Xi Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

The No.1 pit is rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south, an average depth of 5m and an area of 14260m2. The underground tunnel is a civil structure, with five inclined doorways on the east and west sides and two side doors on the north and south sides. The doorway was blocked with stumps, and the pit was covered with shed wood, reed mats and mud. There is a rammed earth wall every 3 meters in the pit. Terracotta warriors and horses are displayed in the space between walls, and the bottom is paved with blue bricks. There are more than 6,000 pieces of pottery figurines and horses in No.1 pit, which look like real people and horses, and more than 1000 pieces have been dug up. Inside the pit is a rectangular army array composed of infantry figurines and cavalry figurines. At the eastern end, there are three rows of infantry figurines facing east, with 70 pieces in each row, accounting for 2 10, which is the pioneer of the army array. Followed by cavalry and Xu chariots, * * * before and after 38 columns, each road length 180 meters, chariots and infantry alternately arranged, is the main body of the army. There is a column on the left and right sides of the military array, facing the north and south horizontal teams respectively. Each team has more than 180 soldiers, which is the flank guard of the military array. There are three horizontal lines at the western end, two facing east and one facing west, which are the defenders of the army array. The whole army array is closely laid out and looks ready to go. The majestic military array represents Qin Shihuang's military achievements and dignity in order to accomplish the great cause of reunifying China. Pit No.2 is located in the northeast of Pit No.1 and the east of Pit No.3. It is square, 96 meters long from east to west and 84 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 6,000 square meters. The buildings in the pit are the same as those in the No.1 pit, but the arrangement is more complicated and the arms are more complete. It is the most spectacular military array in the three pits. Pit 2 has an exhibition hall of 1.7 million square meters, which is the largest and most well-preserved exhibition hall of modern sites in China. Yuan, director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, explained: "First of all, in order to better protect cultural relics, and secondly, it takes at least five to seven years to clear the entire army array from the ground. The advantage of this is that tourists can not only visit the local features of the second pit, but also see the excavation work of the second pit with their own eyes. " According to preliminary calculation, there are more than 300 pottery figurines 1300, more than 80 chariots and tens of thousands of bronze weapons in pit 2, among which general figurines, pommel horse figurines and bow-shooting figurines are found for the first time. There are four inclined doors at the east and west ends of the second pit, and two inclined doors at the north. The statue pit is located in the west and the main entrance is in the east. The layout in the pit is divided into four units.

The first unit is located at the eastern end of the figurine pit, with 60 vertical crossbow figurines in the surrounding corridor, and the array center is composed of 160 crossbow figurines east of Badao Road. The crossbowman adopts the arrangement of stretching array in the array and shoots in turn to avoid the danger of slow tension. The second unit, located on the right side of the pit, consists of 64 chariots (chariots are made of wood, leaving only relics). 8 times per column, * * * 8 columns. There are four horse-sized terracotta warriors and horses in front of the car. Behind each car, there are three soldiers and figures. In the middle is the charioteer Lamar, and the other two are standing on the left and right sides of the car, armed with long-handled weapons. The third unit, located in the middle, consists of 19 chariot, 264 infantry figurines and 8 knight figurines, and is divided into three columns. In front of each horse stood a small statue of a knight, holding the reins in one hand and the bow in the other. In addition to the three riders, there are 8~36 infantry figurines after each ride. The fourth unit, located on the left side of the army array, consists of 108 knight figures and 180 pottery pommel horse figures arranged in 1 1 row to form a rectangular cavalry array. Among them, 1 and 3 are listed as 6 chariots. In front of each horse, there stands a knight figurine in Hufu, holding the horse in his right hand and holding a bow in his left hand. Judging from the layout and formation of the two pits, the formation of the two pits is complex and the arms are complete, which is the backbone of the confrontation. In Sun Tzu's art of war, this grouping method is called "large array with small array, large camp with small camp, even falling with hooks, bending around". "Sun Bin's Art of War" said: "People who ride a war can be divided into three parts, one on the right, one on the left, one who is easy to ride many cars, one who rides many risks and one who is wide." Only the organic combination of the three can win every battle. The second pit is the theoretical map of this ancient strategist.

The third pit is 25 meters west of the second pit and 25 meters north of the first pit. The plane is concave, with an area of 520 square meters. There are only four horses, 1 car and 68 clay figurines. On its east is an inclined doorway with a length of 1 1.2m and a width of 3.7m Corresponding to the doorway is a carriage house, and there is an east-west wing on both sides of the carriage house, namely the south wing and the north wing. * * * 64 pottery figurines were unearthed. The arrangement of these terracotta figures is different from pits 1 and 2. The terracotta figures in pits 1 and 2 are arranged in battle formation. The weapons held by the warriors in pit 3 are also different from those in pit 1 and pit 2. The latter is equipped with long-range crossbows, spears, bows, cymbals and swords. In the melee, only one kind of bladeless weapon-copper paddle was found in the third pit. In Qin dynasty, bronze casket was a weapon specially used for ritual purposes. In the north wing, a residual antler and a pile of animal bones were also found. It may be a place dedicated to pre-war divination or prayer activities. Looking at the overall layout of the No.3 pit, it may be the headquarters of the entire underground army array-the military curtain. The commander-in-chief of the left, right and Chinese armies has just not finished. Judging from the carved years of weapons unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was built before and after Qin Shihuang unified China. Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the world with his skills of "breaking clouds with a sword" and "rough driving ahead of others" Terracotta warriors and horses reflect the momentum of the Qin dynasty and make Mazhuang stronger. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and continued to overhaul Epang Palace and Chidao. The tax corvee was heavier than before, which led to the peasant uprising. In this form, the third pit was cut off in the middle, and the fourth pit was hastily filled before the Terracotta Warriors were put in. Traces of fire were found in the excavation, which may be related to the burning of Epang Palace by the King of Chu. There are no terracotta figures in the fourth pit, only backfill soil. After seeing the Terracotta Warriors, people can't help asking: What is the purpose of building the Terracotta Warriors pit? There are four kinds of sayings: "the guards guarding the capital", "the symbol of Qin Shihuang's eastern patrol guard", "buried figurines" and "erecting a monument to commend the meritorious service". According to the archaeological excavation of Qin Mausoleum, the overall layout of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is to simulate the map of Miyagi before his death. The three pits are located on the north side of Dongmen Avenue in Lingwai City, and seem to be guards stationed outside the city to guard the capital.