Characteristics of Zulu villages in Africa

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Zulu nationality

/kloc-Zulu warriors in the late 0/9th century (with some Europeans in the background)

Total population: about160,000 (200 1 year [1])

Distribution: KwaZulu-natal province: 7.6 million,

Gauteng province:1900,000,

Mpu Malanga Province: 800,000 people,

Free province:140,000,

(Estimated value of 200 1 year [2])

Language: Zulu, some languages are English or Afrikaans.

Religious belief: Christianity, animism.

Native place: Bantu.

Ng'Uni language

Bassoto (Bassoto)

Kosa people

Swazi

Matabelle (Matabelle)

Zulu is an African nation with a population of about 1.0 1 10,000, and mainly lives in KwaZulu-natal province. Their language is Isizulu, which evolved from Bantu (Bantu is a subgroup of Ng'Uni). Zulu Kingdom is an important role in the history of South Africa in the19th century. Under the apartheid system, Zulu people were classified as second-class citizens and were severely discriminated against. In South Africa today, Zulu is the most populous race and enjoys the same rights as other South Africans.

In about 1709, Zulu Canto Mhira established Zulu in the present KwaZulu-nuttall province. At that time, Zulu was only a small tribe, and the local area was mainly occupied by many small Ng'Uni tribes and clans (also known as imzi).

kingdom

The Rise of Zulu under Xiaka's Rule

Shakazulu is the illegitimate child of Zulu leader Senzangakona. He was born around 1787. He and his mother (Nandi) were exiled by Sinzangkona, and they fled to Mthethwa. Shaka became a soldier under Dingiswayo, the leader of Mtwa. After Sinzankona's death, Dingiswayo helped Shaga become a Zulu leader. The two tribes became allies and fought side by side. Dingiswayo was later killed by Zwede, the leader of Enwandewei. Mtwa merged into Zulu and accepted the rule of Xiaka.

Shaka continued to carry out Dingiswayo's military reform, established a team system, adopted a standard strategy, ruled the troops with an iron fist, and expanded Zulu's territory with strategy. He attacked and conquered many tribes in Zululan and established Zulu State. At this time, Zulu became a big tribe between Tugela River and Pungola River. This expansion forced many tribes in Zululan area to migrate, which was called Mfecane (also known as soil abandonment movement). There have also been many internal struggles in this process, which is called Zulu Civil War in history.

Ding Gang's bloody usurpation

Dingane and Mlangana conspired to kill their brother Shaka (three half-brothers). After at least two assassinations, they finally killed Shaka.

After Sharjah was killed, Ding Gang killed Mlangana who conspired with him, succeeded in usurping the throne and ascended the throne of the king. After he succeeded to the throne, he first executed several royal relatives. In the following years, in order to secure the throne, Ding Gang executed several supporters of Xiaka.

Mpande, another half-brother of Ding Gang, was considered too weak to dare, so he became one of the survivors of the bloody usurpation.

The Conflict with Immigrant Pioneers and Mpande's Inheritance

1837, 10, Piet Retief, the leader of Voortrekker, went to Dinggang Village to negotiate the land distribution between pioneers and Zulu people. In June of 5438+065438+ 10, about 1 0,000 wagons of immigrant pioneers arrived in KwaZulu-natal province from the Free State of Orange via Drakensberg.

Ding Gang asked Steve to return the cattle stolen by his team. On February 3rd, 1838, Steve returned the cow. The next day, the two sides signed a treaty, and Dinggang ceded the land south of the Tugra River to the Mzinwubu River to the immigrant pioneers. A series of celebrations began. On February 6th, the last day of the celebration, Steve's team was invited to the dance and asked them to leave the caravan. Halfway through the dance, Ding Gang suddenly stood up and shouted "Bambani Aba Takagi!" Zulu, Kill the Wizards. Restif and his colleagues were immediately subdued and taken to kwaMatiwane Mountain for execution. It is believed that they were killed because they detained some cows that should have been returned, which angered Ding Gang.

Ding Gang's army then attacked the camp of the immigrant vanguard, and about 500 men, women and children of the immigrant vanguard were all slaughtered, and none of them were spared. The place where the bloody massacre took place is now named Weenen (meaning "crying" in Dutch).

Other members of the immigrant pioneers voted to elect Andries Pretorius as the new leader. 1838 12 16, Ding Gang sent troops to attack the immigrant pioneers on the banks of the Blood River. Biletous led 470 pioneers of immigration and formed a phalanx with multiple wagons to resist the Zulu army of 1000 to 20,000 soldiers. Biletus's phalanx strategy was a great success. About 3,000 Zulu soldiers were killed, only three immigrant pioneers were injured and no one died. This battle is called "The Battle of the Blood River" in history.

After being defeated, Ding Gang burned down his palace and fled to the north. Mpande (a half-blood brother who survived because he was regarded as a coward by Ding Gang) led 17000 supporters to betray Ding Gang, and joined forces with Biletus and immigration pioneers to declare war on Ding Gang. Ding Gang was finally assassinated on the present Swazi border. Mpande replaced Ding Gang as king of Zulu.

Sechiwayo's succession

After Ding Gang's death, in 1839, the immigrant pioneers led by Biletus established the Republic of natalia, which was located in the south of Tukla and the west of the then British colony Natal (now Durban). Mpande maintained a peaceful relationship with Biletus. However, in 1842, a war broke out between England and Bohr, and Natalia was annexed by England. Mpande turned to form an alliance with Britain to maintain friendly relations.

1843, Mpande ordered the eradication of all dissidents and/or suspected dissidents in the kingdom. As a result, countless people were killed, and thousands of people fled to KwaZulu-natal province, which was then under British administration. Many refugees fled with their cows. Mpande searched the area and invaded Swaziland on 1852. Britain later intervened to force Mpande to withdraw.

At the same time, Mpande's two sons, Cetshwayo and Mbuyazi, had a dispute over the succession to the throne. 1856, Mbuyaz was killed by his brother Sechiwayo. Sechiwayo planned to usurp his father's regime. Finally, 1872, Mpande died of old age and Sechiwayo succeeded him.

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