The origin of surnames

China people had surnames before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about 5,000 years ago). At that time, it was a matriarchal society, only knowing that there was a mother and no father. Therefore, "surname" is composed of "female" and "born", which means that the earliest surname is the mother's surname. In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had surnames and surnames. The surname comes from the name of the village where you live or the tribe to which you belong. "The world" comes from the monarch's fief, knighthood, official position or title after death, so the nobility has a surname, a name and a surname; Civilians have a first name and no last name. Men and women with the same surname can get married, but men and women with the same surname cannot share the same surname as the teacher. Ancient musicians were in charge of court music. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a descendant of a musician named Shi, who held the post of Shangshu in the State of Jin, but the name of the monarch of the State of Jin had the word "Shi", namely Sima Shi. In order to avoid the word "history" in the monarch's name, Shangshu omitted his surname and changed it to "handsome", so he got the handsome surname. See Guang Yun and Tongzhi. Brief introduction of clan. Contemporary mainly distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces. First, the origin of surnames There are three sources of surnames: 1, with the official name as the surname. In Xia and Shang Dynasties, there were famous ministers and masters who managed music skills, such as Yan in ancient times and Juan in Shang Dynasty. There was another teacher in the Zhou Dynasty, Yin Zhiguan, who was in charge of music singing. The descendants of these people then took the official as their surname and the teacher as their surname. 2. Take technology as the surname. During the two weeks and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people who were good at musical skills were called teachers. Teacher B from Jin State, Teacher B from Lu State, Teacher Li from Zheng State, Teacher Mo, Teacher Dun and Teacher Hui were all famous musicians at that time, and they were all good at Quyi. According to legend, there was a musician named Ye Zi in the State of Jin, Shi Kuang. Although he is blind, he is good at distinguishing voices and playing the piano. Jinping Metric made a set of bronze bells for playing music. Many musicians thought the melody was accurate after listening to it, but the teacher disagreed. His judgment was finally confirmed by a man named Shi Xiao. The descendants of these musicians who are good at music planning take the skills and occupations of their ancestors as their surnames, so they become teachers' surnames, also called teachers' surnames. 3, from the Zhou Dynasty, with people's names as surnames and descendants. During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a famous man named "Shi", whose descendants took the word "Shi" in their ancestors' names as their surnames. Dancing and flying 2. County hope hall. County looking at Taiyuan County: `During the Warring States Period, Wang Xiang, Qinzhuang, set Jinyang, now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Langya County: the hometown of Qin Shihuang, equivalent to Zhucheng, Linyi and Jiaonan in the southeast of Shandong Province today. Pingyuan County: Established in the early Western Han Dynasty, it is equivalent to Pingyuan County in the northwest of Shandong Province. Dancing lightly is called "Qinqin Hall": Qinqin teaching is to teach you to play the piano. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a musician in Lu who was good at playing the piano. Confucius once worshipped him to learn piano for his teacher. Shi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a native of Nanyang, is a famous historical figure. Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty is good at calligraphy, and Yu Hongdumen is a great man in the world. Among hundreds of applicants, Shi's eight characters are the best. The big one is one word, and the small one is 1000 words. When he is in the bar, he can write on the wall for sale. Teacher: A native of Lingshi in Song Dynasty, a scholar in Yuan You Governor Crane's army, was later promoted to Jiangnan. He found that there were too many exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the procedures were troublesome, so he went to the court to suggest a slight increase in land tax and exemption from exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, so that the people would not feel the trouble of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the state would not reduce taxes. After his suggestion was adopted and implemented, it won the support of the people in the south of the Yangtze River and was painted as a shrine to him. Teachers have also become good officials in history. Shi Kui: A native of Dong 'e in the Ming Dynasty, whose name was Jiukui, lost his father when he was young and his mother was very filial. He was once an official minister. In Hongwu, he was appointed as the censor, and he didn't produce any property. The wages and rewards he received were distributed to relatives and friends, leaving his eight sons without any property. Ming Chengzu once said: "Among the ministers from the north, Shi Kui is the only one who is not greedy." Kyushu Shijia and Shuaijia are the same ancestral temple.

Get married. Because China people have long discovered this genetic law: consanguineous marriage is bad for future generations.

