Land use in big cities is in an index dilemma? Shenzhen explores and innovates the balance system of cultivated land occupation and compensation.

(Reporter Ji Simin) Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued a letter on supporting Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Shenzhen to deepen the exploration of natural resources. The Ministry of Natural Resources supports Guangdong and Shenzhen to further enhance the degree and efficiency of market-oriented allocation of natural resource elements from nine aspects, including land space planning, space use control, land use, the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, the pilot of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, real estate registration, land acquisition and non-transfer, and deepening natural resource exploration in Shenzhen, so as to stimulate market vitality and creativity.

In terms of construction land, the opinions issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources put forward to support Guangdong to explore the establishment of a trading mechanism for construction land in the province; Support the innovation of the balance system of cultivated land occupation and compensation, and explore the establishment of a nationwide cross-regional trading mechanism for supplementary cultivated land indicators; Support the policy of exploring the establishment and supply of the above-ground, surface and underground layered construction land use rights, and explore the three-dimensional layered rights of sea areas.

As the first special economic zone established in China, Shenzhen has developed rapidly, but it is also facing the contradiction of tight construction land. According to public data, at present, the whole area of Shenzhen is only 1997.47 square kilometers (excluding Shenzhen Special Cooperation Zone), which is only 12. 17% in Beijing, 3 1.50% in Shanghai and 26.76% in Guangzhou. According to the data jointly released by Shenzhen Planning and Natural Resources Bureau and Municipal Statistics Bureau in February, 20 19, the cultivated land area in Shenzhen reached 36 18 hectares (54,300 mu). In addition, according to the Regulations of Shenzhen Municipality on the Management of Basic Ecological Control Line promulgated on June 65438+1October 65438+1October 7, 2005, the land area within the basic ecological control line is 974.5 square kilometers, accounting for 48.76%, which is close to half of the total area of Shenzhen.

The Economic Daily pointed out that according to the Implementation Plan for Housing Development in 2020 issued by Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau in April this year, residential land in Shenzhen accounts for 22.6% of the total construction land in the city, far below the lower limit of 25%~40% in relevant national standards, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of housing demand growth and quality improvement under the conditions of rapid population growth.

Therefore, for Shenzhen, where land resources are scarce, explore the establishment of a provincial-level construction land trading mechanism; Supporting the innovation of farmland occupation and compensation balance system and exploring the establishment of a nationwide cross-regional trading mechanism for supplementary farmland indicators can effectively solve the contradiction of "shortage" of construction land in Shenzhen.

Xu Xiaole, chief market analyst of RealData, pointed out that for a long time, China has been facing the problem of uneven regional development, and the indicators of cultivated land and construction land in the more developed areas in the east are in short supply. Relatively speaking, the central and western regions are relatively rich in land, but the land utilization rate is low and the land value is difficult to realize, which restricts the overall development of the country. The Letter on Supporting Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Shenzhen to Deepen the Reform and Exploration in the Field of Natural Resources means that the central government has delegated the authority of land management and examination and approval to provincial and municipal governments. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was chosen for the first time because of the obvious shortage of cultivated land and construction land in Greater Bay Area, especially in Shenzhen.

Li, chief researcher of Guangdong Housing Policy Research Center, said that Shenzhen has developed relatively early and the construction land is close to the "ceiling", but the development of the city can only be achieved through the construction land trading mechanism in the province. For example, there are many construction land indicators in Heyuan and Huizhou, and Shenzhen can purchase these construction land indicators, and cities such as Heyuan can also enjoy the dividends brought by the urbanization process in Shenzhen.

Cheng, a professor and vice president of Suzhou University Law School, also pointed out that this opinion clearly "explores the establishment of a nationwide cross-regional trading mechanism for supplementary cultivated land indicators". If a city like Shenzhen wants to develop, but it can't touch the red line of cultivated land and ecological red line, it can play a game of chess all over the country. Shenzhen can carry out cross-regional transactions in Ningxia, Gansu and other places with large cultivated land.

Zou, head of the housing big data project team of the Institute of Finance and Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the main reason for launching the "cross-regional trading mechanism for supplementary cultivated land indicators" is to solve the dilemma of the shortage of construction land indicators in megacities and meet the needs of population migration to megacities. In a city like Shenzhen, construction land is extremely scarce, and it is difficult to balance the occupation of cultivated land in the region. The introduction of "establishing the trading mechanism of construction land in the province" and "cross-regional trading mechanism of supplementary cultivated land indicators" can realize the allocation and balance of construction land and cultivated land in a wider range, which is conducive to improving land use efficiency and stabilizing land prices.

"Exploring the establishment of a nationwide cross-regional trading mechanism for supplementary cultivated land indicators and obtaining land increment through cross-regional land transactions in the future will help improve the constraints of insufficient construction land on urban construction and economic development and improve the contradiction between land and housing in the real estate market." Xu Xiaole said.

Zou mentioned that it is necessary to supplement cultivated land as much as possible to ensure that the total amount of cultivated land does not decrease. "The problem is that in a city like Shenzhen, there is no place to supplement cultivated land. Or in the whole province, there is no way to increase the same amount. At this time, if the central and western provinces have the conditions to supplement cultivated land on their behalf, then Shenzhen will give economic compensation through inter-provincial index transactions, and both sides will achieve their respective goals. "