Calligraphy Art from Shang Dynasty to Western Han Dynasty

From Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, through the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, to Qin and Han Dynasties, the historical development of more than 2,000 years also promoted the development of calligraphy art. During this period, various calligraphy styles appeared one after another, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, stone carvings, bamboo slips and Zhu Mo's handwriting. Among them, seal script, official script, cursive script, regular script, regular script, regular script and other fonts are in hundreds of miscellaneous bodies.

After screening and elimination, the art of calligraphy began to develop in an orderly manner.

A Brief Introduction to Various Calligraphy Styles Ancient Chinese Characters The name of a calligraphy style is also the oldest existing writing in China. Carved on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it was first used in Oracle Bone Inscriptions (Yin people used tortoise shells and animal bones for divination. After divination, the period of divination, the name of the diviner and the things of divination are all engraved with a knife next to divination, and some even engraved with good or bad luck that has been fulfilled a few days later. Scholars call this kind of record Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is a divination of the future outcome, and it was more popular in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered in 1889, which is a record of royal divination in the late Shang Dynasty. It was discovered more than 3000 years ago in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the first treasure in the history of China's calligraphy. His brushwork has changed in thickness, lightness and quickness. His brushwork is light and urgent, thick and heavy, quick and energetic, and has a certain sense of rhythm. Fiona Fang is full of turning points, steep in square and soft in round. Its lines are more harmonious and fluent than those of Wen Tao, which lays the foundation and rhythm for the unique line art of China's calligraphy. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was tied into a rectangle, which laid the foundation of Chinese font. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's knot is shaped with the body, so let it be. Its composition varies in size, and Fiona Fang is diverse, long and flat, scattered and harmonious. The writing principles of Chinese characters have been generally established in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, such as rugged, evasive, bow-echoing, unstoppable and so on. A literal name in ancient Chinese characters. Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States. It flourished in the Zhou Dynasty. This is another monument in the history of calligraphy in China. The tripod attached to the bronze ware is intended to "make people know God's treachery", so it is a ritual vessel for religious sacrifice. The inscriptions on bronzes, also known as Zhong Dingwen, Wen Qi and ancient prose, are more powerful than Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The pictographic meaning of words is also denser. The earliest bronze inscriptions were found on bronzes unearthed in the middle of Shang Dynasty. Although there is not much information, it can be traced back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins. The Zhou Dynasty was the golden age of bronze inscriptions, with the most unearthed inscriptions.

The main works of this period are: Li Chan, Tian Wuchan, Yu Ding, Pan Bi, Pan and Pan. Among them, Simu Wuding, Pan and Mao are the most famous and have the highest artistic achievements. Stone carvings originated in the Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Qin Dynasty. Stone inscriptions in the Eastern Zhou and Qin Dynasties. On the 10 granite drum stone, there is a four-character poem, which praises Qin's hunting, so it is also called hunting. Legend has it that the earliest stone carving is Shen Bei in Xia Dynasty, and the style of carving poems is similar to the Book of Songs. The font is close to the calligraphy contained in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and its calligraphy has always been highly respected.

The main works are: Shi Guwen, Yishan stone carving, Taishan stone carving, Langya stone carving and Huiji stone carving. Calligraphy is the most important art, but the original calligraphy before Qin and Han dynasties can only be seen in Jian and Bo Meng's books. In ancient times, bamboo was used as the main material, and bamboo slips were woven with beef tendon, silk thread and hemp rope. Archaeological findings show that the earliest ink on bamboo slips and silk books include Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, the book of the Warring States League unearthed in Houma, Shanxi Province (that is, the words written on or on Yu Ce) and the silk book of the Warring States period unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha.

China's calligraphy experienced Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Due to the warlord regime, the figures since Shang Dynasty embarked on different development paths in the vassal states. During this period, the forms and techniques of calligraphy also presented a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended. For example, the "Tadpole Prose" of the northern country of Jin, and the "Bird Book" of wuyue, Chu, Cai and other countries are even more tortuous.

The bronze inscriptions in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are no longer as thick as those in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but are replaced by slender figures, showing a rounded aesthetic feeling, such as "a mirror that attacks a warrior and sends a bad king". This period left many ink marks, such as bamboo slips, silk books and league books.