During the reign of Emperor Taizong (AD 627), Minister Gao Shilian recorded seven folk surnames and wrote a book. & gt promulgated the world as the basis for recommending sages to be officials or friction marriage at that time.

The Old Popular Surnames in China << Hundreds of Surnames >> It was written in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960), and collected 408 single surnames, 30 compound surnames and 438 single surnames. Later, it was said that there were 4,000 to 6,000, but only about 1000 was actually used. All countries in the world have the saying of "three surnames", and Britain is: Smythe, Jones and Williams; The United States is: Smith, Johnson, Carson; France is: Martin, Bernard, DuPont; Germany is: Schultz, Muller, Schmidt; The Soviet Union is: Ivanov, Vasiliev, Detnov; ; In China, there are four most popular surnames, Zhang Wang Li Zhao. They have a long history and are widely distributed, and they are all given by the emperor. According to the latest statistics, there are 100 million people surnamed Zhang alone, which is probably the largest surname in the world.

1977 historian Li Dongming, in < lt; Oriental Magazine published a paper on surnames, pointing out that the top ten surnames of China people are Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, May 6th, Huang and Zhou. These ten surnames account for 40% of China's population, about 400 million people.

The next ten surnames are: Xu, Zhu, Lin, Sun, Ma, Gao, Hu, Zheng, Guo and Xiao. It accounts for more than 10% of the population of China.

The third top ten surnames are Xie, He, Xu, Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Deng, Liang and Ye. It accounts for 10% of the population of China.

The next fifteen surnames are Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao, Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du, Peng and Lu, which together account for 65,438+00% of the total population.

In other words, among China's one billion people, 700 million people have 45 surnames. Surnames of more than 300 million people are rare, such as Mao, Jiang, Bai, Wen, Guan, Liao, Miao and Chi.

China people had surnames before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about 5,000 years ago). At that time, it was a matriarchal society, only knowing that there was a mother and no father. Therefore, "surname" is composed of "female" and "born", which means that the earliest surname is the mother's surname. In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had surnames and surnames. The surname comes from the name of the village where you live or the tribe to which you belong. "The world" comes from the monarch's fief, knighthood, official position or title after death, so the nobility has a surname, a name and a surname; Civilians have a first name and no last name. Men and women with the same surname can get married, but men and women with the same surname cannot get married. Because China people have long discovered this genetic law: consanguineous marriage is bad for future generations.

During the reign of Emperor Taizong (AD 627), Minister Gao Shilian recorded seven folk surnames and wrote a book. & gt promulgated the world as the basis for recommending sages to be officials or friction marriage at that time.

The Old Popular Surnames in China << Hundreds of Surnames >> It was written in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960), and collected 408 single surnames, 30 compound surnames and 438 single surnames. Later, it was said that there were 4,000 to 6,000, but only about 1000 was actually used. All countries in the world have the saying of "three surnames", and Britain is: Smythe, Jones and Williams; The United States is: Smith, Johnson, Carson; France is: Martin, Bernard, DuPont; Germany is: Schultz, Muller, Schmidt; The Soviet Union is: Ivanov, Vasiliev, Detnov; ; In China, there are four most popular surnames, Zhang Wang Li Zhao. They have a long history and are widely distributed, and they are all given by the emperor. According to the latest statistics, there are 100 million people surnamed Zhang alone, which is probably the largest surname in the world.

1977 historian Li Dongming, in < lt; Oriental Magazine published a paper on surnames, pointing out that the top ten surnames of China people are Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, May 6th, Huang and Zhou. These ten surnames account for 40% of China's population, about 400 million people.

The next ten surnames are: Xu, Zhu, Lin, Sun, Ma, Gao, Hu, Zheng, Guo and Xiao. It accounts for more than 10% of the population of China.

The third top ten surnames are Xie, He, Xu, Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Deng, Liang and Ye. It accounts for 10% of the population of China.

The next fifteen surnames are Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao, Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du, Peng and Lu, which together account for 65,438+00% of the total population.

In other words, among China's one billion people, 700 million people have 45 surnames. Surnames of more than 300 million people are rare, such as Mao, Jiang, Bai, Wen, Guan, Liao, Miao and Chi.