis, diabetes and cystitis. Pericarp can be cold mixed, pickled, candied, jam and feed. The oil content of seeds is as high as 50%, which can be used to extract oil, fry food or make pastry ingredients.

characteristic

Watermelon photos (20 photos) Watermelon main root system, the main root depth is more than 1 m, the root group is mainly distributed in the root layer of 20 cm-30 cm, the root is slender and easy to break, the regeneration ability is weak, and it is not resistant to transplantation. The stem of the seedling stands upright, elongates after 4-5 nodes, grows prostrate after 5-6 leaves, has strong branching ability, and can form 3-4 levels of lateral branches. Leaves alternate, deeply divided, shallowly divided and entire. The dioecious flowers are the same plant, the male flowers are in the 3 rd to 5 th nodes of the main stem, and the female flowers are in the 5 th to 7 th nodes. A few bisexual flowers can appear at the flowering stage. Corolla yellow. The ovary is below and the placenta is the lateral membrane. Both male and female flowers have nectaries, and the flowers are insect-borne flowers, which open in the morning and close in the afternoon. Fruits are spherical, oval, oval, cylindrical and so on. The surface of the fruit is smooth or ribbed, and the epidermis is green-white, green, dark green, dark green and black, with fine meshes or stripes in between. The pulp is milky white, light yellow, dark yellow, light red, bright red and other colors. Meat is divided into meat and mortar. Seeds flat, ovoid or oblong, smooth or cracked. The seed coat is white, light brown, brown, black or brown, monochrome or variegated. 1000-grain weight 100g ~ 150g, middle grain type 40g ~ 60g, small grain type 20g ~ 25g. Melon type 145g ~ ~200ke

use

Watermelon is the main fruit in summer. Ripe fruits contain a lot of water,

The pulp of watermelon on vine (17) contains 5 ~ 12% sugar, including glucose, fructose and sucrose. The sweetness increased with the increase of sucrose in the late mature stage. Without starch, the sweetness will be reduced due to the hydrolysis of disaccharide into monosaccharide during storage. Melon seeds can be used as tea, and melon skin can be processed into watermelon sauce. Watermelon can be divided into three categories: ordinary watermelon, melon seeds and small watermelon. Watermelon-also known as water melon, cold melon and summer melon-was called "watermelon" because it was introduced from the western regions in the Han Dynasty. Watermelon tastes sweet and juicy, refreshing and quenching thirst. This is a good fruit in midsummer. It can not only dispel summer heat and polydipsia, but also has a good diuretic effect, so it is called "natural white tiger soup". Watermelon contains almost all kinds of nutrients needed by human body except fat and cholesterol. It is a nutritious, pure and safe food.

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watermelon

China is the largest watermelon producing area in the world, but there are different opinions about the origin of watermelon. It is said that watermelon was discovered by Shennong when he tasted a hundred herbs. Its original name is rare melon, which means watery and fleshy melon, but it became watermelon after being passed down. Another way of saying this is that it did not originate in China, but spread in the western regions, hence the name watermelon. As early as 4,000 years ago, Egyptians planted watermelons, and then they gradually moved north, first from the Mediterranean coast to northern Europe, and then south to the Middle East, India and other places. Watermelon was introduced into China from the Western Regions in the 4th and 5th centuries, so it was called "watermelon". According to Xu Guangqi, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty, the book "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" records: "Watermelon is named after being planted in the western regions." Li Ming's Compendium of Materia Medica records: "According to Hu Jiao of Uighur, there is a kind of melon called watermelon. Watermelon entered China from the Five Dynasties; There are north and south today. " Thus, watermelon cultivation in China has a long history.